Why Variation in Flower Color May Help Reproductive Success in the Endangered Australian Orchid Caladenia fulva

Caladenia fulva G.W. Carr (Tawny Spider-orchid) is a terrestrial Australian endangered orchid confined to contiguous reserves in open woodland in Victoria, Australia. Natural recruitment is poor and no confirmed pollinator has been observed in the last 30 years. Polymorphic variation in flower color complicates plans for artificial pollination, seed collection and ex situ propagation for augmentation or re-introduction. DNA sequencing showed that there was no distinction among color variants in the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the chloroplast trnT-trnF and matK regions. Also, authentic specimens of both C. fulva and Caladenia reticulata from the reserves clustered along with these variants, suggesting free interbreeding. Artificial cross-pollination in situ and assessment of seed viability further suggested that no fertility barriers existed among color variants. Natural fruit set was 15% of the population and was proportional to numbers of the different flower colors but varied with orchid patch within the population. Color modeling on spectral data suggested that a hymenopteran pollinator could discriminate visually among color variants. The similarity in fruiting success, however, suggests that flower color polymorphism may avoid pollinator habituation to specific non-rewarding flower colors. The retention of large brightly colored flowers suggests that C. fulva has maintained attractiveness to foraging insects rather than evolving to match a scarce unreliable hymenopteran sexual pollinator. These results suggest that C. fulva should be recognized as encompassing plants with these multiple flower colors, and artificial pollination should use all variants to conserve the biodiversity of the extant population.

Metal for the masses: how indie metal labels have adapted for the digital era

One of the areas that has most readily adapted to the changing musical environment is within metal music culture. Dedicated fans have taken responsibility upon themselves to create smaller record labels that specialize both in bringing attention to new, rising bands, as well as to do the laborious work that is needed to make sure that historical, out-of-print metal albums continue to receive new listeners. Their dedication has resulted in tightly-woven communities between these labels, the bands, and music fans, and this has contributed to the resurgence of physical mediums including vinyl and cassettes. Strategies are discussed that help push sales of physical media, including the release of special and elaborate versions of albums, often with unique packaging, or with limited color variants of vinyl editions. This article includes interviews with individuals that run underground metal labels and that host metal music streams, and they share their experience of how metal has changed as the music industry and the consumption of music has moved into the digital era, and the pros and cons that come with that, including perceptions about streaming and streaming services. Comparisons are made between major corporate labels and indie record labels, and the proactive role of indie labels in keeping musical subcultures thriving is assessed.

ARZARA: Augmented reality app to try watch on your wrist

Whenever we visit a showroom to buy a watch, we are unable to try all color variants of watches due to unavailability and also if a watch is tried by too many customers it loses its shine and finishing. We tried to overcome this problem by our Augmented reality app called “Arzara”. This Augmented reality app lets customers see how a particular watch model looks on their hand without physically trying the watch. It will not only prevent degradation of polish of watches due to repeated wear by different customers at offline stores but also this new Augmented Reality watch app will make online watch shopping take off. It will make it easier for customers to make decisions and purchase watches.

The ghost of climatic change in the geographic distribution of Tillandsia aeranthos (Bromeliaceae)

The geographic distribution of Tillandsia aeranthos is updated with new records. Its southern limit is extended 200 kilometers in a zone previously studied by many botanists and naturalists, but also in poorly explored areas. For this reason, the possibility that the change in distribution is recent is postulated and discussed. The coincidence of this change with the southward shift in the isohyets and the decrease of winter frost frequency are highlighted as a possible cause of the advance to the south. In addition, two petal color variants of this species are first mentioned for Argentina. The new findings display that it is necessary to further explore some dry forests of eastern Buenos Aires and study the possible consequences of the climatic change in the biota of South America.

Geographical and chronological variability of the conchological characters of the mollusc Fruticicola fruticum (O.F.Müller, 1774) (Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Bradybaenidae) in the Eastern Europe

The population structure of the terrestrial mollusk (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Bradybaenidae) in different landscapes of Eastern Europe on the basis of conchological measurements, including morphometric parameters and color variants was studied. For all morphometric parameters used, statistically significant differences were found between the studied populations. At the same time, the shell size are determined not by zonal characteristics, but by microbiotopic conditions. Changes in the frequency of shell phenotypes in Fr. fruticum populations are probably of a multifactorial nature. The ratio of different color variants can be caused by the influence of radiation, cyclic fluctuations of climatic factors, succession changes in biotopes, and gene drift.

PENGUJIAN HIPOTESIS STATISTIK PENGGUNAAN WARNA CAT TERHADAP PENGARUH HARGA JUAL MOBIL

- In Indonesia there are several types of cars that are marketed such as LCGC (Low Cost Green Car), Hatchback, Sedan, MPV (Multi Purposes Vehicle), SUV (Sport Utility Vehicle), and Crossover. In addition to types and facilities, car manufacturers also apply different prices for certain types of paint-colored cars. Knowing the reasons for car manufacturers in distinguishing prices from the colors of paint used is not yet sufficiently understood. There are 7 color variants namely Crystal Black Pearl, White Orchid Pearl, Modern Steel Metallic, Red Rallye, Lunar Silver Metallic, Deep Ocean Blue and Purplish Gray Metallic. Special White Orchid Pearl colors are subject to an additional fee of Rp. 3 million, and in addition to the color Rallye Red is subject to an additional fee of Rp.1.5 million from the initial price of Rp.381.5 Million (OTR) for type 1.8 L and P-CVT. Each car manufacturer has its own distinctive color. Therefore, this study provides an analysis of the decision of the producer to provide the selling price of the car calculated using the SWOT method. The coordinates of the probability (O) and strength (S) of producer H are found, meaning that they support an aggressive strategy of producing cars with color variants and quantitative results of the statistical hypothesis showing a positive correlation, with a scale of KR 0.95.Keywords—SWOT, Correlation Coefficient, Hypothesis Statistics, Car Paint Color, Effect of Car Selling PricesAbstrak - Di Indonesia ada beberapa tipe mobil yang dipasarkan seperti LCGC(Low Cost Green Car), Hatchback, Sedan, MPV(Multi Purposes Vehicle), SUV(Sport Utility Vehicle), dan juga Crossover. Selain tipe dan fasilitas, produsen mobil juga menerapkan harga berbeda untuk tipe mobil berwarna cat tertentu. Mengetahui alasan produsen mobil dalam membedakan harga dari warna cat yang digunakan belum cukup dipahami. Terdapat 7 varian warna yaitu Crystal Black Pearl, White Orchid Pearl, Modern Steel Metallic, Rallye Red, Lunar Silver Metallic, Deep Ocean Blue dan Purplish Gray Metallic. Khusus warna White Orchid Pearl dikenakan biaya tambahan sebesar Rp.3 juta, dan selain warna Rallye Red dikenakan biaya tambahan sebesar Rp.1,5 juta dari harga awal Rp.381,5 Juta (OTR) untuk type 1.8 L dan P-CVT. Tiap produsen mobil memiliki ciri khas warna masing – masing. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyampaikan analisa keputusan produsen memberikan harga jual mobil dihitung menggunakan metoda SWOT. Didapati kordinat kuadran peluang(O) dan kekuatan(S) dari produsen H, artinya mendukung strategi agresif memproduksi mobil dengan varian warna dan hasil kuantitatif hipotesis statistik menunjukkan korelasi bersifat positif, dengan skala KR 0,95.Kata kunci—SWOT, Koefisien Korelasi, Statistik Hipotesis, Warna Cat Mobil, Pengaruh Harga Jual Mobil.