Survey of Broadleaf Winter Weeds in Indiana Production Fields Infested with Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera Glycines)

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1066-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Earl Creech ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Wild Garlic

Fifty-five soybean cyst nematode (SCN)–infested production fields across Indiana were surveyed in March 2004 to assess broadleaf winter weed prevalence. The most frequently occurring weeds were common chickweed (87%), speedwell (83%), buttercup (58%), and henbit (53%). Henbit and wild garlic were present at the highest average densities, both occurring at greater than 50 plants/m2. Based on relative abundance indices, common chickweed and henbit were the most prevalent winter weeds in this survey. As a composite, winter weed hosts of SCN were found in 93% of fields and occurred at an average density of 151 plants/m2. No correlation existed between weed density and SCN egg counts. Frequency, uniformity, density, and diversity indices for individual weed species were generally higher in the southern region of Indiana than in the north. Thus, the region of highest risk for SCN reproduction and population increase on winter weeds in Indiana appears to be in the southern part of the state.

scholarly journals Weeds Hosting the Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe): Management Implications in Agroecological Systems

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Leonardo F. Rocha ◽  
Karla L. Gage ◽  
Mirian F. Pimentel ◽  
Jason P. Bond ◽  
Ahmad M. Fakhoury
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Sites Of Action

The soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is a major soybean-yield-limiting soil-borne pathogen, especially in the Midwestern US. Weed management is recommended for SCN integrated management, since some weed species have been reported to be hosts for SCN. The increase in the occurrence of resistance to herbicides complicates weed management and may further direct ecological–evolutionary (eco–evo) feedbacks in plant–pathogen complexes, including interactions between host plants and SCN. In this review, we summarize weed species reported to be hosts of SCN in the US and outline potential weed–SCN management interactions. Plants from 23 families have been reported to host SCN, with Fabaceae including most host species. Out of 116 weeds hosts, 14 species have known herbicide-resistant biotypes to 8 herbicide sites of action. Factors influencing the ability of weeds to host SCN are environmental and edaphic conditions, SCN initial inoculum, weed population levels, and variations in susceptibility of weed biotypes to SCN within a population. The association of SCN on weeds with relatively little fitness cost incurred by the latter may decrease the competitive ability of the crop and increase weed reproduction when SCN is present, feeding back into the probability of selecting for herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. Therefore, proper management of weed hosts of SCN should be a focus of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies to prevent further eco–evo feedbacks in the cropping system.

Evaluation of Weed Species from the Northern Great Plains as Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susilo H. Poromarto ◽  
Greta G. Gramig ◽  
Berlin D. Nelson ◽  
Shalu Jain
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Host Suitability ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Plant Families

Weeds can be alternate hosts of soybean cyst nematode (SCN), a major pathogen of soybean in the United States. Weed species from the northern soybean production area of North Dakota-northern Minnesota have not been evaluated for host suitability. Fifty-one weed species with multiple collections from different locations, representing 13 families were evaluated as hosts of SCN. Weeds were inoculated with SCN HG type 0 and a female index (FI) was calculated by comparing reproduction to that on Barnes, a susceptible soybean cultivar. Thirty-three weed species had not previously been tested. For 20 weed species, no reproduction on roots was observed on any collection. For 31 weed species, SCN females developed on roots of one or more collection, but only two weeds, henbit and field pennycress, allowed substantial reproduction with average FI's of 30.5 to 38, respectively; the other 29 species had average FI's of less than 10 and thus were defined as poor hosts. Twenty-six of the weed species from 11 plant families were newly identified hosts of SCN. Collections of species varied in host suitability. Although most weeds were non-hosts or poor hosts, the number of weeds that supported limited SCN reproduction indicates that weed hosts could influence SCN survival and reproduction in the upper Great Plains. Few weed species, however, are major hosts of SCN in this region. Accepted 10 December 2014. Published 28 January 2015.

scholarly journals First Report of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) on Soybean in North Dakota

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1287-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Bradley ◽  
C. R. Biller ◽  
B. D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
North Dakota ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
First Report ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Pi 88788

During August 2003, soybean (Glycine max) plants from Richland County, North Dakota with white-to-yellow, lemon-shaped structures on the roots were brought to the North Dakota State University Plant Diagnostic Laboratory. To confirm that the structures were females of a cyst nematode, they were crushed and observed microscopically to determine if nematode eggs and second-stage juveniles were present. Morphology of the second-stage juveniles was consistent with Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode (SCN). A survey was conducted in soybean fields in 34 km2 around the field in which the samples originated. Ten of twenty fields surveyed had visible females on the roots of plants. Symptoms observed in those fields included patches of stunted, chlorotic, and dead plants. Soil samples were collected from selected areas within eight fields, eggs were extracted using standard soil sieving techniques, and egg numbers were determined. Egg numbers ranged from 550 to 20,000 eggs per 100 cm3 of soil. SCN collected from two different fields, designated as Dwight and LaMars, were used to determine their HG Type. Standardized procedures (1) were used in a growth chamber set at 27°C with 16-h days. Pots in the test were organized in a completely randomized design with three replicates; the test was repeated over time. After 30 days, females were extracted from roots and counted, and a female index (FI) was calculated for each indicator line (1). The mean number of females on susceptible standard cv. Lee 74, was 110. The Dwight SCN population had an FI of 5.3 on plant introduction (PI) 88788, 1.5 on PI 209332, 5.8 on PI 548316 (Cloud), and 0 on all other indicator lines. The LaMars population had an FI of 1.0 on PI 88788, 3.1 on PI 548316 (Cloud), and 0 on all other indicator lines. These results indicate that both SCN populations tested are HG Type 0. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SCN on soybean in North Dakota. Because other hosts of SCN, as well as soybean, are economically important in North Dakota, such as dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and dry pea (Pisum sativum), this disease could adversely impact several commodities throughout the state. Reference: (1) T. L. Niblack et al. J. Nematol. 34:279, 2002.

Determination of weed hosts of soybean cyst nematode in South Dakota

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-382
Author(s):  
Pawan Basnet ◽  
Sharon A. Clay ◽  
Emmanuel Byamukama
Keyword(s):  
South Dakota ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Hosts

AbstractSoybean cyst nematode (SCN) causes over $1.2 billion in revenue loss annually in the United States and consistently ranks as the most threatening pathogen for soybean. SCN weed hosts have been documented in other states in the eastern Corn Belt, but very little work has been done in the midwestern Corn Belt. To determine alternative SCN weed hosts in South Dakota, 670 whole weed root samples comprising 63 weed species were collected from 48 SCN-positive fields in 13 counties during fall 2016 and spring 2017. Among the 63 weed species, 12 contained SCN juveniles and 7 were confirmed hosts of SCN based on the completion of the SCN life cycle in greenhouse studies. Ranking of female index (FI) for the weed hosts were purple deadnettle (FI = 34.6) > field pennycress (FI = 26.9) > common mallow (FI = 2.04) > shepherd’s purse (FI = 1.89) > white clover (FI = 1.86) > Canada thistle (FI = 1.24) > common cocklebur (FI = 1.10). These results indicate that some weeds can support SCN, and therefore a proactive weed management approach should be employed for fields infested with SCN.

scholarly journals First Report of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) on Soybean in the Province of Quebec, Canada

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mimee ◽  
H. Peng ◽  
V. Popovic ◽  
Q. Yu ◽  
M.-O. Duceppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Species Specific

In eastern Canada, soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., is the most important legume, and its cultivation is expanding to new regions as cultivars for the short growing season are developed. The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, is among the most destructive pests of soybean in the world. This nematode is also under quarantine regulations in many countries, including Canada. Until now, in Canada, SCN was only reported in the province of Ontario. Since its first detection in 1988 in the southwestern part of the province (1), SCN has been found in 12 other counties. It appears that SCN has been spreading in a north and northeast direction along the St. Lawrence River. We report here the first detection of SCN in the province of Quebec. Second stage juveniles (J2) and cysts were found in St. Anicet, Quebec, Canada, in a 10-ha soybean field. Light textured soil is a characteristic of the field, the same site where Pratylenchus alleni was recently discovered (2) and where irregular patches of stunted soybean plants were observed. Morphological and molecular studies of J2 and cysts confirmed the identification of this nematode population as SCN. The J2 were typical for SCN with a body length of 393 to 428 μm, lateral fields harboring four straight lines, a well-developed stylet 23 to 25 μm long, sub-ventral base knobs with posterior slops, a tail length of 43 to 50 μm, and a hyaline part of 23 to 29 μm. Cysts were brown and lemon-shaped with a posterior protuberance, ambifenestrated, underbridged, and had a strongly developed bullae. Key morphometrics were: a cyst fenestra 40 to 57 μm long and 28 to 44 μm wide, and a vulval slit 39 to 53 μm long. All of these are coincident with those of SCN (3). Ribosomal DNA of the ITS, 18S, and D2/D3 regions, and mitochondrial COX1 gene were PCR amplified from cysts and J2s gDNA using primers ITS-F (5′-TTGATTACGTCCCTGCCCTTT-3′) and ITS-R (5′-ACGAGCCGAGTGATCCACCG-3′); 18S-F (5′-TTGGATAACTGTGGTTTAACTAG-3′) and 18S-R (5′-ATTTCACCTCTCACGCAACA-3′); D2A (5′-ACAAGTACCGTGAGGGAAAGT-3′) and D3B (5′-GACCCGTCTTGAAACACGGA-3′); and COXI-F (5′-CCTACTATGATTGGTGGTTTTGGTAATTG-3′) and COX1-R (5′-GTAGCAGCAGTAAAATAAGCACG-3′), respectively, and sequenced. The nucleotide sequences were 98 to 100% similar to those of SCN found in NCBI nr database (July 2013). All the sequences have been submitted to GenBank with the following accession numbers: ITS (KF453621); 18S (KF453622); D2/D3 (KF453623); and COX1 (KF453624). Using species specific sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers (4) also confirmed this was H. glycines. This is the first reported case of SCN in Quebec, Canada. The proximity of St. Anicet to the Ontario border is in accordance with the North/Northeastern dispersal hypothesis. The HG type of the SCN population will have to be determined before any resistant cultivars are deployed for the management of this pathogen in the province. References: (1) T. R. Anderson et al. Plant Dis. 72:453, 1988. (2) G. Bélair et al. Plant Dis. 97:292, 2013. (3) R. H. Mulvey. Can. J. Zool. 50:1277, 1972. (4) S. Ou et al. Nematology 10:397, 2008.

Development of Soybean Cyst Nematode on Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) and Purple Deadnettle (Lamium purpureum)

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1064-1070 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Earl Creech ◽  
Jared S. Webb ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
Jason P. Bond ◽  
S Kent Harrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Annual Weeds

A survey of seven production fields in Indiana, Illinois, and Ohio was conducted to assess henbit and purple deadnettle growth and soybean cyst nematode (SCN) development and reproduction on these weeds. Autumn and spring growth of purple deadnettle and henbit was influenced by location within each state. In general, winter annual weeds were larger in size and reached maturity earlier in the spring at the southern sample sites than those in the north. All growth stages of SCN were found to be associated with henbit and purple deadnettle at both autumn and spring sample timings. SCN juveniles were generally found infecting roots at highest abundance in the spring. SCN cyst and egg production also were widespread and occurred to a much higher degree during the autumn than the spring developmental period. The results of this survey indicate that management tactics designed to minimize the potential for SCN reproduction on winter annual weeds would probably be most effective if conducted in the autumn, when the majority of SCN reproduction occurred. However, spring populations of winter annual weeds that harbor SCN juveniles might facilitate additional SCN reproduction and population increase if the weeds are not controlled in a timely manner prior to planting.

Weed Hosts of Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) in Ohio1

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMARAO VENKATESH ◽  
S.KENT HARRISON ◽  
RICHARD M. RIEDEL
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Weed Hosts

AAC Richard Soybean

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangfu Yu ◽  
Lorna Woodrow ◽  
M. Chun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
High Protein Concentration ◽  
Glycine Max L

AAC Richard is a food grade soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr] cultivar with yellow hilum, high protein concentration, and good processing quality for foreign and domestic soymilk, tofu, and miso markets. It has resistance to SCN (soybean cyst nematode) (Heterodera Glycines Ichinohe). AAC Richard was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Harrow Research and Development Centre (Harrow-RDC), Harrow, Ontario and is adapted to areas of southwest Ontario with 3100 or more crop heat units and has a relative maturity of 2.3 (MG 2.3).

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