Phosphorus supply does not affect Fusarium crown rot of winter wheat

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a major limitation to the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) industry in the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW), USA. Genetic resistance to FCR is poorly understood and major-gene resistance is not available in adapted cultivars. Chemical control is ineffective and crop rotations, which disrupt cycles of the disease, are not feasible in the region’s precipitation-limited climate. Cultural control methods are the only realistic option for farmers who struggle to minimize the impact of this disease. It is well-established that FCR is favored by moisture-limited environments and an oversupply of plant-available nitrogen in soil. Effects of the supply of phosphorus in soil have not been clearly delineated. We conducted a two-year FCR experiment at two locations in the low precipitation (< 30 cm) zone of north-central Oregon. Phosphorus fertilizer was applied in-furrow, at rates of 0, 5, and 15 kg P ha-1, to plots planted with either a hard red or soft white winter wheat cultivar. The 15 kg P ha-1 application rate increased tissue phosphorus concentration, early season dry matter, and phosphorus uptake at both locations and both years of this study. Phosphorus treatment had no effect on grain yield, protein, or test weight. Phosphorus had no effect on the severity of FCR. This research improved our knowledge of cultural management boundaries as they relate to the control of FCR.

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Comparing transcriptional responses to Fusarium crown rot in wheat and barley identified an important relationship between disease resistance and drought tolerance

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-020-02818-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Z. Y. Su ◽

J. J. Powell ◽

S. Gao ◽

M. Zhou ◽

C. Liu

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Transcriptional Responses ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Crop Species ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Important Relationship ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a chronic disease in cereal production worldwide. The impact of this disease is highly environmentally dependant and significant yield losses occur mainly in drought-affected crops. Results In the study reported here, we evaluated possible relationships between genes conferring FCR resistance and drought tolerance using two approaches. The first approach studied FCR induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) targeting two barley and one wheat loci against a panel of genes curated from the literature based on known functions in drought tolerance. Of the 149 curated genes, 61.0% were responsive to FCR infection across the three loci. The second approach was a comparison of the global DEGs induced by FCR infection with the global transcriptomic responses under drought in wheat. This analysis found that approximately 48.0% of the DEGs detected one week following drought treatment and 74.4% of the DEGs detected three weeks following drought treatment were also differentially expressed between the susceptible and resistant isolines under FCR infection at one or more timepoints. As for the results from the first approach, the vast majority of common DEGs were downregulated under drought and expressed more highly in the resistant isoline than the sensitive isoline under FCR infection. Conclusions Results from this study suggest that the resistant isoline in wheat was experiencing less drought stress, which could contribute to the stronger defence response than the sensitive isoline. However, most of the genes induced by drought stress in barley were more highly expressed in the susceptible isolines than the resistant isolines under infection, indicating that genes conferring drought tolerance and FCR resistance may interact differently between these two crop species. Nevertheless, the strong relationship between FCR resistance and drought responsiveness provides further evidence indicating the possibility to enhance FCR resistance by manipulating genes conferring drought tolerance.

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The effect of chloride and sulphate application to soil on changes in nutrient content in barley shoot biomass at an early phase of growth

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/4035-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 295-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Matula

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Concentration ◽

Phosphorus Uptake ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Barley Plant ◽

Plant Nitrogen ◽

Labile Phosphorus ◽

The Impact

In this study experiments primarily aimed at the needs of specification of an adequate soil reserve of labile sulphur were extended by investigations of the impact on interactions in nutrient uptake by a test barley plant. Vegetation (18-day) experiments under controlled conditions of cultivation were conducted on a diverse set of 48 soils from agricultural lands. Before barley sowing the experimental set of soils was divided into two variants: A – control (with NH4Cl application) and B – response variant [with (NH4)2SO4 application], and a uniform dose of 26 mg N/kg soil was used. After the experiment terminated, concentrations of N, N-NO3–, S, S-SO42–, P, K, Mg, Ca, Na, Mn and B were determined. Paired t-test revealed significant differences between the sets of data on variants A and B in barley yield and concentrations of sulphur, sulphate, nitrate, phosphorus and boron in barley plants. Sulphate variant (B) had higher yield of barley, higher concentrations of sulphur, sulphate and boron and lower concentrations of nitrate and phosphorus compared to variant A. The lower concentrations of nitrate and phosphorus could not be reasoned by the effect of dilution resulting from the higher barley yield. A substantial decrease in nitrate concentration was related to better utilisation of plant nitrogen after the nutrient status of soil was adjusted with sulphur. Phosphorus concentration in barley adequately corresponded to the soil reserve of labile phosphorus, but only after the phosphorus concentration in barley markedly decreased to the lower level in (sulphate) variant B. Higher concentration of boron in barley could potentially be related to the depression of phosphorus uptake after sulphate application.

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Variability of Fusarium Crown Rot Tolerances Among Cultivars of Spring and Winter Wheat

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-93-9-0954 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 93 (9) ◽

pp. 954-961 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Richard W. Smiley ◽

Hui Yan

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Wheat Cultivar ◽

Screening Method ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Winter Wheat Cultivar ◽

Yield Data ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Tolerance Response

Crown rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum reduces the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in Oregon. Observations of crown rot symptoms in traditional breeding and yield testing nurseries have not been useful for describing tolerance ratings of wheat cultivars. Yield data from inoculated experiments were therefore evaluated to determine if differences in cultivar response could be identified. A comparison of yields in inoculated and noninoculated plots was made for one group of spring wheat entries and four groups of winter wheat entries. Significant differences among spring wheat entries were identified and were validated against standards for tolerance and intolerance to F. pseudograminearum in Australia. Locally adapted and Australian standards exhibited a comparable range of yield reduction due to inoculation. Spring wheat tolerance reactions can be accurately described using as few as 24 yield comparisons. However, this screening method will not be practical for winter wheat due to stronger effects of year and location on the phenotypic tolerance response, requiring about 95 yield comparisons to accurately define the crown rot phenotype of a winter wheat cultivar.

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Survey of Fusarium spp. Causing Wheat Crown Rot in Major Winter Wheat Growing Regions of China

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-04-14-0422-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (11) ◽

pp. 1610-1615 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Xiang-xiang Zhang ◽

Hai-yan Sun ◽

Cheng-mei Shen ◽

Wei Li ◽

Han-shou Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Phylogenetic Structure ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Asiaticum ◽

Predominant Pathogen

Fusarium crown rot of wheat has become more prevalent in China. To investigate the phylogenetic structure of Fusarium causing wheat crown rot in China, wheat basal stems with symptoms of the disease were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. In total, 175 Fusarium isolates were collected and their mycotoxin chemotypes and distribution were identified. Among the 175 isolates, 123 were Fusarium asiaticum; 95 of these were the chemotype 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 28 were nivalenol (NIV). Thirty-seven isolates belonged to F. graminearum, which were all 15-AcDON. Smaller numbers of isolates consisted of F. acuminatum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. avenaceum. The virulence of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates on wheat crowns and heads was comparable. The virulence of isolates of the DON and NIV chemotype were statistically similar, but DON tended to be more aggressive. The DON concentrations in grains from wheat heads inoculated with isolates causing either Fusarium head blight or crown rot were similar. In the five provinces, F. asiaticum of the 3-AcDON chemotype was the predominant pathogen causing crown rot, followed by F. graminearum. Recent changes in causal Fusarium species, chemotypes, and distribution in China are discussed.

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Influence of Semiarid Cropping Systems on Root Diseases and Inoculum Density of Soilborne Pathogens

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-12-0834-re ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 547-555 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Richard W. Smiley ◽

Stephen Machado ◽

Jennifer A. Gourlie ◽

Larry C. Pritchett ◽

Guiping Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Spring Barley ◽

The United States ◽

Inoculum Density ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Gaeumannomyces Graminis ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

No Till ◽

Chemical Fallow

There is interest in converting the 2-year rotation of rainfed winter wheat with cultivated fallow in the Pacific Northwest of the United States into direct-seed (no-till) systems that include chemical fallow, spring cereals, and food-legume and brassica crops. Eight cropping systems in a low-precipitation region (<330 mm) were compared over 9 years to determine effects of changes on diseases. Fusarium crown rot was more prevalent in wheat following cultivated than chemical fallow, and Rhizoctonia root rot was more severe when winter wheat was rotated with chemical fallow than with no-till winter pea. Take-all occurred even during the driest years and was more severe on annual spring wheat than on annual spring barley. Inoculum density (picograms of DNA per gram of soil) differed (α < 0.05) among cropping systems for Fusarium culmorum, F. pseudograminearum, Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, and Pythium spp. but not for Rhizoctonia solani AG-8. Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella was detected only where winter pea was planted frequently. This is the first report of P. medicaginis as a component of the dryland stem rot complex of pea in north-central Oregon. Results of this investigation will provide guidance for developing crop species with resistance to Fusarium crown rot and black stem of pea.

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Diagnostic Guide: Fusarium Crown Rot of Winter Wheat

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-10-20-0091-dg ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christina H. Hagerty ◽

Tessa Irvine ◽

Hannah M. Rivedal ◽

Chuntao Yin ◽

Duncan R. Kroese

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Morphological Diagnosis ◽

Important Disease

Fusarium crown rot of winter wheat is an economically important disease in most regions where winter wheat is grown. Fusarium crown rot is caused by Fusarium culmorum and F. pseudograminearum. This diagnostic guide details information to aid in field, molecular, and morphological diagnosis of Fusarium crown rot.

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Genes Induced by Fusarium Crown Rot in Wheat and Barley Significantly Overlap with those Induced by Drought Stress

10.21203/rs.3.rs-109123/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Chunji Liu ◽

Z.Y. Su ◽

Jonanthan Powell ◽

Shawn Gao ◽

M. Zhou

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Strong Relationship ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Drought Treatment ◽

Crop Species ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot ◽

Significant Yield ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Fusarium crown rot is a chronic disease in cereal production worldwide. The impact of this disease is highly environmentally dependant and significant yield losses occur mainly in drought-affected crops. Results: In the study reported here, we evaluated possible relationships between genes conferring FCR resistance and drought tolerance using two approaches. The first approach studied FCR induced DEGs (differentially expressed genes) targeting two barley and one wheat loci against a panel of selected genes with known functions in drought tolerance. Of the 149 selected genes, 61% were responsive to FCR infection across the three loci. The second approach was an comparison of the global DEGs induced by FCR infection with the global transcriptomic responses under drought in wheat. This analysis found that approximately 48.0% percent of the DEGs detected one week following drought treatment and 74.4% of the DEGs detected three weeks following drought treatment were also differentially expressed between the susceptible and resistant isolines under FCR infection at one or more timepoints. As for the results from the first approach, the vast majority of common DEGs were downregulated under drought and expressed more highly in the resistant isoline than the sensitive isoline under FCR infection. Conclusions: Results from this study suggest that the resistant isoline in wheat was experiencing less drought stress, which could contribute to the stronger defence response than the sensitive isoline. However, most of the genes induced by drought stress in barley were more highly expressed in the susceptible isolines than the resistant isolines under infection, indicating that genes conferring drought tolerance and FCR resistance may interact differently between these two crop species. Nevertheless, the strong relationship between FCR resistance and drought responsiveness provide further evidence indicating the possibility to enhance FCR resistance by manipulating genes conferring drought tolerance.

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Fusarium Crown Rot of Winter Wheat Influenced by Resource Competition Near a Tree Windbreak

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-01-19-0213-re ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 348-357

Author(s):

Richard W. Smiley ◽

Stephen Machado

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Soil Water ◽

Resource Competition ◽

Tree Height ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tree Line ◽

Soil Water Depletion ◽

Tree Roots ◽

Fusarium Crown Rot

Fusarium crown rot becomes most severe when wheat is stressed for water near the time of anthesis. This research examined the potential to study crown rot in the gradient of resource competition near a tree windbreak. Winter wheat was planted for 2 years into a field infested by Fusarium pseudograminearum and bordered by 17-m-high Austrian pines. Crown rot, plant growth and yield, and soil water content were evaluated at six distances (5 to 46 m) perpendicular to the tree line in strip plots inoculated or not inoculated with the pathogen. Crown rot was minor (<5% whiteheads) in noninoculated strips and greater in inoculated strips (26 to 35%) in a 21-m zone from 9 to 30 m from the tree line (0.5–1.8 times the tree height; 0.5–1.8H). At 46 m (2.7H), crown rot was similar in noninoculated and inoculated strips (2 to 5% whiteheads). Whiteheads and culm browning were roughly the reverse of soil water depletion by tree roots. Grain yield at 23 m compared with 46 m was reduced by 33 to 35% in noninoculated plots and by 43 to 49% in inoculated plots. It is possible to study associations between water stress and Fusarium crown rot in the zone of resource competition near windbreaks.

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The effect of bioproducts on organically grown winter wheat

Žemės ūkio mokslai ◽

10.6001/zemesukiomokslai.v26i1.3965 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jolanta Sinkevičienė ◽

Juozas Pekarskas

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Tan Spot ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽

Seed Vigour ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Organically Grown ◽

The Impact ◽

Grain Contamination

The study was aimed to examine the effect of the bioproducts Biokal 01 and Fitokondi on the germination of organically grown winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar ‘Širvinta 1’ seed and its contamination with microscopic fungi as well as the impact on the occurrence of foliar diseases, plant biometric indicators and grain quality. Laboratory analyses showed that the tested bioproducts did not exert any significant effect on seed vigour and germination. Fitokondi gave the highest efficacy against pathogens of seeds, its biological efficacy against Fusarium and Alternaria spp. fungi was 50.0% and against Penicillium spp. it was 20.0%. Biokal 01 statistically significantly reduced only grain contamination with Mucor spp. and Aspergillus spp. The bioproducts significantly decreased the incidence of crown rot diseases in the coleoptiles of wheat seedlings and roots. In the field conditions, the bioproducts did not have any significant effect on the incidence of Septoria leaf blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J. Schröt. anamorph Zymoseptoria tritici (Desm.) Quaedvlieg & Crous) and tan spot (Helminthosporium tritici-repentis Died.). A significant increase in plant height and ear length, grain number per ear and 1000 grain weight was recorded. Grain yield increased by 0.66–0.79 t ha–1 or 18.64–22.32%, as well as protein, wet gluten and dry gluten content in response to both bioproducts.

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The impact of winter wheat cultivation practices on the quality of soil and grain

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1556/crc.34.2006.1.162 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 649-651

Author(s):

D. Šileikiene ◽

V. Rutkoviene ◽

J. Pekarskas

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Wheat Cultivation ◽

Cultivation Practices ◽

The Impact

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