scholarly journals Fruit Surface Colonization and Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Pear by Preharvest Yeast Applications

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 839-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse M. Benbow ◽  
David Sugar
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Candida Oleophila ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Fruit Surface ◽  
Total Yeast

The yeasts Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatus, Cryptococcus laurentii, and Rhodotorula glutinis, applied to Bosc and d'Anjou pear fruit in the field 3 weeks prior to harvest, maintained high population levels through harvest, while populations of Candida oleophila declined after 1 and 2 weeks, and by harvest were not significantly different from total yeast populations on untreated fruit. Yeasts were sprayed individually on fruit at concentrations of 1 to 3 × 108 CFU/ml, with approximately 2 ml applied per fruit. Initial population sizes for all four species averaged 5 × 106 CFU per fruit. C. infirmo-miniatus provided the most consistent decay control in fruit treated 3 weeks before harvest. C. infirmo-miniatus and R. glutinis also provided significant postharvest decay control in Bosc fruit treated 1 day before harvest.

scholarly journals Involvement of Aureobasidium pullulans and Rhodotorula glutinis in Russet of d'Anjou Pear Fruit

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Spotts ◽  
L. A. Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Aureobasidium Pullulans ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Pear Fruit ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Fruit Tissue ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fruit Surface

d'Anjou pear, the main cultivar grown in the Mid-Columbia Region of Oregon, is subject to russeting of the fruit surface, resulting in reduced quality and value. The role of Aureobasidium pullulans and Rhodotorula glutinis in russet of pear fruit was studied. Inoculations were done at full bloom in 1998 and 1999 and petal fall in 1999 with a log range of concentrations up to 108CFU/ml. Populations of A. pullulans on floral and fruit tissue were monitored during spring 1999 and 2000 in six orchards with a history of russet. Russet of fruit in both studies was evaluated at harvest. In 1998 neither fungus increased russet. In 1999, inoculation with two strains of each fungus at 108 CFU/ml increased russet. Inoculation with 104 or 106 CFU/ml did not increase russet in either year. In commercial orchards, there was no correlation between fruit russet and the populations of A. pullulans on floral and fruit tissue. Populations were less than 103 CFU/g of tissue. We conclude that A. pullulans and R. glutinis are not major contributors to russet of d'Anjou pear fruit in the Mid-Columbia Region.

Biological control of postharvest diseases of peach with Cryptococcus laurentii

Food Control ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyin Zhang ◽  
Xiaodong Zheng ◽  
Ting Yu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Postharvest Diseases

scholarly journals Control of Postharvest Decay in Pear by Four Laboratory-Grown Yeasts and Two Registered Biocontrol Products

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sugar ◽  
Robert A. Spotts
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Lesion Diameter ◽  
Candida Oleophila ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Second Year

Control of blue mold decay in Bosc pears was studied with the laboratory-grown yeasts Rhodotorula glutinis, Cryptococcus infirmo-miniatus, and two strains of Cryptococcus laurentii, as well as registered biocontrol products Aspire, containing the yeast Candida oleophila, and Bio-Save 11 (now Bio-Save 110), containing the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae. Both thiabendazole (TBZ)-sensitive and TBZ-resistant strains of Penicillium expansum were used. Aspire treatment reduced the average lesion diameter by approximately 65 and 45%, and reduced decay incidence by 27 and 9% with TBZ-resistant and TBZ-sensitive P. expansum, respectively, in the first year of the study, but did not result in significant decay control in the second year. Bio-Save 11 reduced decay lesion diameter by 32 to 72% and incidence by 21 to 40% over the 2 years. In both years, TBZ-sensitive P. expansum was completely controlled by the combination of either C. laurentii (both strains), R. glutinis, or C. infirmo-miniatus with 100 ppm TBZ. With TBZ-resistant P. expansum, control of wound infection with these yeasts alone or with 100 ppm TBZ ranged from 62.9 to 100%. In a packinghouse trial, control by Bio-Save 110 + 100 ppm TBZ and Aspire + 100 ppm TBZ was not different than control by TBZ at 569 ppm, the maximum label rate. The amount of decay following Aspire + 100 ppm TBZ treatment was significantly less than the amount of decay following Bio-Save 110 + 100 ppm TBZ treatment.

Synergistic Effects of Combining Biocontrol Agents with Silicon against Postharvest Diseases of Jujube Fruit

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHIPING TIAN ◽  
GUOZHENG QIN ◽  
YONG XU
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Jujube Fruit ◽  
Zizyphus Jujuba ◽  
Fungistatic Effect ◽  
Chinese Date

The synergistic effects of biocontrol yeasts Cryptococcus laurentii and Rhodotorula glutinis combined with silicon (Si) against Alternaria alternata and Penicillium expansum molds were investigated in jujube fruit (Chinese date, Zizyphus jujuba) stored at 20 and 0°C, respectively. Combinations of C. laurentii and R. glutinis at 5 × 107 cells/ml with 2% Si was most effective in controlling the diseases caused by A. alternata and P. expansum on jujube fruit stored at 20°C. When fruits were stored at 0°C, combining C. laurentii and R. glutinis with Si was as effective against P. expansum as was Si or the yeasts applied alone and was more effective in controlling A. alternata. Si may have a fungistatic effect by directly inhibiting pathogen growth, but it did not greatly influence the growth of the antagonists.

Effect of foliar disease on the epiphytic yeast communities of creeping bentgrass and tall fescue

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 853-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom W Allen ◽  
Habib A Quayyum ◽  
Leon L Burpee ◽  
James W Buck
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Cryptococcus Laurentii ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Yeast Community ◽  
Epiphytic Yeast ◽  
Total Yeast

The effect of mechanical wounding or foliar diseases caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa or Rhizoctonia solani on the epiphytic yeast communities on creeping bentgrass and tall fescue were determined by leaf washing and dilution plating. Total yeast communities on healthy bentgrass and tall fescue leaves ranged from 7.9 × 103 to 1.4 × 105 CFU·cm–2 and from 2.4 × 103 to 1.6 × 104 CFU·cm–2, respectively. Mechanically wounded leaves (1 of 2 trials) and leaves with disease lesions (11 of 12 trials) supported significantly larger communities of phylloplane yeasts. Total yeast communities on S. homoeocarpa infected or R. solani infected bentgrass leaves were 3.6–10.2 times and 6.2–6.4 times larger, respectively, than the communities on healthy leaves. In general, healthy and diseased bentgrass leaves supported larger yeast communities than healthy or diseased tall fescue leaves. We categorized the majority of yeasts as white-pigmented species, including Cryptococcus laurentii, Cryptococcus flavus, Pseudozyma antarctica, Pseudozyma aphidis, and Pseudozyma parantarctica. The percentage of pink yeasts in the total yeast community ranged from 2.6% to 9.9% on healthy leaves and increased to 32.0%–44.7% on S. homoeocarpa infected leaves. Pink-pigmented yeasts included Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Sakaguchia dacryoidea, and Sporidiobolus pararoseus. Foliar disease significantly affected community size and composition of epiphytic yeasts on bentgrass and tall fescue.Key words: dollar spot, phylloplane, Rhizoctonia blight.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Preparation of Endophytic Bacteria CE3 Wettable Powder for Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua CHENG ◽  
Linling LI ◽  
Juan HUA ◽  
Honghui YUAN ◽  
Shuiyuan CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Wettable Powder ◽  
Endothia Parasitica

Recently, there has been an increasing interest among researchers in using combinations of biological control agents to exploit potential synergistic effects among them. In the present study, there were investigated commercially acceptable formulations of Bacillus cereus CE3 wetting powder with long storage life and retained efficacy to control chestnut and other fruit rot caused by Endothia parasitica (Murr) and Fusarium solani. The study sought to develop a new B. cereus formulation that would be more effective and better suited to the conditions of field application. By a series of experiments, the formulation was confirmed as follows: 60% B. cereus freeze-dried powder, 28.9% diatomite as carrier, 4% sodium lignin sulfonate as disperser, 6% alkyl naphthalene sulfonate as wetting agent, 1% K2HPO4 as stabilizer, 0.1% β-cyclodextrin as ultraviolet protectant. The controlling experiments showed that the diluted 100 times of 60% B. cereus wetting powder had 79.47% corrosion rate to chestnut pathogens; and this result is comparable to the diluted 1,000 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl. Safety evaluation results showed that rats acute oral lethal dose 50% was 5,000.35, therefore application of B. cereus wettable powder could not cause a person or animal poisoning. This work illustrated that 60% B. cereus wetting powder had commercial potential; however, to apply this formulation as a biological pesticide in the field, masses production processes need to be further studied.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Yeast Potential in the Biological Control of Colletotrichum orbiculare in Cucumber

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Renata F. Barabasz ◽  
Rayssa H. da Silva ◽  
Monica C. Sustakowski ◽  
Odair J. Kuhn ◽  
Jeferson C. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Pichia Guilliermondii ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

This work aimed to evaluate the effect of the yeasts Candida albicans, Pichia guilliermondii, Rhodotorula glutinis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Zygoascus hellenicus in the control of anthracnose in cucumbers. The influence of volatile and non-volatile compounds on mycelial growth and the effect of cell suspension and culture filtrate on conidial germination were evaluated. In a greenhouse, yeasts were tested on cucumber cotyledons, one cotyledon being treated and the other not; afterwards both cotyledons were challenged with C. orbiculare. The severity of the disease in both cotyledons was assessed by determining biological control and resistance induction. The production of volatile compounds from the yeasts R. glutinis and C. albicans reduced the pathogen growth by 90.7 and 90.0%, respectively. The production of non-volatile compounds stimulated the pathogen development. Conidia germination was affected when exposed to cell suspension of all tested isolates, ranging from 43 to 75%. For the culture filtrate from Z. hellenicus, it reduced the conidia germination by 11.4%. In the in vivo test, on the treated cotyledon, the yeasts Z. hellenicus, R. glutinis and S. cerevisiae reduced the anthracnose severity by 52.5, 50.0 and 42.5%, respectively.

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