scholarly journals A Microfluidic Assay for Identifying Differential Responses of Plant and Human Fungal Pathogens to Tobacco Phylloplanins

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Chakradhar Mattupalli ◽  
Joseph E. Spraker ◽  
Erwin Berthier ◽  
Amy O. Charkowski ◽  
Nancy P. Keller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Fusarium Sambucinum ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

Phylloplanins are defensive glycoproteins secreted onto leaf surfaces by trichome-bearing plants such as tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). They are of interest because of their antimicrobial properties, but like other natural product bioactives, the assessment and screening of phylloplanins biological activity is impeded by limited availabilities of active compounds. Here we report an inexpensive microfluidic approach that requires ≤ 20 microliters of tobacco phylloplanins to assess spore germination inhibition of plant and human fungal pathogens. Spores of Colletotrichum coccodes and Aspergillus fumigatus suspended in solutions containing tobacco phylloplanins did not germinate at 48 and 30 h post-treatment, respectively. Tobacco phylloplanins transiently inhibited spore germination of Fusarium sambucinum, but had no detectable activity against Alternaria solani or Verticillium albo-atrum at the concentrations tested, demonstrating differential sensitivity of fungi to tobacco phylloplanins. 4 August 2014. 14 August 2014.

scholarly journals FUNGAL PATHOGENS OF TOMATO IN SOUTH-WESTERN RUSSIA (KRASNODAR TERRITORY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-212
Author(s):  
E. M. Chudinova ◽  
T. A. Shkunkova ◽  
S. N. Elansky
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Colletotrichum Coccodes ◽  
Irpex Lacteus ◽  
Fusarium Equiseti ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Phomopsis Phaseoli

During a study of fungal diseases of tomato in the South of Russia (Krasnodar Territory) 56 fungal isolates associated with tomato fruits were obtained. Most of them belonged to the species Alternaria alternata. Alternaria solani, Fusarium equiseti, Phomopsis phaseoli, Chaetomium cochliodes, Clonostachys sp., Irpex lacteus, Colletotrichum coccodes were also identified. Laboratory experiments revealed that Clonostachys sp., C. сochliodes, P. phaseoli, I. lacteus, and F. equiseti developed well on the fruit’s slices. Fusarium equiseti was the only species that can penetrate the tomato through epidermis and infect entire fruit. The most effective fungicide against F. equiseti was difenoconazole (EC50 = 0.08 mg/L); pencycuron was also effective (EC50 = 32.5 mg/L). Thiabendazole completely inhibited the growth of F. equiseti at the concentration 100 mg/L (EC50 = 47 mg/L).

Biological activity of Pyraclostrobin against Coniella granati causing pomegranate crown rot

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Yang ◽  
Chun-Yan Gu ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
Jia-Zhi Sun ◽  
Hao-Yu Zang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Intracellular Organelle ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Conidium Germination

Pomegranate crown rot caused by Coniellagranati is one of the most severe diseases of pomegranate. To date, no fungicides have been registered for controlling this disease in China. Pyraclostrobin, belonging to strobilurin fungicides, has a broad spectrum of activity against many phytopathogens. In this study, based on the mycelial growth and conidial germination inhibition methods, we investigated the biological activity of pyraclostrobin against C. granati at the presence of 50 μg/mL SHAM using 80 isolates collected from different orchards in China during 2012-2018. The EC50 (50% effective concentration) values ranged from 0.040-0.613 μg/mL for mycelial growth and 0.013-0.110 μg/mL for conidium germination, respectively. Treated with pyraclostrobin, the hyphae morphology changed and conidial production of C. granati decreased significantly. The result of transmission electron microscope showed that treatment of pyraclostrobin could make the cell wall thinner, and lead to ruptured cell membrane and formation of intracellular organelle autophagosomes. The pyraclostrobin showed good protective and curative activities against C. granati on detached pomegranate fruits. In field trials, pyraclostrobin showed excellent control efficacy against this disease in which the treatment of 25% pyraclostrobin EC 1000× provided 92.25% and 92.58% control efficacy in 2019 and 2020, respectively, significantly higher than that of other treatments. Therefore, pyraclostrobin could be a candidate fungicide for the control of pomegranate crown rot.

Screening of Existing and New Boxwood Cultivars for Disease Resistance and In Vitro Fungicide Screening to Manage Boxwood Dieback Caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Monique DeSouza ◽  
Raghuwinder "Raj" Singh
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Industry Professionals ◽  
The U.S

Boxwood is one of the most common and widely planted perennial ornamentals in both home gardens and commercial landscapes. Recently reported boxwood dieback, a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola, has been spreading at an alarming rate within the U.S. Boxwood breeders, nursery growers, and landscape professionals have shown great concerns regarding the lack of effective management practices. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to devise effective disease management strategies including screening cultivars to determine their susceptibility to boxwood dieback and screening various fungicides to determine their effectiveness in managing the disease. Host range studies were conducted by screening a wide variety of boxwood cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Although, boxwood cultivar ‘Little Missy’ showed much delayed symptom expression as compared to rest of the cultivars but none of the 11 cultivars were found to be resistance to boxwood dieback. In vitro screening of nine fungicides was conducted to determine mycelial growth as well as spore germination inhibition of eight isolates of C. theobromicola collected from eight states in the U.S. Of the nine fungicides, difenoconazole+pydiflumetofen showed maximum mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition at 1 ppm active ingredient followed by fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin, and pyraclostrobin+boscalid at 5 ppm active ingredient. Azoxystrobin+benzovindiflupyr significantly inhibited mycelial growth at 1 ppm but reduced spore germination at 10 ppm active ingredient. This study provides the boxwood industry professionals with critical and applied information pertaining to host susceptibility and fungicide efficacy to effectively mitigate boxwood dieback and to reduce its further spread.

Sample size requirements to evaluate spore germination inhibition by compost extracts

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Yohalem ◽  
R. Voland ◽  
E.V. Nordheim ◽  
R.F. Harris ◽  
J.H. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germination Inhibition

scholarly journals Inhibition of Aspergillus niger DMF 0801 by monoacylglycerols prepared from coconut oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Řiháková ◽  
V. Filip ◽  
M. PlockovÁ ◽  
J. Šmidrkal ◽  
R. Červenková
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Antifungal Properties

The objectives of the present study were to test the antifungal properties (inhibition of radial growth, inhibition of the mould spore germination) of lauroylglycerol and mixtures of monoacylglycerols synthesised from coconut oil (MIX-I and MIX-II) against Aspergillus niger DMF 0801. The content of monoacylglycerols in lauroylglycerol, MIX-I and MIX-II was 99.9% (w/w), 97.7% (w/w) and 75,1% (w/w), respectively. The content of 1-lauroylglycerol in MIX-I and MIX-II was calculated from the content of lauric acid and content of monoacylglycerols. The inhibition of the radial growth of Aspergillus niger DMF 0801 by lauroylglycerol was stronger than that caused by MIX-I and MIX-II. The inhibition effect of spore germination caused by lauroylglycerol and MIX-I was nearly the same. The inhibition of spore germination increased with increasing content of monoacylglycerol and also with increasing 1-lauroylglycerol content in monoacylglycerols. The level of spore germination inhibition was related to the purity of tested substances. The results of this study indicate that monoacylglycerols made from coconut oil have antifungal activity.  

The effect on fungal growth of some 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Brewer ◽  
W. S. G. Maass ◽  
A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Inhibit Spore Germination

It has been shown that 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinones decrease vegetative growth and inhibit spore germination of 12 species of fungi belonging to six diverse genera. The nature of the substituents at the 3 and 6 positions of the quinone ring also affected their growth-inhibitory properties; generally those substituents of lower polarity inhibited growth at lower concentrations. As in the case of cochliodinol, chemical modification of the quinone group, or the hydroxyl groups of the quinone ring, in compounds of the polyporic acid series, also led to loss of biological activity.

scholarly journals Fungal Spore Germination Inhibition by Alkaloids Dehydrocorydalmine and Oxyberberine

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitabh Singh ◽  
Sarita Singh ◽  
Sushma Singh ◽  
Tryambak Singh ◽  
Virendra Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Germination Inhibition

Antifungal activity of ajoene, a constituent of garlic (Allium sativum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1354-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. P. Singh ◽  
V. N. Pandey ◽  
K. G. Wagner ◽  
K. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Udum ◽  
Alternaria Tenuissima ◽  
Fusarium Semitectum ◽  
Alternaria Sp

Ajoene, a compound derived from garlic (Allium sativum L.), inhibited spore germination of some fungi, namely, Alternaria solani, Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria triticina, Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia sp., Fusarium lini, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium semitectum, and Fusarium udum, which cause serious diseases in some important crop plants in India. The compound was very effective in checking spore germination at a concentration of 25 μg/mL in some of the above fungi and, in most cases, there was 100% inhibition of germination at 100 μg/mL. It is quite likely that the compound may be useful in controlling disease(s) under field conditions.

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