Transmission of Pigeon pea sterility mosaic virus by the Eriophyid Mite, Aceria cajani (Acari: Arthropoda)

The transmission characteristics of Pigeon pea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV) to pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) by its eriophyid mite vector, Aceria cajani, were studied. Nonviruliferous A. cajani colonies were established on detached healthy leaflets of a PPSMV-immune pigeon pea cultivar floating on water. The transmission efficiency of single A. cajani was up to 53% but was 100% when >5 mites per plant were used. A. cajani acquired PPSMV after a minimum acquisition access period (AAP) of 15 min and inoculated virus after a minimum inoculation access period (IAP) of 90 min. No latent period was observed. Starvation of A. cajani prior to, or following, PPSMV acquisition reduced the minimum AAP and IAP periods to 10 min and 60 min, respectively, and mites retained virus for up to 13 h. None of the mites that developed from eggs taken from PPSMV-infected leaves transmitted the virus, indicating that it is not transmitted transovarially. Taken together, these data suggest a semipersistent mode of transmission of PPSMV by A. cajani.

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Transmission characteristics of allexiviruses by the eriophyid mite, Aceria tulipae (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) from naturally mixed infected garlic (Allium sativum L.)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-317884/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Faten Mansouri ◽

Katja R. Richert-Pöggeler ◽

Mariusz Lewandowski ◽

Pavel Ryšánek

Keyword(s):

Allium Sativum ◽

Transmission Efficiency ◽

Allium Porrum ◽

Mixed Infections ◽

Transmission Characteristics ◽

Eriophyid Mite ◽

Access Period ◽

Aceria Tulipae ◽

Inoculation Access Period ◽

Mode Of Transmission

Abstract The transmission characteristics of members of the genus Allexivirus to leek (Allium porrum L.) by its eriophyid mite vector, Aceria tulipae (Keifer), were studied. Prior to conducting transmission tests, colonies of nonviruliferous A. tulipae were established on healthy leek seedlings. A single A. tulipae transmitted the viruses with up to 50 % efficiency but transmission efficiency increased when > 10 mites per plant were used. Allexiviruses were acquired by A. tulipae after a minimum acquisition access period (AAP) of 30 minutes, whereas transmission tests suggest that a one hour inoculation access period (IAP) was needed for successful transmission. Allexiviruses were transmitted from garlic to leek plants by A. tulipae and mixed infections by more than one virus were observed. ShVX, GarV-A, -C, -D, and -B were detected in most inoculated plants, whereas other members of the genus (GarV-E, -X, and GarMbFV) were found only occasionally. None of the mites that originated from eggs deposited on infected plants transmitted allexiviruses, indicating that the viruses are not transmitted transovarially. No latent period was demonstrated. Taken together, these data suggest a semipersistent mode of transmission of Allexivirus members by A. tulipae. The output of this study will assist in the better management of the vector and the associated diseases.

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Biology of the Transmission of Peach Mosaic Virus by Eriophyes insidiosus (Acari: Eriophyidae)

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1998.82.12.1371 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 82 (12) ◽

pp. 1371-1374 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Carmen Gispert ◽

George N. Oldfield ◽

Thomas M. Perring ◽

Rebecca Creamer

Keyword(s):

Latent Period ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Transmission Efficiency ◽

Acquisition Access Period ◽

Access Period ◽

Eriophyid Mites ◽

Inoculation Access Period

Experiments were undertaken to elucidate the characteristics of the transmission of peach mosaic virus (PMV) by Eriophyes insidiosus. Transmission efficiency by single E. insidiosus was as high as 17%. The minimum inoculation access period was between 3 and 6 h. E. insidiosus acquired the virus after a minimum acquisition access period of 3 days. No latent period was demonstrated. While most plant viruses which are transmitted by eriophyid mites are transmitted in a persistent mode, our data are more consistent with a semipersistent model.

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Immunofluorescent Localization of Tobacco Ringspot Nepovirus in the Vector Nematode Xiphinema americanum

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.1998.88.9.885 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 88 (9) ◽

pp. 885-889 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Shouhua Wang ◽

Rose C. Gererich

Keyword(s):

Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽

Plant Viruses ◽

Sensu Stricto ◽

Transmission Efficiency ◽

Polyclonal Antiserum ◽

Immunofluorescent Localization ◽

Acquisition Access Period ◽

Access Period ◽

Virus Retention ◽

Immunofluorescent Technique

An indirect immunofluorescent technique was developed to localize tobacco ringspot nepovirus (TRSV) in the vector nematode Xiphinema americanum sensu stricto. A population of this nematode that efficiently transmitted TRSV was given an acquisition access period of 10 days on TRSV-infected cucumber. Treatment of fragments of viruliferous nematodes with a polyclonal antiserum against TRSV followed by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G resulted in virus-specific bright fluorescence only in the lumen of the stylet extension and esophagus. Virus-specific fluorescent signals were observed in the virus-retention region of 44% of the nematode fragments examined. The percentage of nematodes labeled with virus-specific fluorescence increased as the acquisition access period increased from 0 to 22 days; the increase paralleled the increase in the transmission efficiency of the nematode population. Visualization of the entire virus-retention region of individual nematodes within a population of vector or nonvector nematodes provides a rapid and simple means of monitoring specific attachment of plant viruses.

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Transmission and Retention of Salmonella enterica by Phytophagous Hemipteran Insects

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01444-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (17) ◽

pp. 5447-5456 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

José Pablo Soto-Arias ◽

Russell L. Groves ◽

Jeri D. Barak

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Physical Contact ◽

Mechanical Transmission ◽

Content Type ◽

Acquisition Access Period ◽

Leaf Discs ◽

Plant Feeding ◽

Access Period ◽

Inoculation Access Period

ABSTRACTSeveral pest insects of human and livestock habitations are known as vectors ofSalmonella enterica; however, the role of plant-feeding insects as vectors ofS. entericato agricultural crops remains unexamined. Using a hemipteran insect pest-lettuce system, we investigated the potential for transmission and retention ofS. enterica. Specifically,Macrosteles quadrilineatusandMyzus persicaeinsects were fedS. enterica-inoculated lettuce leaf discs or artificial liquid diets confined in Parafilm sachets to allow physical contact or exclusively oral ingestion of the pathogen, respectively. After a 24-h acquisition access period, insects were moved onto two consecutive noninoculated leaf discs or liquid diets and allowed a 24-h inoculation access period on each of the two discs or sachets. Similar proportions of individuals from both species ingestedS. entericaafter a 24-h acquisition access period from inoculated leaf discs, but a significantly higher proportion ofM. quadrilineatusretained the pathogen internally after a 48-h inoculation access period.S. entericawas also recovered from the honeydew of both species. After a 48-h inoculation access period, bacteria were recovered from a significantly higher proportion of honeydew samples fromM. quadrilineatusthan fromM. persicaeinsects. The recovery ofS. entericafrom leaf discs and liquid diets postfeeding demonstrated that both species of insects were capable of transmitting the bacteria in ways that are not limited to mechanical transmission. Overall, these results suggest that phytophagous insects may serve as potential vectors ofS. entericain association with plants.

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Molecular Characterization of Rhynchosia mosaic virus-Puerto Rico Associated with Symptomatic Rhynchosia minima and Cajanus cajan in Puerto Rico

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.558c ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 558-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. M. Idris ◽

J. Bird ◽

D. M. Rogan ◽

J. K. Brown

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Cajanus Cajan ◽

Pcr Primers ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Begomovirus Species ◽

Nucleotide Identity ◽

The Core ◽

Pcr Products ◽

Viral Coat

A begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) has long been suspected to be associated with Rhynchosia mosaic (RhM) disease of Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC., a weed that is widespread in Puerto Rico (PR). The suspect virus has been transmitted by the Sida biotype of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and has been designated RhM virus-PR (RhMV-PR) (1) (synonym, Rhynchosia mosaic virus [RMV]). RhM symptoms in R. minima included yellow foliar mosaic and stunting. The virus has a broad experimental host range and infects species in the Fabaceae, including R. minima, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.), and Clitoria falcata L. (1). However, until now RhMV has not been identified from naturally infected pigeon pea or Clitoria falcata. R. minima and C. cajan plants exhibiting yellow foliar mosaic and stunting symptoms were collected in Puerto Rico. Using the B biotype of B. tabaci as the vector, their whitefly transmissibility from the respective source plant to R. minima and C. cajan test plants was confirmed, and symptoms in inoculated host were indistinguishable for both isolates. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and primers (2), three amplicons were obtained and cloned for each isolate. PCR products (1.1 and 2.1 kbp) were assembled (~200 nucleotide [nt] overlap) to yield an apparent full-length DNA A component (~2.6 kbp) containing the diagnostically informative viral coat protein gene (CP) and common region (CR-A). PCR primers were used to amplify the DNA B component segment (0.7 kbp) containing the CR-B (2). The DNA sequence for the core CP (533 nt) and full CP (750 nt) were compared with analogous sequences for well-studied begomoviruses, and CR-A and CR-B (153 nt) were compared for RhMV isolates. All isolates noted were obtained from GenBank. The core CP for isolates from R. minima (AF442117) and C. cajan (AY062025) shared 97.9% nucleotide identity (100% AA similarity) and the CR-A (AF442118) and CR-B (AF442119) sequences for R. minima and C. cajan isolates were ~96% identical, indicating the A and B components are of the same begomovirus. Comparison of the core CP sequence for an independent isolate from C. cajan from PR (AY028308) (4) with those for R. minima and C. cajan isolates indicated 95.5% (99.4% AA) and 96.2% (99.4% AA) nucleotide identity, respectively, indicating association of RhMV with both C. cajan samples. The recently archived core CP (533 nt) (AY028308) is actually of RhMV-PR, rather than a distinct begomovirus species, as indicated (4). Interestingly, the core CP of R. minima (AF442117) and C. cajan (AY062025) isolates were 91.7% (98.9% AA) and 92.3% (98.9% AA) identical, respectively, with a PR isolate from Clitoria falcata (AF070924), also confirming that RhMV-PR naturally infects Clitoria falcata. Analysis of the full CP for the R. minima and C. cajan isolates revealed that their closest relatives were Macroptilium mosaic virus (MaMV-PR) (AF176092) and Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV-PR) (M10070) at 89 and 84% nucleotide identity, respectively. Applying the 90% CP rule (3) to RhMV CP sequences, RhMV is a distinct begomovirus species. At least three begomoviruses, BGMV-PR, MaMV-PR, and RhMV-PR, naturally infect leguminous species in Puerto Rico. References: (1) J. Bird. Phytopathology 52:286, 1962. (2) A. M. Idris and J. K. Brown. Phytopathology 88:648, 1998. (3) M. A. Mayo and C. R. Pringle. J. Gen. Virol. 79:649, 1998. (4) R. L. Rodriguez et al. Plant Dis. 85:1119, 2001.

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