Evaluation of Weed Species from the Northern Great Plains as Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susilo H. Poromarto ◽  
Greta G. Gramig ◽  
Berlin D. Nelson ◽  
Shalu Jain
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Plant Families

Weeds can be alternate hosts of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), a major pathogen of soybean in the United States. Weed species from the northern soybean production area of North Dakota-northern Minnesota have not been evaluated for host suitability. Fifty-one weed species with multiple collections from different locations, representing 13 families were evaluated as hosts of SCN. Weeds were inoculated with SCN HG type 0 and a female index (FI) was calculated by comparing reproduction to that on Barnes, a susceptible soybean cultivar. Thirty-three weed species had not previously been tested. For 20 weed species, no reproduction on roots was observed on any collection. For 31 weed species, SCN females developed on roots of one or more collection, but only two weeds, henbit and field pennycress, allowed substantial reproduction with average FI's of 30.5 to 38, respectively; the other 29 species had average FI's of less than 10 and thus were defined as poor hosts. Twenty-six of the weed species from 11 plant families were newly identified hosts of SCN. Collections of species varied in host suitability. Although most weeds were non-hosts or poor hosts, the number of weeds that supported limited SCN reproduction indicates that weed hosts could influence SCN survival and reproduction in the upper Great Plains. Few weed species, however, are major hosts of SCN in this region. Accepted 10 December 2014. Published 28 January 2015.

Evaluation of Northern-Grown Crops as Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susilo H. Poromarto ◽  
Berlin D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Female Index

Sixty-two cultivars/varieties of thirteen crops grown in the northern Great Plains were evaluated for suitability as hosts of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) (HG type 0) using soybean Lee 74 as the susceptible host. “Cone-tainers” with autoclaved sand were infested with 2,000 eggs placed into a 2-cm × 1-cm hole and then a 3-day-old germinated seed was placed in the hole. “Cone-tainers” were placed in sand in plastic pots immersed in a water bath at 27°C in the greenhouse. Plants were harvested after 30 days, and females were extracted and counted. A female index (FI = the average number of females on the test plant divided by the average number of females on soybean Lee 74 times 100) was calculated for each cultivar to assess host suitability to the nematode. FI's ≥ 10 indicated a suitable host. Canola, clover, lentil, and sunflower were nonhosts (no evidence of reproduction), while borage, camelina, chickpea, crambe, cuphea, field pea, nyjer, and safflower were poor hosts for SCN with FI's less than 8. Lupines were the only suitable host with FI's of 42 to 57. This is the first report of reproduction of SCN on chickpea, crambe, cuphea, and nyjer. Accepted for publication 2 December 2009. Published 15 March 2010.

Determination of weed hosts of soybean cyst nematode in South Dakota

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Pawan Basnet ◽  
Sharon A. Clay ◽  
Emmanuel Byamukama
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Hosts

AbstractSoybean cyst nematode (SCN) causes over $1.2 billion in revenue loss annually in the United States and consistently ranks as the most threatening pathogen for soybean. SCN weed hosts have been documented in other states in the eastern Corn Belt, but very little work has been done in the midwestern Corn Belt. To determine alternative SCN weed hosts in South Dakota, 670 whole weed root samples comprising 63 weed species were collected from 48 SCN-positive fields in 13 counties during fall 2016 and spring 2017. Among the 63 weed species, 12 contained SCN juveniles and 7 were confirmed hosts of SCN based on the completion of the SCN life cycle in greenhouse studies. Ranking of female index (FI) for the weed hosts were purple deadnettle (FI = 34.6) > field pennycress (FI = 26.9) > common mallow (FI = 2.04) > shepherd’s purse (FI = 1.89) > white clover (FI = 1.86) > Canada thistle (FI = 1.24) > common cocklebur (FI = 1.10). These results indicate that some weeds can support SCN, and therefore a proactive weed management approach should be employed for fields infested with SCN.

Influence of Two Herbicides on Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) Reproduction on Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Roots

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Werle ◽  
Mark L. Bernards ◽  
Loren J. Giesler ◽  
John L. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Greenhouse Study

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is the most yield-limiting pathogen of soybean in the United States. Henbit is a prevalent winter annual weed species in no-till fields and is reported to be an alternative host of SCN. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate how the development of SCN on henbit roots was affected by herbicide mode of action and time of herbicide application. Henbit plants were grown in watertight pots placed in a water bath bench that kept soil temperature constant (27 ± 1 C) during the study. Ten d after transplanting, pots were inoculated with approximately 1,000 SCN eggs. At 7, 14, or 21 d after inoculation (DAI), henbit plants were sprayed with recommended dose of either glyphosate (870 g ae ha−1) or 2,4-D (1,070 g ae ha−1). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications per treatment, and two experimental runs separated in time. At 28 DAI, the total number of SCN cysts and eggs, and plant shoot and root dry weight per pot were determined. Henbit root and shoot biomass increased as the time of herbicide application was delayed. Glyphosate reduced root biomass more than 2,4-D, but no differences in shoot biomass were detected. The number of SCN cysts per henbit plant and eggs per cyst increased as the herbicide application was delayed from 7 to 21 DAI. Glyphosate reduced the number of cysts found on henbit roots more than 2,4-D, especially at earlier application times. On plants treated with glyphosate, SCN-females produced only half the number of eggs of SCN-females on henbit plants treated with 2,4-D, regardless of time of application. These results indicate that early control of henbit plants, especially with glyphosate, can reduce SCN reproduction potential in SCN infested fields.

Survey of Broadleaf Winter Weeds in Indiana Production Fields Infested with Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera Glycines)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Earl Creech ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Wild Garlic

Fifty-five soybean cyst nematode (SCN)–infested production fields across Indiana were surveyed in March 2004 to assess broadleaf winter weed prevalence. The most frequently occurring weeds were common chickweed (87%), speedwell (83%), buttercup (58%), and henbit (53%). Henbit and wild garlic were present at the highest average densities, both occurring at greater than 50 plants/m2. Based on relative abundance indices, common chickweed and henbit were the most prevalent winter weeds in this survey. As a composite, winter weed hosts of SCN were found in 93% of fields and occurred at an average density of 151 plants/m2. No correlation existed between weed density and SCN egg counts. Frequency, uniformity, density, and diversity indices for individual weed species were generally higher in the southern region of Indiana than in the north. Thus, the region of highest risk for SCN reproduction and population increase on winter weeds in Indiana appears to be in the southern part of the state.

scholarly journals Tank Mixing Pendimethalin with Pyroxasulfone and Chloroacetamide Herbicides Enhances In-Season Residual Weed Control in Corn

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Jha ◽  
Vipan Kumar ◽  
Josefina Garcia ◽  
Nicholas Reichard
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Wild Buckwheat ◽  
Atrazine Treatment ◽  
Residual Control

Kochia, common lambsquarters, and wild buckwheat are major problem weeds in glyphosate-resistant corn production in the northern Great Plains of the United States. Field research was conducted in 2011 and 2012 near Huntley, MT to investigate effective PRE herbicides applied alone or in premixes with or without tank-mixed pendimethalin for extended in-season residual control of the selected broadleaf weeds in glyphosate-resistant corn. Control of kochia, common lambsquarters, and wild buckwheat with recently registered herbicide premixes, including saflufenacil + dimethenamid-P andS-metolachlor + mesotrione, was as high as 95 and 90% at 21 and 63 d after treatment (DAT), and mostly similar to the standard atrazine treatment. Residual control of common lambsquarters and wild buckwheat from pyroxasulfone was higher at 298 compared with 149 g ai ha−1rate. Pyroxasulfone and other chloroacetamide herbicides (acetochlor or dimethenamid-P) applied alone failed to provide greater than 79, 70, and 54% residual control at 21, 35, and 63 DAT, respectively, of the weed species investigated. Residual weed control throughout the growing season was significantly improved with the addition of pendimethalin to pyroxasulfone (149 g ha−1), acetochlor, or dimethenamid-P when compared with any of the three herbicides applied alone. Kochia control by pyroxasulfone, acetochlor, or dimethenamid-P tank mixed with pendimethalin was as high as 94, 92, and 81% at 21, 35, and 63 DAT, respectively. Control of common lambsquarters with the addition of pendimethalin to pyroxasulfone or acetochlor was improved to 94, 89, and 81% at 21, 35, and 63 DAT, respectively. Similarly, wild buckwheat control with acetochlor plus pendimethalin was improved to 87, 85, and 82% at 21, 35, and 63 DAT, respectively. Consistent with the extended in-season (up to 9 wk) residual weed control, pyroxasulfone, acetochlor, or dimethenamid-P treatments when tank mixed with pendimethalin had higher corn yields compared with the herbicides applied alone. The investigation on residual herbicides that provide extended in-season weed control should be continued as an important aspect of glyphosate stewardship and to mitigate the occurrence of glyphosate-resistant weed populations in grower fields.

scholarly journals Weeds Hosting the Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe): Management Implications in Agroecological Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Leonardo F. Rocha ◽  
Karla L. Gage ◽  
Mirian F. Pimentel ◽  
Jason P. Bond ◽  
Ahmad M. Fakhoury
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Sites Of Action

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a major soybean-yield-limiting soil-borne pathogen, especially in the Midwestern US. Weed management is recommended for SCN integrated management, since some weed species have been reported to be hosts for SCN. The increase in the occurrence of resistance to herbicides complicates weed management and may further direct ecological–evolutionary (eco–evo) feedbacks in plant–pathogen complexes, including interactions between host plants and SCN. In this review, we summarize weed species reported to be hosts of SCN in the US and outline potential weed–SCN management interactions. Plants from 23 families have been reported to host SCN, with Fabaceae including most host species. Out of 116 weeds hosts, 14 species have known herbicide-resistant biotypes to 8 herbicide sites of action. Factors influencing the ability of weeds to host SCN are environmental and edaphic conditions, SCN initial inoculum, weed population levels, and variations in susceptibility of weed biotypes to SCN within a population. The association of SCN on weeds with relatively little fitness cost incurred by the latter may decrease the competitive ability of the crop and increase weed reproduction when SCN is present, feeding back into the probability of selecting for herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Therefore, proper management of weed hosts of SCN should be a focus of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to prevent further eco–evo feedbacks in the cropping system.

VARIATION IN PATHOGENICITY BETWEEN ISOLATES OF CLAVICEPS PURPUREA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. DARLINGTON ◽  
D. E. MATHRE ◽  
R. H. JOHNSTON
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Weakly Virulent ◽  
Grass Hosts

Isolates of Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. originally isolated from many different grass hosts in the northern Great Plains and several other areas in the United States and England were tested for their pathogenicity to selected cultivars or lines of male-sterile wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). While there was a great range in the level of virulence, no clear-cut evidence of specific races was obtained. A few isolates were weakly virulent on two cultivars of male-sterile spring wheat but were highly virulent on the other two cultivars tested. Wheat and barley breeders are advised to use a mixture of isolates in screening germ plasm for resistance to ergot.

Rearing the wheat stem sawfly on an artificial diet

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuilo B. Macedo ◽  
Paula A. Macedo ◽  
Robert K.D. Peterson ◽  
David K. Weaver ◽  
Wendell L. Morrill
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Harvest Efficiency

The wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), is an insect pest in dryland wheat cropping systems in the southern Canadian Prairies and the northern Great Plains of the United States (Morrill 1997). Yield losses caused by C. cinctus are due to reduced head weight (Holmes 1977; Morrill et al. 1992) and lodging, which decreases harvest efficiency. Estimates of yield losses in Montana alone are about US$25 million per year.

scholarly journals Physiologic Specialization of Puccinia triticina on Wheat in the United States in 2013

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1261-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kolmer ◽  
M. E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Ohio River ◽  
Ohio Valley ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Collections of Puccinia triticina were obtained from rust-infected leaves provided by cooperators throughout the United States and from wheat fields and breeding plots by USDA-ARS personnel and cooperators in the Great Plains, Ohio River Valley, and southeastern states in order to determine the virulence of the wheat leaf rust population in 2013. Single uredinial isolates (490 total) were derived from the collections and tested for virulence phenotype on 20 lines of Thatcher wheat that are near-isogenic for leaf rust resistance genes. In 2013, 79 virulence phenotypes were described in the United States. Virulence phenotypes MBTNB, TNBGJ, and MCTNB were the three most common phenotypes. Phenotypes MBTNB and MCTNB are both virulent to Lr11, and MCTNB is virulent to Lr26. MBTNB and MCTNB were most common in the soft red winter wheat region of the southeastern states and Ohio Valley. Phenotype TNBGJ is virulent to Lr39/41 and was widely distributed throughout the hard red winter wheat region of the Great Plains. Isolates with virulence to Lr11, Lr18, and Lr26 were common in the southeastern states and Ohio Valley region. Isolates with virulence to Lr21, Lr24, and Lr39/41 were frequent in the hard red wheat region of the southern and northern Great Plains.

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