Evaluation of Rotational Biopesticide Programs for Disease Management in Organic Cucurbit Production

Downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) are two of the most economically important and widespread cucurbit diseases. Disease management relies primarily on fungicide use, but frequent fungicide applications can lead to the development of resistant pathogen populations. In addition, more vegetables are being produced with organic practices, which prohibit the use of many fungicides. Incorporating biorational products into a disease management program may help mitigate the risk of fungicide resistance development while being compatible with organic production. Field trials were conducted for two years on organically managed land in Maryland with cucumber, muskmelon, pumpkin, and butternut squash to evaluate the efficacy of four biorational products (i.e., Actinovate AG, OxiDate, Regalia, and Serenade Soil) when applied in a rotational program with copper against foliar cucurbit diseases. Generally, all biorational treatments resulted in significantly lower downy and powdery mildew severity compared with the nontreated plants, but the level of disease management was not significantly different than that provided by copper alone. However, Actinovate AG, OxiDate, and Serenade Soil each improved disease management on at least one crop, as compared with copper alone. Rotational programs with biopesticides are a viable disease management option for organic production of field-grown cucurbits in Maryland.

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Fitness of Erysiphe necator with G143A-Based Resistance to Quinone Outside Inhibitors

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-13-1202-re ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (11) ◽

pp. 1494-1502 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Lynn Esther E. Rallos ◽

Nels G. Johnson ◽

David G. Schmale ◽

Aaron J. Prussin ◽

Anton B. Baudoin

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Field Trials ◽

Resistance Development ◽

Erysiphe Necator ◽

Potted Plants ◽

Sterol Demethylation Inhibitors ◽

Quinone Outside Inhibitors ◽

Competition Assays ◽

Qoi Resistance

Management of grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) using quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) has eroded in an increasing number of regions due to resistance development. To determine persistence of resistance when QoIs are withdrawn, competition assays were conducted on unsprayed grape plants (Vitis vinifera ‘Chardonnay’) by cycling mixtures of resistant and sensitive isolates characterized as genetically diverse based on microsatellite analyses. Under laboratory conditions, %G143A, quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), increased significantly, indicating competitiveness of the resistant fraction. To confirm competitiveness in the field, trials using potted plants were conducted. Percent G143A tended to decrease in one growing season, probably due to spore migration and mixing of populations with natural background inoculum. In a second season, QoI resistance persisted at high frequency for 4 weeks. Resistant populations were also found to persist in one vineyard without QoI application for four consecutive years. The frequency was still about 25% in the fourth year, with higher frequency (36%) in a hotspot section. QoI-resistant populations with >5% G143A also harbored Y136F in the cyp51 gene that confers some resistance to sterol demethylation inhibitors, another fungicide class for powdery mildew control. Double resistance could have been partly responsible for persistence of QoI resistance at this location.

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Disease management in Hawkes Bay apple orchards converting to organic production

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2000.53.3639 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K.G. Tate ◽

D.W. Manktelow ◽

J.T. Walker ◽

H. Stiefel

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Powdery Mildew ◽

Disease Control ◽

Black Spot ◽

Organic Production ◽

Apple Orchards ◽

Organic Orchards

Disease control achieved by 10 apple growers converting to organics during the 199798 and 199899 seasons is reported Two orchards experienced black spot outbreaks each season while the remainder averaged 05 spotted fruit Powdery mildew was severe in 199798 but acceptable in 199899 Fruit rots after coolstorage averaged 011 for different varieties in 199798 and 030 in 199899 Fungicide applications averaged 116 in 199798 and 184 in 199899 which was a net increase in chemical use Copper use was below 3 kg/ha/year The mostused spray programme was a greentip copper three prebloom limesulphurs sulphur/copper bloom sprays and sulphur or sulphur/ copper sprays thereafter Results showed that acceptable disease control is achievable in organic orchards but summer and core rots remain a concern

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Efficacy of Double Nickel LC (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747 Strain) for Management of White Mold in Snap and Dry Bean

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-01-19-0006-rs ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 61-66

Author(s):

Sarah J. Pethybridge ◽

Beth K. Gugino ◽

Julie R. Kikkert

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽

Production Management ◽

Field Trials ◽

Organic Production ◽

Kidney Bean ◽

White Mold ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Red Kidney Bean

White mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a serious disease affecting snap and dry bean production. Management is reliant upon fungicides to protect flowers from infection by ascospores. The inability to use conventional fungicides in organic production represents a substantial hurdle, although products approved by the National Organic Program (NOP) offer a substitute for disease management. In many cases, copper-based products are central to disease management programs in organic production, but the potential for crop loss from premature flower abscission in snap and dry bean owing to phytotoxicity when applied at high temperatures and for other undesirable environmental outcomes has driven interest in biopesticides registered by the NOP as alternatives. Five small-plot, replicated field trials (three in snap bean and two in light red kidney bean) were conducted across three years (2016 to 2018) to evaluate the efficacy of the biopesticide Double Nickel LC (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens D747 strain) for the management of white mold. Trials were inoculated with S. sclerotiorum ascospores to ensure uniform disease potential. The incidence of white mold in plots receiving two applications of Double Nickel LC (2.34 liters/ha) was not significantly different from the conventional fungicide standards. No significant difference in white mold incidence was found between 2.34 and 4.68 liters/ha of Double Nickel LC in either crop. Responses in pod yield components from improved white mold management in either crop were variable. The potential of Double Nickel LC for use in organic production of snap and light red kidney bean for management of white mold is discussed.

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Genotype and Approved Fungicide Evaluation for Reducing Leaf Spot Diseases in Organically-Managed Peanut

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-2010-1027-01-rs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dylan Q. Wann ◽

R. Scott Tubbs ◽

Albert K. Culbreath

Keyword(s):

Leaf Spot ◽

Field Trials ◽

Organic Production ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Organic Management ◽

Late Leaf Spot ◽

Stand Establishment ◽

Synthetic Pesticide ◽

Secondary Objective ◽

Organically Managed

Growers interested in organic peanut (Arachis hypogaea) production need information to identify genotypes and acceptable fungicides for control of early and late leaf spot where synthetic pesticide applications are absent. Field trials were conducted in 2008-2010 to evaluate eleven peanut genotypes for leaf spot resistance and yield potential under organic management. CRSP 983 and Georganic demonstrated the greatest resistance to early and late leaf spot (18 to 59% and 34 to 52% defoliation, respectively), but Florida-07, Georgia-06G, and Tifguard produced the largest yields (2454 to 5424 kg/ha, 3758 kg/ha, and 1760 to 4030 kg/ha, respectively). Tifguard exhibited the best combination of stand establishment, disease resistance, and yield potential of all genotypes and would be a strong option for growers pursuing organic production. Florida-07 and Georgia-06G are also formidable options. A secondary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of three approved fungicides for leaf spot control on peanut under organic management. Copper sulfate + Bacillus subtilis reduced leaf spot defoliation compared to the control. Yet, all three fungicides improved yields under heavy leaf spot pressure. Combining high-yielding, disease-resistant cultivars and organically approved fungicides can significantly improve leaf spot management and yield potential of peanut under organic management. Accepted for publication 2 September 2011. Published 27 October 2011.

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Tine Cultivation Effects on Weed Control, Productivity, and Economics of Peanut under Organic Management

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/ps10-22.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 101-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

D.Q. Wann ◽

R.S. Tubbs ◽

W.C. Johnson ◽

A.R. Smith ◽

N.B. Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Growing Season ◽

Field Trials ◽

Organic Production ◽

Annual Grass ◽

Organic Management ◽

Net Revenue ◽

Peanut Cultivars ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Organically Managed

ABSTRACT Identifying effective weed control regimes for organic peanut is paramount for improving the feasibility of organic production. Tine cultivation is a proven effective method for reducing in-row weed populations in several crops. Field trials were therefore conducted in 2008 and 2009 to assess the effects of tine cultivation combined with sweep cultivation and supplemental hand-weeding on weed control and overall productivity of two peanut cultivars under organic management. Tine cultivation regimes consisted of two frequencies (once per week or twice per week) for three durations (3 wk, 4 wk, or 5 wk). All cultivation treatments were also cultivated with flat sweeps at least once and hand-weeded periodically during the growing season. A non-cultivated, non-weeded control was included for comparison. All cultivation treatments significantly reduced annual grass populations in 2008 and Florida pusley populations both years. Cultivated treatments also resulted in denser plant stands for peanut (9.2 plants/m to 13.2 plants/m) than the non-cultivated control (5.9 plants/m to 7.9 plants/m). Pod yields in cultivated treatments ranged from 3502 kg/ha to 3823 kg/ha and were all significantly greater than yields in the non-cultivated control (1630 kg/ha). Also, net revenues generated by cultivated treatments ranged from ($3333/ha to $3637/ha) and were greater than that of the control ($1795/ha). Cultivation frequency had little effect on weed control and peanut productivity. However, the 4- and 5-wk durations displayed potential for improving peanut yield, grade, and net revenue over the 3-wk duration, especially when annual grass weeds were predominant. Cultivating once weekly for 4 or 5 wk with a tine cultivator, along with at least one sweep cultivation and supplemental hand-weeding, is a viable, economical option for providing adequate weed control and maximizing productivity of organically-managed peanut at current market premiums.

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225 Anaemia in a heart failure disease management program: iron deficiency or anaemia of chronic disease

European Journal of Heart Failure Supplements ◽

10.1016/s1567-4215(03)90147-0 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

E RYAN ◽

M LEDWIDGE ◽

K MCDONALD

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Disease Management ◽

Disease Management Program ◽

Management Program ◽

Anaemia Of Chronic Disease ◽

Heart Failure Disease Management

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Transition im Disease Management Program (DMP) – Altersspezische Unterschiede am Beispiel der medikamentösen Versorgung der Teilnehmer am DMP Asthma bronchiale in der Region Nordrhein

Pneumologie ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1367881 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

A Weber ◽

S Groos ◽

B Hagen ◽

J Kretschmann ◽

L Altenhofen

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Disease Management Program ◽

Asthma Bronchiale ◽

Management Program

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Transgenic Expression of the Functional Fragment Hpa110-42 of the Harpin Protein Hpa1 Imparts Enhanced Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Wheat

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-07-13-0687-re ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (4) ◽

pp. 448-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Defu Wang ◽

Yajun Wang ◽

Maoqiang Fu ◽

Shuyuan Mu ◽

Bing Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Powdery Mildew ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Effective Control ◽

Transgenic Expression ◽

Rice Bacterial Blight ◽

Harpin Protein ◽

Transgenic Lines ◽

Bacterial Blight Pathogen ◽

Pathogen Populations

Powdery mildew, one of devastating diseases of wheat worldwide, is caused by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. tritici, a fungal species with constant population changes, which often poses challenges in disease management with host resistance. Transgenic approaches that utilize broad-spectrum resistance may limit changes of pathogen populations and contribute to effective control of the disease. The harpin protein Hpa1, produced by the rice bacterial blight pathogen, can induce resistance to bacterial blight and blast in rice. The fragment comprising residues 10 through 42 of Hpa1, Hpa110-42, is reportedly three- to eightfold more effective than the full-length protein. This study evaluated the transgenic expression of the Hpa110-42 gene for resistance to powdery mildew in wheat caused by E. graminis f. sp. tritici. Nine Hpa110-42 transgenic wheat lines were generated. The genomic integration of Hpa110-42 was confirmed, and expression of the transgene was detected at different levels in the individual transgenic lines. Following inoculation with the E. graminis f. sp. tritici isolate Egt15 in the greenhouse, five transgenic lines had significantly higher levels of resistance to powdery mildew compared with nontransformed plants. Thus, transgenic expression of Hpa110-42 conferred resistance to one isolate of E. graminis f. sp. tritici in wheat in the greenhouse.

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