Pittosporum tobira: A New Host for Tomato spotted wilt virus in Israel

2000 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
A. Gera ◽  
A. Kritzman ◽  
J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mild Mosaic ◽  
New Host ◽  
Elisa Kit ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Pittosporum Tobira

In July 1998, Pittosporum tobira shrubs, grown in a nursery in the Sharon Valley of Israel, developed foliar ring spots, mild mosaic, and tip necrosis. Of 15 samples tested for the presence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) with a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Loewe Biochemica, Otterfing, Germany), 14 were positive for TSWV. Posted 5 June 2000.

scholarly journals Pittosporum tobira: A New Host for Tomato spotted wilt virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gera ◽  
A. Kritzman ◽  
J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
New Host ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Nucleocapsid Gene ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Pittosporum Tobira

In July 1998, Pittosporum tobira shrubs, grown in a nursery in the Sharon Valley of Israel, developed foliar ring spots, mild mosaic, and tip necrosis. Of 15 samples tested for the presence of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) with a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (Loewe Biochemica, Otterfing, Germany), 14 were positive for TSWV. Virus in crude sap extracted from symptomatic tissue was mechanically transmitted to Emilia spp., Petunia hybrida, Nicotiana glutinosa, N. benthamiana, and N. rustica plants, which developed symptoms characteristic of TSWV infection (1). ELISA tests of leaf sap extracted from naturally infected P. tobira and mechanically inoculated indicator plants gave a strong positive reaction to TSWV. Leaf samples of P. tobira were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy in leaf-dip preparations and thin sections of leaf tissues. Virus particles typical of a tospovirus were observed only in samples taken from symptomatic leaves. Primers specific to the nucleocapsid gene of TSWV were used in a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay to verify the presence of TSWV. RT-PCR gave an expected PCR product of ≈850 bp. The amplicon was cloned in the pGEM-T vector, and the recombinant clone was sequenced. The sequence of the cloned PCR product confirmed the identity of TSWV, verifying TSWV infection of P. tobira. This is the first report of infection of P. tobira by TSWV. Reference: (1) Y. Antignus et al. Phytoparasitica 25:319, 1997.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF LYCOPERSICON GERMPLASM COLLECTION FOR RESISTANCE TO TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1077b-1077
Author(s):  
S.J. Scott ◽  
M. Stevens ◽  
R.C. Gergerich
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Lycopersicon Species ◽  
Wilt Virus

Seedlings of eight accessions of L. hirsutum and susceptible L. esculentum `VF Pink' controls were spray inoculated twice in the greenhouse with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) Arkansas 85-9. Plants lacking symptoms were reinoculated, then evaluated for TSWV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Controls were consistently infected; sixty noninfected L. hirsutum were propagated by cuttings and inoculated with TSWV isolates T2 (lettuce), G-87 (gloxinia), 87-34 (tomato) and a mixture of the four isolates. All selections became infected in at least one test, but systemic infection was often delayed. Additional wild Lycopersicon species and numbers of accessions evaluated for resistance to TSWV include L. cheesmanii (9), L. chmielewskii (17), L. hirsutum (24), L. hirsutum f. glabratum (17), L. parviflorum (4) and L. pennellii (44). No new sources of strong resistance have been identified yet. Evaluation of additional species and accessions is continuing.

scholarly journals Survey by ELISA of Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Vectored Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Distribution in Foliage and Flowers of Field-Infected Peanut1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenya K. Kresta ◽  
Forrest L. Mitchell ◽  
J. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Virus Distribution

Abstract The foliage of individual field-infected peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.) was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). TSWV was detected commonly in terminals (folded quadrifoliates) and flowers, the vector's feeding and breeding niches. Reconstructions of the assayed plants demonstrated that the virus concentration varied from plant to plant and symptoms were significantly correlated to virus concentration in individual leaves and terminals. The virus was not distributed uniformly throughout individual plants but was concentrated in young, developing terminal tissue. The presence of symptoms was indicative of detectable virus 95% of the time.

Localization of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (Genus Tospovirus, Family Bunyaviridae) in Peanut Pods

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Pappu ◽  
H. R. Pappu ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
J. W. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract The localization of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV, genus Tospovirus, family Bunyaviridae) in peanut pods was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using TSWV specific antibodies. Pods were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic fieldgrown plants. All the plants were tested by ELISA for presence or absence of TSWV infection. Normal and abnormal looking pods from symptomatic plants were assayed by ELISA. Each pod was divided into shell, testa, and cotyledons. All of the shell and testa samples of both normal and abnormal pods from symptomatic plants were positive for TSWV, whereas TSWV could not be detected in the cotyledons. Similar results were observed by polymerase chain reaction, except that the cotyledons occasionally had a TSWV-specific sequence. No virus could be detected in any part of the pod collected from asymptomatic, virus-free plants. In growout tests of seed from both symptomatic and asymptomatic plants, none of the plants showed TSWV infection when assayed by ELISA. Results demonstrated the preferential accumulation of the virus in the shell and testa.

Comparison of ELISA and RT-PCR assays for the detection of Tomato spotted wilt virus in peanut

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Dang ◽  
D. L. Rowland ◽  
W. H. Faircloth
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Wilt Virus

Abstract Diagnosis of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in peanut can be accomplished by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) but there has been no report of a direct comparison of the success of the two assays in evaluating infection rates of field-grown peanut. We collected peanut root samples from field-grown plants, 76 in 2006 and 48 in 2007, and tested these samples by both ELISA and RT-PCR assays for the presence of TSWV. Out of 124 samples, 50 (40.3%) and 57 (46.0%) were positive for TSWV by ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. In 13.7% of these samples, ELISA and RT-PCR differed in their results. However, Chi square analysis showed no significant difference between the results for these two assays. This result supports the conclusion that ELISA and RT-PCR are comparable for detecting TSWV infection rates in field-grown peanuts.

scholarly journals First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus in Blackberry Lily in North America

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Adkins ◽  
L. Breman ◽  
C. A. Baker ◽  
S. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
South Florida ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus

Blackberry lily (Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC.) is an herbaceous perennial in the Iridaceae characterized by purple-spotted orange flowers followed by persistent clusters of black fruit. In July 2002, virus-like symptoms including chlorotic ringspots and ring patterns were observed on blackberry lily leaves on 2 of 10 plants in a south Florida ornamental demonstration garden. Inclusion body morphology suggested the presence of a Tospovirus. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was specifically identified by serological testing using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). Sequence analysis of a nucleocapsid (N) protein gene fragment amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers TSWV723 and TSWV722 (1) from total RNA confirmed the diagnosis. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of a 579 base pair region of the RT-PCR product were 95 to 99% and 95 to 100% identical, respectively, to TSWV N-gene sequences in GenBank. Since these 2-year-old plants were grown on-site from seed, they were likely inoculated by thrips from a nearby source. Together with a previous observation of TSWV in north Florida nursery stock (L. Breman, unpublished), this represents, to our knowledge, the first report of TSWV infection of blackberry lily in North America although TSWV was observed in plants of this species in Japan 25 years ago (2). References: (1) S. Adkins, and E. N. Rosskopf. Plant Dis. 86:1310, 2002. (2) T. Yamamoto and K.-I. Ohata. Bull. Shikoku Agric. Exp. Stn. 30:39, 1977.

scholarly journals Incidence of viruses infecting pepper in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-193
Author(s):  
Amisa Laprom ◽  
Somrudee Nilthong ◽  
Ekachai Chukeatirote
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mixed Infections ◽  
The North ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the incidence, diversity and distribution of viruses infecting pepper (Capsicum spp.) in the central, northern and northeastern parts of Thailand. During a survey in 2016 - 2019, a total of 2,149 leaf samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic peppers were collected randomly from farmer’s fields, and preliminary tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using 7 antibodies specific for cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), tomato necrotic ringspot virus (TNRV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), potato virus Y (PVY), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), and begomoviruses. Our data revealed that the incidence of the viruses infecting pepper in Thailand was high, accounting for nearly 70% (1,482 infected samples). The highest viral incidence was found in the central part (96%), followed by the north (74.4%) and the northeastern (52.8%), respectively. Begomoviruses, CMV, ChiVMV, and TNRV were detected in the samples at varying rates, whereas PVY, TMV, and TSWV were not detected. Of these, the most frequently found virus was Begomoviruses accounting for nearly 33%, with the highest rate (ca. 82%) in the central Provinces of Thailand. In addition, of the 1,482 infected samples, mixed infections among the four viruses were also found in 616 samples (ca. 42%), and CMV + ChiVMV (approximately 11%) was the most common mixed infection. This is the first report describing an occurrence of viruses in pepper of Thailand, and the results obtained have revealed that viruses infecting pepper are widespread, which may pose a threat to pepper production in Thailand.

Specificity of accumulation and transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in two genera, Frankliniella and Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 501-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Inoue ◽  
T. Sakurai ◽  
T. Murai ◽  
T. Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Wilt Virus ◽  
Elisa Titre

AbstractThe accumulation and transmission of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was examined in second instar larvae and adults of two thrips genera, Frankliniella and Thrips. The species tested were F. occidentalis (Pergande), F. intonsa (Trybom), T. tabaciLindeman, T. setosus Moulton, T. palmi Karny and T. hawaiiensis (Morgan). In a standard petunia leaf disc assay, the efficiencies of TSWV transmission by two species of Frankliniella were higher than those of any Thrips species in the adult stage. A triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) showed that large amounts of the TSWV-nucleocapsid (N) protein were present in the ELISA-positive larvae of each species, with the exception of T. palmi. The ELISA titre of and the proportion of virus-infected individuals of the two Frankliniella species increased or did not significantly change from the larval to the adult stages, whereas those of the four Thrips species decreased significantly. These results show that the specificity of virus transmission by adult thrips is probably affected by the amount of viral N protein accumulation in the adults and that the accumulation pattern from the larval to the adult stages is in between the two genera tested in the present study.

scholarly journals First Report of Tomato spotted wilt virus on Soybean in Iran

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (12) ◽  
pp. 1290-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Golnaraghi ◽  
N. Shahraeen ◽  
R. Pourrahim ◽  
Sh. Ghorbani ◽  
Sh. Farzadfar
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mechanical Inoculation ◽  
First Report ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Wilt Virus

During the summers of 1999 and 2000, 3,110 soybean (Glycine max) leaf samples were randomly collected from soybean fields in the Ardebil, Goletan, Khuzestan, Lorestan, and Mazandaran provinces of Iran. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was detected in leaf samples by TSWV-specific polyclonal antibody (As-0526 and As-0580, DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) in double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Mechanical inoculation of 26 plant species (10 plants per species) and cultivars with extracts of positive leaf samples produced necrotic local lesions in Beta vulgaris, Chenopodium quinoa, C. amaranticolor, Gomphrena globosa, Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Talash, Vicia faba, and Vigna unguiculata cv. Mashad; produced systemic chlorosis followed by necrosis in Datura stramonium, D. metel, Nicotiana rustica, N. tabacum cv. Samsun, N. glutinosa, N. bentamiana, and Glycine max cv. Hill; and produced chlorosis, stunting, and bud necrosis in Arachis hypogaea (peanut). Plants developing these symptoms following mechanical inoculation with extracts from original soybean leaves were positive in ELISA for TSWV. ELISA results indicate that the overall incidence of TSWV on soybean in the five provinces was 5.4%. TSWV has been reported in potato (2) and tomato (1) from Iran, but to our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of TSWV on soybean in Iran. References: (1) K. Bananej et al. Iran. J. Plant Pathol. 34:30, 1998. (2) R. Pourrahim et al. Plant Dis. 85:442, 2001.

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