scholarly journals First Report of Beech Bark Disease in Michigan

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (8) ◽  
pp. 921-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. O'Brien ◽  
M. E. Ostry ◽  
M. E. Mielke ◽  
R. Mech ◽  
R. L. Heyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Beech Bark Disease ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
First Report ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Lower Peninsula ◽  
Lake Site

Beech bark disease of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) is caused by the interaction of an introduced scale insect (Cryptococcus fagisuga) and the native fungus Nectria galligena, or N. coccinea var. faginata, which is thought to be introduced. Infestations of the insect precede development of the disease, and N. galligena is often found before N. coccinea var. faginata. Previously published records indicate that the beech scale extends as far west as eastern Ohio (2) and southern Ontario (Sajan, personal communication). The scale is now well established in several locations in both the Upper Peninsula (UP) and Lower Peninsula (LP) of Michigan. The scale insect has been found in beech stands throughout three counties (Oceana, Mason, and Muskegon) along the Lake Michigan shore in the LP, extending for at least 100 km from north to south, and occurring up to about 80 km inland. In the eastern UP, beech scale has been found in four counties (Alger, Chippewa, Luce, and Schoolcraft). The heaviest beech scale infestations are distributed around Ludington State Park in the west central LP and the Bass Lake Forest Campground in the eastern UP. The extent of the insect infestation suggests that it has been present in Michigan for many years, with anecdotal accounts placing the first observations of beech scale at Ludington State Park around 1990. These infection centers are distant from previously known beech scale infestations and are located in heavily used recreation areas, suggesting that the insect may have been transported by human activity. Perithecia of N. coccinea var. faginata were found in Ludington State Park in the LP at N 44° 1.951', W 86° 29.956' and perithecia of N. galligena were found at the Bass Lake site in the UP, at N 46° 27.748', W 85° 42.478'. The identity of the fungi collected from each location was confirmed by measurements of perithecium and ascospore morphology (1). Perithecia at both sites were scarce and difficult to find. Surveys planned for the summer and fall of 2001 will further delimit the occurrence and distribution of the pathogens involved in the disease in Michigan. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the beech scale and beech bark disease in Michigan, with N. galligena and N. coccinea var. faginata identified as the pathogens. References: (1) H. V. T. Cotter and R. O. Blanchard. Plant Dis. 65:332–334, 1981. (2) M. E. Mielke et al. Plant Dis. 69:905, 1985.

scholarly journals Distribution of American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) and Beech Scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind.) in Michigan from 2005 to 2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Wieferich ◽  
Deborah G. McCullough ◽  
Daniel B. Hayes ◽  
Nancy J. Schwalm
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Beech Bark Disease ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Invasive Insect ◽  
Cryptococcus Fagisuga ◽  
Lower Peninsula

Abstract Beech scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind.) (Hemiptera; Coccidae), an invasive insect associated with beech bark disease, was discovered in 2000 in a localized area of northwest Lower Michigan and one area in the eastern Upper Peninsula. From 2005 to 2009, we surveyed 809 sites in 73 Michigan counties to determine whether American beech (Fagus grandifolia) trees were present and, if so, whether trees had been colonized by beech scale. Beech trees were present in 696 sites in forest, recreation, and residential areas. By 2009, beech scale had infested beech trees in 8 of 15 counties in the Upper Peninsula, 14 of 68 counties in the Lower Peninsula, one of three islands in Lake Michigan, and all three sampled islands in Lake Huron. Colonization of islands more than 20 km from infestations on the mainland suggest that beech scale was likely introduced by humans or birds. Rates of expansion of 12 discrete beech scale populations varied from 3.3 to 14.3 km per year.

scholarly journals The First Report of Beech Bark Disease in Ohio Comes Nineteen Years After the First Report of the Initiating Scale

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MacKenzie ◽  
A. J. Iskra
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Beech Bark Disease ◽  
American Beech ◽  
First Report ◽  
Disease Complex ◽  
Western Pennsylvania

Beech bark disease (BBD) is a two-part disease complex. It first requires the feeding of an initiating insect scale and is only fully developed when scale-altered bark becomes infected by one of two Neonectria species. In Ohio, there was a 19-year lag between discovery of the initiating scale insect and the development of BBD. In September 1984, the BBD-initiating scale (Cryptococcus fagisuga Lind) was discovered in the Holden Arboretum, Geauga County, OH (2). Nineteen years later (December 2003), A. Iskra discovered the exotic BBD-causing fungus, Neonectria coccinea (Pers.:Fr.) Rossman & Samuels var faginata Lohman, Watson & Ayers, on American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) in the Holden Arboretum. In 1934, Erlich (1) reported that there was normally a delay of at least 1 year between the appearance of the scale and the first appearance of the Neonectria spp. fungus. In the years immediately after the first report of the scale in Ohio (2), pathologists and arboretum staff made frequent visits to the site in an attempt to find Neonectria spp. fruiting. After a decade of searching, these visits became more infrequent. However, it was on one of these visits that A. Iskra found the fungus. He found it on only four trees, none of which had the extensive bark cankering common in chronic Neonectria spp. infections. In North America, the two species of Neonectria that have been involved in BBD mortality are the native N. galligena (Bres.) Rossman & Samuels, or the exotic N. coccinea var faginata. In the absence of beech scale infestations, reports of the native N. galligena infecting American beech are few. Yet, in West Virginia, western Pennsylvania, Michigan, and possibly North Carolina, the fungus first associated with the killing front has been the native N. galligena and not the exotic variety, N. coccinea var faginata. To our knowledge, this is the first report of BBD in Ohio and it is unique because the associated fungus is the exotic variety. References: (1) J. Erlich. Can. J. Res. 10:593, 1934. (2) M. E. Mielke et al. Plant Dis. 69:905, 1985.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Resistance to the Beech Scale Insect (Cryptococcus fagisuga) and Propagation of American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) by Grafting

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ramirez ◽  
J. Loo ◽  
M. J. Krasowski
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Total Resistance ◽  
Beech Bark Disease ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Insect Colonies ◽  
Cryptococcus Fagisuga

Abstract Scions collected from diseased trees and from those without symptoms of beech bark disease (BBD) were cleft-grafted in 2003 and 2004 onto rootstock of unknown resistance to BBD. Grafting success varied among genotypes and year (30% in 2003 and 12% in 2004), and improved with increasing rootstock diameter. Successful grafts were used to test resistance to the beech scale insect, Cryptococcus fagisuga (the initiating agent of BBD) by introducing eggs onto the bark of scions and allowing time for the emergence of all developmental stages of the insects. Significantly fewer insects colonized scions collected from putatively resistant trees than those collected from diseased trees. In some cases, where egg placement overlapped a portion of the rootstock, insect colonies developed on the rootstock but not on the scion collected from resistant trees. Occasionally, scions from putatively resistant trees were colonized, whereas some of those from diseased trees were not. When scions from putatively resistant trees were heavily colonized, only adult insects were present and no eggs or other life stages of the insect were found. The findings indicate that the extent of resistance to the scale insect (hence to BBD) ranges from partial to total resistance.

scholarly journals Geographic Expansion of Lyme Disease in Michigan, 2000–2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Lantos ◽  
Jean Tsao ◽  
Lise E. Nigrovic ◽  
Paul G. Auwaerter ◽  
Vance G. Fowler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Upper Peninsula ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Lower Peninsula ◽  
Geographic Expansion ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Distribution Studies

Abstract Background Most Lyme disease cases in the Midwestern United States are reported in Minnesota and Wisconsin. In recent years, however, a widening geographic extent of Lyme disease has been noted with evidence of expansion eastwards into Michigan and neighboring states with historically low incidence rates. Methods We collected confirmed and probable cases of Lyme disease from 2000 through 2014 from the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, entering them in a geographic information system. We performed spatial focal cluster analyses to characterize Lyme disease expansion. We compared the distribution of human cases with recent Ixodes scapularis tick distribution studies. Results Lyme disease cases in both the Upper and Lower Peninsulas of Michigan expanded more than 5-fold over the study period. Although increases were seen throughout the Upper Peninsula, the Lower Peninsula particularly expanded along the Indiana border north along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. Human cases corresponded to a simultaneous expansion in established I scapularis tick populations. Conclusions The geographic distribution of Lyme disease cases significantly expanded in Michigan between 2000 and 2014, particularly northward along the Lake Michigan shore. If such dynamic trends continue, Michigan—and possibly neighboring areas of Indiana, Ohio, and Ontario, Canada—can expect a continued increase in Lyme disease cases.

Nectria coccinea var. faginata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Beech Bark Disease ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Cryptococcus Fagisuga ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Wet Weather

Abstract A description is provided for Nectria coccinea var. faginata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Fagus grandifolia (beech) DISEASE: Beech bark disease in association with the scale insect Cryptococcus fagi[Cryptococcus fagisuga]. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Canadian Maritime Provinces and eastern USA (Maine, Massachussetts, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania) where it is reported to be spreading south (Shigo; 50, 1388). TRANSMISSION: By wind in cool wet weather; spores are discharged only in moist conditions but they may subsequently dry and be disseminated by wind.

Diarimella laurentidae anam.: sp.nov. from Quebec

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2037-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Vujanovic ◽  
Marc St-Arnaud ◽  
Peterjürgen Neumann ◽  
J André Fortin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Fungus Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Ecological Reserve ◽  
A New Species

Diarimella laurentidae, a new species occurring on dead bark and decorticated twigs of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), is reported from the Muir's Wood ecological reserve, located in the centre of the Haut-Saint-Laurent region in the province of Quebec. Diarimella laurentidae is characterized by stromatic, pulvinate, black, setose fructifications composed of a basal stroma of textura angularis, a brown peripheral wall of textura porrecta, conidiomatal setae of two types, and unicellular multisetulate conidia. Its relationships with described Diarimella species is discussed. This is the first report of a species of Diarimella from North America.Key words: Diarimella laurentidae, new fungus species, coelomycete, Fagus grandifolia.

scholarly journals First Report of Foliar Infection of Maianthemum racemosum by Phytophthora ramorum

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hüberli ◽  
K. L. Ivors ◽  
A. Smith ◽  
J. G. Tse ◽  
M. Garbelotto
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
First Report ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Artificial Inoculations ◽  
Water Plants

In May 2003, Phytophthora ramorum S. Werres & A.W.A.M. de Cock was isolated from the leaf tips of a single plant of false Solomon's seal (Maianthemum racemosum (L.) Link, formely known as Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf.), a native, herbaceous perennial of the Liliaceae family, at the Jack London State Park in Sonoma County, California. Affected leaves had cream-to-brown lesions on the tips that were delimited by a yellow chlorotic zone. Lesions on the stems were not observed. The isolate (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC], Manassas, VA, MYA-3280; Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, the Netherlands, CBS 114391) was typical of P. ramorum with large chlamydospores and caduceus, semipapillate sporangia, and the sequence (GenBank Accession No. AY526570) of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rDNA matched those published previously (4). The site, from which wood rose (Rosa gymnocarpa) was recently identified as a host, is a mixed forest containing confirmed P. ramorum-infected coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), and tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflora) trees (2,3). Two leaves per asymptomatic, pesticide free, potted plant of false Solomon's seal were inoculated with zoospores of the P. ramorum isolate obtained from infected false Solomon's seal (1). Five plants were inoculated in trial 1, and the following day, three plants were inoculated in trial 2. A control leaf of each plant was dipped in sterile deionized water. Plants were enclosed in plastic bags, misted regularly with sterile distilled water, and maintained at 16 to 21°C in the greenhouse. In both trials, plants did not have lesions on the leaves after 16 days and were reinoculated on separate days for each trial with higher concentrations of zoospores (1 × 105 [trial 1] and 2 × 105 [trial 2] zoospores/ml). Cream-colored lesions, similar to those observed in the field, were evident 1 week after the second inoculation and stopped progressing in both trials by 17 days. Lesions starting from the leaf tips averaged 13 mm (range 8 to 24 mm) long, and P. ramorum was reisolated on Phytophthora-selective agar medium modified with 25 mg of pentachloronitrobenzene from 44% (trial 1) and 83% (trial 2) of all lesions (4). Control leaves had no lesions, and P. ramorum was not reisolated. Sporangia were not observed on any leaves when examined with the dissecting microscope. The fact that lesions developed only after a second inoculation with higher concentrations of zoospores, and these lesions stopped progressing after 17 days, suggests that false Solomon's seal is much less susceptible than other hosts such as western starflower (Trientalis latifolia) (1) and wood rose (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a plant from the Liliaceae as a natural host for P. ramorum, although Smilax aspersa was identified as being susceptible in artificial inoculations of detached leaves (E. Moralejo and L. Hernández, personal communication). False Solomon's seal is popular in the horticultural industry. References: (1) D. Hüberli et al. Plant Dis. 87:599, 2003. (2) D. Hüberli et al. Plant Dis. 88:430, 2004. (3) P. E. Maloney et al. Plant Dis. 86:1274, 2002. (4) D. M. Rizzo et al. Plant Dis. 86:205, 2002.

scholarly journals Non-indigenous scale insects on ornamental plants in Bulgaria and China: A survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Trencheva ◽  
G. Trenchev ◽  
R. Tomov ◽  
S.-A. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Scale Insect ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Family

A preliminary list of non-indigenous scale insect species on ornamental plants in Bulgaria and China is presented. The sampling was done between April and November, 2009, in the framework of the project “Invasive scale insects on ornamental plants in Bulgaria and China”. The insects were collected in nurseries, parks, gardens, botanical collections and greenhouses. Representatives from four families have been identified in Bulgaria, the most numerous of which are the Diaspididae (eight species), Coccidae (four species), Pseudococcidae (two species) and Margarodidae (one species). Three species of non-indigenous scale insects associated with ornamental plants were collected in China, all belonging to the family Pseudococcidae. A list of alien scale insect species on ornamental plants is given, including the sampling sites, host plants on which they were found, origin and first report in both countries.

scholarly journals Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll Viruses by Planococcus ficus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Ceroplastes rusci (Hemiptera: Coccidae)

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 999-1002 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mahfoudhi ◽  
M. Digiaro ◽  
M. H. Dhouibi
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insect ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Planococcus Ficus ◽  
Soft Scale ◽  
First Report ◽  
Grapevine Leafroll Disease ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Leafroll Disease

Grapevine leafroll associated virus-3 (GLRaV-3) and Grapevine leafroll associated virus-5 (GLRaV-5), two members of the genus Ampelovirus associated with grapevine leafroll disease, were transmitted by the mealybug Planococcus ficus and the soft scale insect Ceroplastes rusci from infected to healthy vines under experimental conditions. The efficiencies of transmission of GLRaV-3 and GLRaV-5 by P. ficus were 23.3 and 8.3%, respectively, and by C. rusci were 3.3 and 1.7%, respectively. Juvenile instars of P. ficus were more efficient in transmission of the viruses than adult females. This is the first report of the ability of C. rusci to transmit these viruses to grapevines.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document