scholarly journals Diagnostic Guide: Fusarium Crown Rot of Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina H. Hagerty ◽  
Tessa Irvine ◽  
Hannah M. Rivedal ◽  
Chuntao Yin ◽  
Duncan R. Kroese
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Morphological Diagnosis ◽  
Important Disease

Fusarium crown rot of winter wheat is an economically important disease in most regions where winter wheat is grown. Fusarium crown rot is caused by Fusarium culmorum and F. pseudograminearum. This diagnostic guide details information to aid in field, molecular, and morphological diagnosis of Fusarium crown rot.

scholarly journals Original Article. Geographic distribution of Fusarium culmorum chemotypes associated with wheat crown rot in Iraq

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oadi N. Matny ◽  
Scott T Bates ◽  
Zewei Song
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 Alpha ◽  
Important Disease

Abstract Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is an important disease of wheat and other grains that has had a significant impact on cereal crop production worldwide. Fusarium species associated with FCR can also produce powerful trichothecenes mycotoxins that pose a considerable health risk to humans and animals that consume infected grains. In this study we examined Fusarium species of wheat from different regions of Iraq that showed FCR symptoms. Twenty-nine isolates were collected overall, and the marker gene translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF-1α) was sequenced in order to determine their taxonomic identities. All isolates were determined to be F. culmorum, and primers targeting tri-cluster genes were used in order to further characterize isolates into specific trichothecene chemotype strains. Five of the 29 isolates were determined to be the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype, while the rest of the isolates recovered were the deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotype. All DON-type isolates produced 3Ac-DON, while the 15Ac-DON-type was not detected. The majority of the NIV-type isolates originated from wheat growing regions in the mid-latitudes of Iraq, while the DON-type isolates were recovered from areas distributed broadly across the country. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the distribution of specific F. culmorum chemotypes from FCR diseased wheat in Iraq.

scholarly journals Variability of Fusarium Crown Rot Tolerances Among Cultivars of Spring and Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 954-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Smiley ◽  
Hui Yan
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Tolerance Response

Crown rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum reduces the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Oregon. Observations of crown rot symptoms in traditional breeding and yield testing nurseries have not been useful for describing tolerance ratings of wheat cultivars. Yield data from inoculated experiments were therefore evaluated to determine if differences in cultivar response could be identified. A comparison of yields in inoculated and noninoculated plots was made for one group of spring wheat entries and four groups of winter wheat entries. Significant differences among spring wheat entries were identified and were validated against standards for tolerance and intolerance to F. pseudograminearum in Australia. Locally adapted and Australian standards exhibited a comparable range of yield reduction due to inoculation. Spring wheat tolerance reactions can be accurately described using as few as 24 yield comparisons. However, this screening method will not be practical for winter wheat due to stronger effects of year and location on the phenotypic tolerance response, requiring about 95 yield comparisons to accurately define the crown rot phenotype of a winter wheat cultivar.

scholarly journals Survey of Fusarium spp. Causing Wheat Crown Rot in Major Winter Wheat Growing Regions of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1610-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-xiang Zhang ◽  
Hai-yan Sun ◽  
Cheng-mei Shen ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Han-shou Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Asiaticum ◽  
Predominant Pathogen

Fusarium crown rot of wheat has become more prevalent in China. To investigate the phylogenetic structure of Fusarium causing wheat crown rot in China, wheat basal stems with symptoms of the disease were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. In total, 175 Fusarium isolates were collected and their mycotoxin chemotypes and distribution were identified. Among the 175 isolates, 123 were Fusarium asiaticum; 95 of these were the chemotype 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 28 were nivalenol (NIV). Thirty-seven isolates belonged to F. graminearum, which were all 15-AcDON. Smaller numbers of isolates consisted of F. acuminatum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. avenaceum. The virulence of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates on wheat crowns and heads was comparable. The virulence of isolates of the DON and NIV chemotype were statistically similar, but DON tended to be more aggressive. The DON concentrations in grains from wheat heads inoculated with isolates causing either Fusarium head blight or crown rot were similar. In the five provinces, F. asiaticum of the 3-AcDON chemotype was the predominant pathogen causing crown rot, followed by F. graminearum. Recent changes in causal Fusarium species, chemotypes, and distribution in China are discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of fusarium crown rot resistance in wheat to Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium pseudogramineaum using real time PCR

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 105204
Author(s):  
Fatih Ozdemir ◽  
N. Kemal Koc ◽  
Timothy Paulitz ◽  
Julie M. Nicol ◽  
Kurtis L. Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot

scholarly journals Influence of Semiarid Cropping Systems on Root Diseases and Inoculum Density of Soilborne Pathogens

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Smiley ◽  
Stephen Machado ◽  
Jennifer A. Gourlie ◽  
Larry C. Pritchett ◽  
Guiping Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
The United States ◽  
Inoculum Density ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
No Till ◽  
Chemical Fallow

There is interest in converting the 2-year rotation of rainfed winter wheat with cultivated fallow in the Pacific Northwest of the United States into direct-seed (no-till) systems that include chemical fallow, spring cereals, and food-legume and brassica crops. Eight cropping systems in a low-precipitation region (<330 mm) were compared over 9 years to determine effects of changes on diseases. Fusarium crown rot was more prevalent in wheat following cultivated than chemical fallow, and Rhizoctonia root rot was more severe when winter wheat was rotated with chemical fallow than with no-till winter pea. Take-all occurred even during the driest years and was more severe on annual spring wheat than on annual spring barley. Inoculum density (picograms of DNA per gram of soil) differed (α < 0.05) among cropping systems for Fusarium culmorum, F. pseudograminearum, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and Pythium spp. but not for Rhizoctonia solani AG-8. Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella was detected only where winter pea was planted frequently. This is the first report of P. medicaginis as a component of the dryland stem rot complex of pea in north-central Oregon. Results of this investigation will provide guidance for developing crop species with resistance to Fusarium crown rot and black stem of pea.

scholarly journals MATING TYPE CHARACTERIZATION OF FUSARIUM CULMORUM STRAINS CAUSING WHEAT CROWN ROT IN IRAQ

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Oadi N. Matny ◽  
Scott T. Bates ◽  
Sattar A. Shamsallah ◽  
Zewei Song
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Mating Compatibility ◽  
Latitude Region

Fusarium crown rot (CR) of wheat is one of the most important diseases known from regions of the world where cereal crops are produced. In this study, we examined the mating types of F. culmorum CR strains isolated across Iraq, including more arid regions within the country. The result showed two mating compatibility (MAT) type idiomorphs of F. culmorum are present in Iraq, with 27.6% of the isolates examined representing the MAT-1 type and 72.4% representing the MAT-2 type. The MAT-1 type was commonly found among isolates from the mid-latitudes of Iraq, this being a warmer and drier region as compared to the country’s northern region; however, it was also detected from one isolate from a northern site. The MAT-2 type, however, was more broadly distributed across Iraq and was also detected among many isolates from the mid-latitude region. Thus specific biogeographic patterns were not apparent for mating compatibility idiomorphs. The mating types characterized here were also compared to chemotypes known for these same isolates and characterized in a previous study. This comparison revealed the MAT-1 type was found only among DON chemotype isolates, while the MAT-2 type was found among both DON and NIV chemotype isolates. Thus, there does not appear to be a direct correspondence between chemotype and mating compatibility idiomorphs within Iraq. Overall, a broader sampling across the country with more isolates being examined at each site is advised.

scholarly journals Phosphorus supply does not affect Fusarium crown rot of winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Hagerty ◽  
Katherine McLaughlin ◽  
Duncan R Kroese ◽  
Larry Lutcher
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
The Impact

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a major limitation to the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) industry in the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW), USA. Genetic resistance to FCR is poorly understood and major-gene resistance is not available in adapted cultivars. Chemical control is ineffective and crop rotations, which disrupt cycles of the disease, are not feasible in the region’s precipitation-limited climate. Cultural control methods are the only realistic option for farmers who struggle to minimize the impact of this disease. It is well-established that FCR is favored by moisture-limited environments and an oversupply of plant-available nitrogen in soil. Effects of the supply of phosphorus in soil have not been clearly delineated. We conducted a two-year FCR experiment at two locations in the low precipitation (< 30 cm) zone of north-central Oregon. Phosphorus fertilizer was applied in-furrow, at rates of 0, 5, and 15 kg P ha-1, to plots planted with either a hard red or soft white winter wheat cultivar. The 15 kg P ha-1 application rate increased tissue phosphorus concentration, early season dry matter, and phosphorus uptake at both locations and both years of this study. Phosphorus treatment had no effect on grain yield, protein, or test weight. Phosphorus had no effect on the severity of FCR. This research improved our knowledge of cultural management boundaries as they relate to the control of FCR.

scholarly journals Exploring the Potential of Meyerozyma guilliermondii on Physiological Performances and Defense Response against Fusarium Crown Rot on Durum Wheat

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Zayneb Kthiri ◽  
Maissa Ben Jabeur ◽  
Fadia Chairi ◽  
Camilo López-Cristoffanini ◽  
Marta López-Carbonell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fusarium Culmorum ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Seed Coating ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Meyerozyma Guilliermondii

Coating seeds with bio-control agents is a potentially effective approach to reduce the usage of pesticides and fertilizers applied and protect the natural environment. This study evaluated the effect of seed coating with Meyerozyma guilliermondii, strain INAT (MT731365), on seed germination, plant growth and photosynthesis, and plant resistance against Fusarium culmorum, in durum wheat under controlled conditions. Compared to control plants, seed coating with M. guilliermondii promoted the wheat growth (shoot and roots length and biomass), and photosynthesis and transpiration traits (chlorophyll, ɸPSII, rates of photosynthesis and transpiration, etc.) together with higher nitrogen balance index (NBI) and lower flavonols and anthocyanins. At 21 days post infection with Fusarium, M. guilliermondii was found to reduce the disease incidence and the severity, with reduction rates reaching up to 31.2% and 30.4%, respectively, as well as to alleviate the disease damaging impact on photosynthesis and plant growth. This was associated with lower ABA, flavonols and anthocyanins, compared to infected control. A pivotal function of M. guilliermondii as an antagonist of F. culmorum and a growth promoter is discussed.

scholarly journals Fusarium Crown Rot of Winter Wheat Influenced by Resource Competition Near a Tree Windbreak

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-357
Author(s):  
Richard W. Smiley ◽  
Stephen Machado
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Soil Water Depletion ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot

Fusarium crown rot becomes most severe when wheat is stressed for water near the time of anthesis. This research examined the potential to study crown rot in the gradient of resource competition near a tree windbreak. Winter wheat was planted for 2 years into a field infested by Fusarium pseudograminearum and bordered by 17-m-high Austrian pines. Crown rot, plant growth and yield, and soil water content were evaluated at six distances (5 to 46 m) perpendicular to the tree line in strip plots inoculated or not inoculated with the pathogen. Crown rot was minor (<5% whiteheads) in noninoculated strips and greater in inoculated strips (26 to 35%) in a 21-m zone from 9 to 30 m from the tree line (0.5–1.8 times the tree height; 0.5–1.8H). At 46 m (2.7H), crown rot was similar in noninoculated and inoculated strips (2 to 5% whiteheads). Whiteheads and culm browning were roughly the reverse of soil water depletion by tree roots. Grain yield at 23 m compared with 46 m was reduced by 33 to 35% in noninoculated plots and by 43 to 49% in inoculated plots. It is possible to study associations between water stress and Fusarium crown rot in the zone of resource competition near windbreaks.

scholarly journals Comparing transcriptional responses to Fusarium crown rot in wheat and barley identified an important relationship between disease resistance and drought tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Su ◽  
J. J. Powell ◽  
S. Gao ◽  
M. Zhou ◽  
C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a chronic disease in cereal production worldwide. The impact of this disease is highly environmentally dependant and significant yield losses occur mainly in drought-affected crops. Results In the study reported here, we evaluated possible relationships between genes conferring FCR resistance and drought tolerance using two approaches. The first approach studied FCR induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) targeting two barley and one wheat loci against a panel of genes curated from the literature based on known functions in drought tolerance. Of the 149 curated genes, 61.0% were responsive to FCR infection across the three loci. The second approach was a comparison of the global DEGs induced by FCR infection with the global transcriptomic responses under drought in wheat. This analysis found that approximately 48.0% of the DEGs detected one week following drought treatment and 74.4% of the DEGs detected three weeks following drought treatment were also differentially expressed between the susceptible and resistant isolines under FCR infection at one or more timepoints. As for the results from the first approach, the vast majority of common DEGs were downregulated under drought and expressed more highly in the resistant isoline than the sensitive isoline under FCR infection. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that the resistant isoline in wheat was experiencing less drought stress, which could contribute to the stronger defence response than the sensitive isoline. However, most of the genes induced by drought stress in barley were more highly expressed in the susceptible isolines than the resistant isolines under infection, indicating that genes conferring drought tolerance and FCR resistance may interact differently between these two crop species. Nevertheless, the strong relationship between FCR resistance and drought responsiveness provides further evidence indicating the possibility to enhance FCR resistance by manipulating genes conferring drought tolerance.

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