Efficacy of Double Nickel LC (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747 Strain) for Management of White Mold in Snap and Dry Bean

White mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a serious disease affecting snap and dry bean production. Management is reliant upon fungicides to protect flowers from infection by ascospores. The inability to use conventional fungicides in organic production represents a substantial hurdle, although products approved by the National Organic Program (NOP) offer a substitute for disease management. In many cases, copper-based products are central to disease management programs in organic production, but the potential for crop loss from premature flower abscission in snap and dry bean owing to phytotoxicity when applied at high temperatures and for other undesirable environmental outcomes has driven interest in biopesticides registered by the NOP as alternatives. Five small-plot, replicated field trials (three in snap bean and two in light red kidney bean) were conducted across three years (2016 to 2018) to evaluate the efficacy of the biopesticide Double Nickel LC (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747 strain) for the management of white mold. Trials were inoculated with S. sclerotiorum ascospores to ensure uniform disease potential. The incidence of white mold in plots receiving two applications of Double Nickel LC (2.34 liters/ha) was not significantly different from the conventional fungicide standards. No significant difference in white mold incidence was found between 2.34 and 4.68 liters/ha of Double Nickel LC in either crop. Responses in pod yield components from improved white mold management in either crop were variable. The potential of Double Nickel LC for use in organic production of snap and light red kidney bean for management of white mold is discussed.

Download Full-text

Response of Dry Bean Genotypes to Fusarium Root Rot, Caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, Under Field and Controlled Conditions

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-92-8-1197 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 92 (8) ◽

pp. 1197-1200 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

V. N. Bilgi ◽

C. A. Bradley ◽

S. D. Khot ◽

K. F. Grafton ◽

J. B. Rasmussen

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Solani ◽

Root Rot ◽

Field Trials ◽

Growth Chamber ◽

Fusarium Root Rot ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Layer Method ◽

Red Kidney Bean ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

High Level

Fusarium root rot of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, is a major yield-limiting disease in North Dakota and Minnesota. Although a few sources of partial resistance are available, most commercial cultivars grown in this region are susceptible, especially in the red kidney bean market class. This study evaluated three methods of screening for resistance to Fusarium root rot. A sand-cornmeal inoculum layer method, spore suspension method, and paper towel method were used to evaluate 11 dry bean genotypes for resistance to Fusarium root rot under growth-chamber conditions. These same genotypes were also evaluated in field trials at Fargo, ND, and Park Rapids and Perham, MN, in 2005. In all trials, the small red genotype VAX 3 was found to have a consistently high level of resistance to Fusarium root rot and could be used as a source of resistance by dry bean breeders. Correlation analyses between field and growth-chamber root rot ratings indicated that all three growth-chamber methods had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) positive correlations with field results from Perham and Fargo, which suggests that all three methods could be used to screen germplasm efficiently for resistance to Fusarium root rot.

Download Full-text

Rolled–crimped cereal rye residue suppresses white mold in no-till soybean and dry bean

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s174217051900022x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 599-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sarah J. Pethybridge ◽

Bryan J. Brown ◽

Julie R. Kikkert ◽

Matthew R. Ryan

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Organic Production ◽

White Mold ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Cereal Rye ◽

No Till ◽

Density And Biomass ◽

Sclerotial Germination

AbstractWhite mold caused by the fungus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating disease of soybean (Glycine max) and other leguminous crops, including dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Previous research has demonstrated that no-till planting soybean into rolled–crimped cereal rye residue can enhance weed management, improve soil health and reduce labor requirements in organic production. However, there are limited data on the effects of cereal rye residue on white mold suppression in no-till planted soybean and dry bean. Two field trials were conducted in 2016–2017 (Year 1) and repeated in 2017–2018 (Year 2) to evaluate the potential of cereal rye cover crop residue to suppress white mold in these crops. In each trial (soybean and dry bean), the experimental design was a randomized complete block with two treatments: (1) rolled–crimped cereal rye residue and (2) no cover crop control. Treatment effects on plant population, biomass and yield components varied between the main crops. Compared with the control treatment, cereal rye residue reduced the incidence of white mold in soybean in both years and in dry bean in Year 2. The reduction in white mold in cereal rye residue plots was due to a combination of (1) decreased sclerotial germination (no stipes formed) and (2) increased nonfunctional sclerotial germination defined here as sclerotia that germinated but produced stipes without the expanded cup where asci containing ascospores are formed. Weed density and biomass were lower in cereal rye residue plots in soybean and dry bean, except in Year 1 in soybean when weed biomass was low in both treatments. Our findings indicate that cereal rye residue could help organic and conventional farmers manage white mold in no-till planted soybean and dry bean. Germination of sclerotia resulting in nonfunctional apothecia could potentially exhaust soilborne inoculum in the upper soil profile and reduce infections in subsequent crops.

Download Full-text

Effect of Halosulfuron Applied Preplant Incorporated, Preemergence, and Postemergence on Dry Bean

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-09-047.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 535-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nader Soltani ◽

Robert E. Nurse ◽

Christy Shropshire ◽

Peter H. Sikkema

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Field Trials ◽

Kidney Bean ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Dry Bean ◽

White Bean ◽

Bean Yield ◽

Adequate Margin ◽

Significant Injury

Five field trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (2007, 2008) at various locations in Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, small red Mexican (SRM), and white bean to halosulfuron applied PPI, PRE, and POST at 35 and 70 g ai/ha. There was minimal injury (3% or less) with halosulfuron applied PPI or PRE in dry bean. At Exeter and Ridgetown, halosulfuron applied POST at 35 and 70 g/ha caused 3 to 5% and 4 to 8% injury in dry bean, respectively at 1 wk after herbicide application (WAA). The injury was transient with no significant injury at 2 and 4 WAA. At Harrow, halosulfuron POST at 35 and 70 g/ha caused as much as 4% injury at 35 g/ha and 14% injury at 70 g/ha in dry bean. Halosulfuron applied PPI, PRE, and POST at 35 and 70 g/ha caused no decrease in plant height of dry bean except for kidney bean, which was reduced 6% at 70 g/ha, and white bean, which was reduced 3% at both 35 and 70 g/ha. Halosulfuron applied PPI, PRE, and POST at 35 and 70 g/ha caused no decrease in dry bean yield except for kidney bean, which was reduced 9% at 35 g/ha and 10% at 70 g/ha; otebo bean, which was reduced 3% at 70 g/ha; and white bean, which was reduced 7% at both 35 and 70 g/ha. On the basis of these results, there is an adequate margin of crop safety in dry bean to halosulfuron applied PPI or PRE at 35 and 70 g/ha. In addition, there is an adequate margin of crop safety in black, cranberry, pink, pinto, and SRM bean to halosulfuron applied POST at 35 and 70 g/ha. However, further research is required to ascertain the tolerance of kidney, otebo, and white bean to halosulfuron applied POST.

Download Full-text

Mycotoxins in apples coming from organic production and integrated pest management

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/246/2020-cjfs ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pavla Sehonova ◽

Michaela Nemeckova ◽

Lucie Plhalova ◽

Petr Marsalek ◽

Veronika Doubkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Integrated Pest Management ◽

Pest Management ◽

Ochratoxin A ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Production Management ◽

Kojic Acid ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Organic Production ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of important mycotoxins often contaminating fruits, in particular aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, patulin, and an indicator of fungal metabolism – kojic acid, in dried apples from organic production and integrated pest management with origin in the Czech Republic. Regardless of the production management, both aflatoxin B1 and patulin concentrations were below the limit of quantification. Ochratoxin A was present in all samples examined in our study with concentrations ranging from 4.22 to 15.99 µg kg–1. Kojic acid concentrations ranged from 3.57 to 9.44 mg kg–1. However, no significant difference in ochratoxin A and kojic acid concentrations was found between samples coming from integrated pest management and samples coming from organic agriculture. The results of this study show that apples originating in organic production or integrated pest management have, under the same independent conditions, an equal probability of containing (or omitting) similar levels of the investigated mycotoxins. Moreover, these results, while demonstrating safe levels of some mycotoxins in different agricultural practices also highlight gaps in knowledge and legislation that may have direct and crucial effects on human health.

Download Full-text

Mechanical and Chemical Weed Control Systems for Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00042755 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 174-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Orvin C. Burnside ◽

Melvin J. Wiens ◽

Norman H. Krause ◽

Sanford Weisberg ◽

Eric A. Ristau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Kidney Bean ◽

White Mold ◽

Bean Seed ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Seed Yields ◽

Mechanical Weed Control

Various chemical and mechanical weed control treatments for kidney bean production were evaluated on irrigated, sandy loam sites from 1993 to 1995 near Staples, MN. Weed biomass can be controlled either mechanically or chemically, but a combination of the two gave the most effective and dependable weed control over years. Good weed control by either mechanical or chemical means reduced white mold infection of dry bean because of better aeration of dry bean plants and thus less favorable conditions for infection. Dry bean seed yields were inversely related to weed yields, and weed competition was similar from indigenous stands of either grass or broadleaf weeds. Row cultivation was more effective than rotary hoeing for controlling weeds, reducing white mold infection of dry bean, and increasing dry bean seed yields.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Rotational Biopesticide Programs for Disease Management in Organic Cucurbit Production

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-16-0252-re ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 (11) ◽

pp. 2226-2233 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sasha C. Marine ◽

Mason J. Newark ◽

Robert C. Korir ◽

Kathryne L. Everts

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Field Trials ◽

Management Program ◽

Organic Production ◽

Podosphaera Xanthii ◽

Management Option ◽

Resistance Development ◽

Pathogen Populations ◽

Organically Managed

Downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) are two of the most economically important and widespread cucurbit diseases. Disease management relies primarily on fungicide use, but frequent fungicide applications can lead to the development of resistant pathogen populations. In addition, more vegetables are being produced with organic practices, which prohibit the use of many fungicides. Incorporating biorational products into a disease management program may help mitigate the risk of fungicide resistance development while being compatible with organic production. Field trials were conducted for two years on organically managed land in Maryland with cucumber, muskmelon, pumpkin, and butternut squash to evaluate the efficacy of four biorational products (i.e., Actinovate AG, OxiDate, Regalia, and Serenade Soil) when applied in a rotational program with copper against foliar cucurbit diseases. Generally, all biorational treatments resulted in significantly lower downy and powdery mildew severity compared with the nontreated plants, but the level of disease management was not significantly different than that provided by copper alone. However, Actinovate AG, OxiDate, and Serenade Soil each improved disease management on at least one crop, as compared with copper alone. Rotational programs with biopesticides are a viable disease management option for organic production of field-grown cucurbits in Maryland.

Download Full-text

Bacterial wilt resistance in kidney beans

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps08074 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 88 (6) ◽

pp. 1109-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Robert L Conner ◽

Parthiba Balasubramanian ◽

R. Scott Erickson ◽

Henry C Huang ◽

H. -Henning Mündel

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Kidney Bean ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Canadian Prairies ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Wilt Resistance ◽

Bacterial Wilt Resistance ◽

Yellow Orange ◽

Red Kidney Bean ◽

Color Variants

Bacterial wilt, caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, is a widespread problem of dry beans on the Canadian prairies and is listed as a quarantine disease by some countries. The development of resistant cultivars is one of the most effective methods for controlling bacterial wilt. Fourteen kidney bean cultivars were screened against the three variants (yellow, orange and purple) of C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens. High levels of resistance to the three variants were observed in the light red kidney bean cultivars AC Litekid, Chinook 2000 and Redkanner as well as the dark red kidney bean cultivars Cabernet and Red Hawk. These five resistant kidney bean cultivars should be useful sources of bacterial wilt resistance in dry bean breeding programs. Neither of the two white kidney bean cultivars tested consistently showed high levels of resistance to all of the color variants of the bacterial wilt pathogen. Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, kidney bean, bacterial wilt, Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. faccumfaciens, yellow variant, orange variant, purple variant, resistance

Download Full-text