scholarly journals Diseases and Disease Management Strategies Take Top Research Priority in the Watermelon Research and Development Group Members Survey (2014 to 2015)

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽  
James Brusca ◽  
William W. Turechek
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Hollow Heart ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Development Group

Watermelon is an important crop grown for its fruit in the United States and many other countries across the world. A survey of members of the Watermelon Research and Development Group was conducted (2014 to 2015) to identify and rank research priorities. Participants were asked to assign a ranking from 1 to 10 for 25 listed priorities with 1 being most important. Priorities were partitioned into five groups on the basis of the results of several complementary analyses. Based on 30 respondents included in the final analysis, diseases and strategies for their management were identified as the most important research priorities. Fusarium wilt and host resistance to gummy stem blight were considered top priorities and were included in group 1. Group 2 included bacterial fruit blotch, anthracnose resistance, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, fruit yield, improved post-harvest fruit quality, and powdery mildew. Group 3 included seedless pollination, Phytophthora fruit rot, seedless hybrid production, hollow heart, downy mildew, firm flesh, and sugar content. Grafting methods, various viral diseases, and whitefly resistance were included in the 4th group. All write-in priorities fell into the 5th group. The present survey results indicates that research efforts should be directed towards developing solutions for managing important watermelon diseases. Accepted for publication 23 March 2016. Published 29 March 2016.

ANCA-Associated Vasculitis Management in the United States: Data from the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) Registry

2021 ◽  
pp. jrheum.201330
Author(s):  
Zachary S. Wallace ◽  
Huifeng Yun ◽  
Jeffrey R. Curtis ◽  
Lang Chen ◽  
John H. Stone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Informatics System ◽  
Anca Associated Vasculitis ◽  
Laboratory Test Results

Objective ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) management has evolved substantially over the last two decades. We sought to characterize AAV treatment patterns in the United States. Methods We identified AAV patients in the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) registry who had at least two rheumatology clinician visits between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2017. Demographics, medications, laboratory test results, and billing codes were extracted from the medical record. Demographic and prescription trends were assessed overall and across US regions. Results We identified 1,462 AAV patients, 259 (18%) with new or relapsing AAV. The majority were classified as having granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, 75%). The mean age was 59.8 years and 59% were female. The majority of patients were in the South (45%) followed by the Mid-West (32%), West (12%), and Northeast (8%). Patients had a median of 3 visits and follow-up of 579 days. The most commonly prescribed medications during the study period were glucocorticoids (86%) followed by rituximab (45%), methotrexate (33%), azathioprine (32%) and mycophenolate mofetil (18%); cyclophosphamide was rarely used (97, 7%). At the most recent visits in RISE, 47% of patients were on glucocorticoids. Prescription trends were similar across regions. Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate the demographics and management of AAV by rheumatologists outside of major referral centers. Management strategies vary widely but cyclophosphamide is rarely used. These observations can be used to inform future research priorities. Additional studies are needed to characterize AAV severity in RISE and patient and provider treatment preferences.

scholarly journals Principles of Collaborative Education Research With Stakeholders: Toward Requirements for a New Research and Development Infrastructure

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Penuel ◽  
Robbin Riedy ◽  
Michael S. Barber ◽  
Donald J. Peurach ◽  
Whitney A. LeBouef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Education Research ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equity In Education ◽  
Collaborative Education ◽  
Community Based Design ◽  
New Research

A group of collaborative approaches to education research sits uneasily within the existing infrastructure for research and development in the United States. The researchers in this group hold themselves to account to ways of working with schools, families, and communities that are different from the ways envisioned by models for education research promoted in U.S. policies and endorsed by U.S. federal agencies. Those models, widely supported by funders, privilege the research priorities of individual investigators and regularly yield products and findings with little relevance to educational practice. In this article, we review four collaborative approaches: Community-based Design Research, Design-based Implementation Research, Improvement Science in Networked Improvement Communities, and the Strategic Education Research Partnership. Through a participatory process involving developers and advocates for these approaches, we identified a set of interconnected principles related to collaboration, problem solving, and research. Further, we reviewed evidence of these principles in projects belonging to these four approaches. We contend it is worth attempting to understand, build upon, and support enactments of these principles in research proposals and projects, because there is evidence these approaches can promote agency and equity in education. To do so would require the field to develop criteria for judging quality, which peers can use to evaluate individual studies or sets of research; new outcomes by which to measure progress; new venues for developing and giving accounts of research; and an appreciation for the value of developing and cultivating relationships with educators, families, and communities as an integral part of research.

A History of Geothermal Energy Research and Development in the United States. Reservoir Engineering 1976-2006

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mack Kennedy ◽  
Karsten Pruess ◽  
Marcelo J. Lippmann ◽  
Ernest L. Majer ◽  
Peter E. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reservoir Engineering ◽  
Energy Research ◽  
History Of

A HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE ACCOUNTING TREATMENT OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Nix ◽  
David E. Nix
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Accounting Rules

This study reviews the literature and the practice of accounting for research and development (R&D) costs from the first reference in 1917 to the current treatment. The conceptual treatment of R&D is compared to current financial accounting rules and explanation of the evolution of the current rules is presented. The economic and social consequences of the current rules which require R&D costs to be expressed are examined. The paper explores possible alternative treatment of R&D costs. As a contrast to U.S. practice, the accounting treatment of R&D costs in other countries is discussed. Given the findings of this paper, a strong case can be made for changing the way that R&D costs are accounted for in the United States.

scholarly journals Exploring the Use of Ecosystem Services Conceptual Models to Account for the Benefits of Public Lands: An Example from National Forest Planning in the United States

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Lydia Olander ◽  
Katie Warnell ◽  
Travis Warziniack ◽  
Zoe Ghali ◽  
Chris Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Service ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Public Lands ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forest Planning ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Planning Team ◽  
National Forest Planning

A shared understanding of the benefits and tradeoffs to people from alternative land management strategies is critical to successful decision-making for managing public lands and fostering shared stewardship. This study describes an approach for identifying and monitoring the types of resource benefits and tradeoffs considered in National Forest planning in the United States under the 2012 Planning Rule and demonstrates the use of tools for conceptualizing the production of ecosystem services and benefits from alternative land management strategies. Efforts to apply these tools through workshops and engagement exercises provide opportunities to explore and highlight measures, indicators, and data sources for characterizing benefits and tradeoffs in collaborative environments involving interdisciplinary planning teams. Conceptual modeling tools are applied to a case study examining the social and economic benefits of recreation on the Ashley National Forest. The case study illustrates how these types of tools facilitate dialog for planning teams to discuss alternatives and key ecosystem service outcomes, create easy to interpret visuals that map details in plans, and provide a basis for selecting ecosystem service (socio-economic) metrics. These metrics can be used to enhance environmental impact analysis, and help satisfy the goals of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the 2012 Planning Rule, and shared stewardship initiatives. The systematic consideration of ecosystem services outcomes and metrics supported by this approach enhanced dialog between members of the Forest planning team, allowed for a more transparent process in identification of key linkages and outcomes, and identified impacts and outcomes that may not have been apparent to the sociologist who is lacking the resource specific expertise of these participants. As a result, the use of the Ecosystem Service Conceptual Model (ESCM) process may result in reduced time for internal reviews and greater comprehension of anticipated outcomes and impacts of proposed management in the plan revision Environmental Impact Statement amongst the planning team.

scholarly journals Free Tissue Transfer in Pressure Ulcer Reconstruction: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. e35-e39
Author(s):  
Chelsi Robertson ◽  
Charles Patterson ◽  
Hugo St. Hilaire ◽  
Frank H. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Free Tissue Transfer ◽  
Free Flaps ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Flap ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Tissue Transfer ◽  
Cochrane Database

Abstract Background Pressure ulcers (PUs) affect 2.5 million people in the United States annually and incur health-care costs of 11 billion dollars annually. Stage III/IV PU often require local flap reconstruction. Unfortunately, PU recurrence is common following reconstruction; recurrence rates as high as 82% have been reported. When local flap options are inadequate, free tissue transfer may be indicated but the indications have yet to be delineated. To develop evidence-based guidelines for the use of free flaps in PU reconstruction, we performed a systematic review. Methods A systematic review of the available English-language, peer-reviewed literature was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Articles were manually reviewed for relevance. Results Out of 272 articles identified, 10 articles were included in the final analysis. Overall, this systematic review suggests that free-flap PU reconstruction yields fewer recurrences compared with local flaps (0–20 vs. 13–82%). Further, several types of free flaps for PU reconstruction were identified in this review, along with their indications. Conclusion Free tissue transfer should be considered for recurrent PU. We offer specific recommendations for their use in PU reconstruction.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Health Care Workers in the United States

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Shekhar ◽  
Abu Baker Sheikh ◽  
Shubhra Upadhyay ◽  
Mriganka Singh ◽  
Saket Kottewar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
Study Population ◽  
To Receive

Background: Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine will play a major role in combating the pandemic. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are among the first group to receive vaccination, so it is important to consider their attitudes about COVID-19 vaccination to better address barriers to widespread vaccination acceptance. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study to assess the attitude of HCWs toward COVID-19 vaccination. Data were collected between 7 October and 9 November 2020. We received 4080 responses out of which 3479 were complete responses and were included in the final analysis. Results: 36% of respondents were willing to take the vaccine as soon as it became available while 56% were not sure or would wait to review more data. Only 8% of HCWs do not plan to get vaccine. Vaccine acceptance increased with increasing age, education, and income level. A smaller percentage of female (31%), Black (19%), Lantinx (30%), and rural (26%) HCWs were willing to take the vaccine as soon as it became available than the overall study population. Direct medical care providers had higher vaccine acceptance (49%). Safety (69%), effectiveness (69%), and speed of development/approval (74%) were noted as the most common concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccination in our survey.

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