scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of the Fusarium graminearum Species Complex in Japan

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Suga ◽  
G. W. Karugia ◽  
T. Ward ◽  
L. R. Gale ◽  
K. Tomimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Rflp Markers ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
The North ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex

Members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex are important cereal pathogens worldwide and belong to one of at least nine phylogenetically distinct species. We examined 298 strains of the F. graminearum species complex collected from wheat or barley in Japan to determine the species and trichothecene chemotype. Phylogenetic analyses and species-diagnostic polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLPs) revealed the presence and differential distribution of F. graminearum sensu stricto (s. str.) and F. asiaticum in Japan. F. graminearum s. str. is predominant in the north, especially in the Hokkaido area, while F. asiaticum is predominant in southern regions. In the Tohoku area, these species co-occurred. Trichothecene chemotyping of all strains by multiplex PCR revealed significantly different chemotype compositions of these species. All 50 strains of F. graminearum s. str. were of a 15- or 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol type, while 173 (70%) out of 246 strains of F. asiaticum were of a nivalenol type. The possibility of gene flow between the two species was investigated by use of 15 PCR-RFLP markers developed in this study. However, no obvious hybrids were detected from 98 strains examined, including strains collected from regions where both species co-occur.

Phylogenetic analyses of Fusarium graminearum strains from cereals in Italy, and characterisation of their molecular and chemical chemotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Somma ◽  
A. L. Petruzzella ◽  
A. F. Logrieco ◽  
G. Meca ◽  
O. S. Cacciola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Almost All

The Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is a pathogen of durum wheat and other cereals worldwide. The complex consists of at least 15 species that can produce various mycotoxins, including trichothecenes, associated with human and animals toxicoses. In particular, deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and their different acetylated derivatives can be produced by the different chemotypes of the complex. In this study, 90 strains, isolated mainly from wheat in Italy and belonging to the FGSC, were assessed for their phylogeny and their chemotype and trichothecene genotype. Almost all strains of the FGSC belonged to F. graminearum sensu stricto, whereas two strains were F. cortaderiae. On the other hand, all three chemotypes, 3ADON, 15ADON and NIV, occurred; 15ADON was the most common molecular chemotype. The data show that the species composition of the Italian FGSC is homogeneous, whereas wide chemotype variability can occur within F. graminearum sensu stricto.

scholarly journals Fusarium graminearum Species Complex Associated with Maize Crowns and Roots in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Lamprecht ◽  
Y. T. Tewoldemedhin ◽  
W. J. Botha ◽  
F. J. Calitz
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Crown And Root Rot

Thirty-three isolates of the Fusarium graminearum species complex obtained from diseased maize (Zea mays) crowns and roots in the Winterton district, KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa were identified to species level. Their pathogenicity and virulence to maize ‘PHI 32D96B’ seedlings were determined under glasshouse conditions, with seedling survival and growth and crown and root rot as criteria. Phylogenetic analyses using the 3-O-acetyltransferase (Tri101) gene region sequences revealed the presence of F. boothii (2 isolates), F. graminearum sensu stricto (26 isolates), and F. meridionale (5 isolates) in the F. graminearum species complex associated with diseased maize crowns and roots. Pathogenicity results showed that F. boothii was the most and F. meridionale the least virulent of the three species. F. boothii and F. graminearum sensu stricto significantly reduced survival of seedlings and all three species caused significant reduction in growth and significantly more crown and root rot than the control (uninoculated). This is the first report of F. boothii, F. graminearum sensu stricto, and F. meridionale associated with diseased maize crowns and roots and their pathogenicity and virulence as soilborne pathogens on maize seedlings in South Africa.

scholarly journals Analysis of Fusarium graminearum Species Complex from Wheat–Maize Rotation Regions in Henan (China)

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Hao ◽  
Shu Na Xie ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Gong Qiang Yang ◽  
Jia Zhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Predominant Pathogen ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Maize Stalks

Fusarium head blight (FHB) and maize stalk rot (MSR), caused by members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC), are among the most destructive and economically important diseases in the world. Species identity and the trichothecene chemotype of 312 members of the FGSC from diseased wheat spikes and maize stalks in Henan was determined using phylogenetic analyses and a polymerase chain reaction trichothecene chemotype assay. F. graminearum sensu stricto accounted for more than 93% of the FGSC isolates associated with FHB (N = 168) and MSR (N = 130). The remaining isolates were F. asiaticum. Significant differences were found in the frequencies of the two species within the hosts (P < 0.01). However, the frequencies of the same species in FHB and MSR were similar (P > 0.05) for wheat and maize isolates, indicating that the composition of the FGSC with respect to wheat and maize in these fields varied little. The 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) trichothecene chemotype represented 92.7 and 98.5% of isolates from wheat (N = 167) and maize (N = 130), respectively. However, the 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol chemotype was found in 6.7% of wheat isolates, and the nivalenol chemotype in 1.5% of MSR isolates and in 0.6% of FHB isolates. Mycelial growth at different concentrations of carbendazim and difenoconazole did not differ between F. graminearum sensu stricto and F. asiaticum. These results suggest that the 15-ADON chemotype of F. graminearum sensu stricto is the predominant pathogen that causes wheat- and maize-related diseases in this region. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Analysis of Fusarium graminearum Species Complex from Freshly Harvested Rice in Jiangsu Province (China)

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (8) ◽  
pp. 2138-2143
Author(s):  
Fei Dong ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Jian Hong Xu ◽  
Jian Rong Shi ◽  
Yin-Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
Dark Staining ◽  
Major Pathogens

Members of Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) are the major pathogens that cause Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals worldwide. Symptoms of FHB on rice, including dark staining or browning of rice glumes, were recently observed in Jiangsu Province, China. To improve our understanding of the pathogens involved, 201 FGSC isolates were obtained from freshly harvested rice samples and identified by phylogenetic analyses. Among the 201 FGSC isolates, 196 were F. asiaticum and the remaining 5 were F. graminearum. Trichothecene chemotype and chemical analyses showed that 68.4% of the F. asiaticum isolates were the 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON) chemotype and the remainder were the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype. All of the F. graminearum isolates were the 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol chemotype. Pathogenicity assays showed that both the 3ADON and NIV chemotypes of F. asiaticum could infect wheat and rice spikes. FHB severity and trichothecene toxin analysis revealed that F. asiaticum with the NIV chemotype was less aggressive than that with the 3ADON chemotype in wheat, while the NIV-producing strains were more virulent than the 3ADON-producing strains in rice. F. asiaticum isolates with different chemotypes did not show significant differences in mycelial growth, sporulation, conidial dimensions, or perithecial production. These findings would provide useful information for developing management strategies for the control of FHB in China.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic analyses of the Fusarium graminearum species complex isolated from soybean in Argentina and Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Chiotta ◽  
M. S. Alaniz Zanon ◽  
G. Giaj-Merlera ◽  
D. Tessmann ◽  
G. G. Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum Species Complex

scholarly journals Cryptic species diversity in polypores: the Skeletocutis nivea species complex

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 45-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aku Korhonen ◽  
Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan ◽  
Otto Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
The North ◽  
Morphological Species

We propose a taxonomic revision of the two closely related white-rot polypore species,Skeletocutisnivea(Jungh.) Jean Keller andS.ochroalbaNiemelä (Incrustoporiaceae, Basidiomycota), based on phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and translation elongation factor EF-1α sequences. We show that prevailing morphological species concepts ofS.niveaandS.ochroalbaare non-monophyletic and we delineate new species boundaries based on phylogenetic inference. We recognise eleven species within the prevailing species concept ofS.nivea(S.calidasp. nov.,S.coprosmaecomb. nov.,S.futilissp. nov.,S.imperviasp. nov.,S.ipuletiisp. nov.,S.lepidasp. nov.,S.nemoralissp. nov.,S.niveasensu typi,S.semipileatacomb. nov.,S.unguinasp. nov.andS.yuchengiisp. nov.) and assign new sequenced epitypes forS.niveaandS.semipileata.The traditional concept ofS.ochroalbacomprises two independent lineages embedded within theS.niveaspecies complex. The Eurasian conifer-dwelling speciesS.cummatasp. nov.is recognised as separate from the North AmericanS.ochroalbasensu stricto. Despite comprehensive microscopic examination, the majority of the recognised species are left without stable diagnostic character combinations that would enable species identification based solely on morphology and ecology.

The genetic relationship between Bombus moderatus Cresson and the Bombus lucorum auct. species complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2264-2268 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Scholl ◽  
E. Obrecht ◽  
R. E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The North ◽  
Bombus Lucorum ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Present Distribution ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the North American bumble bee species Bombus moderatus Cresson and the European and Asian species in the subgenus Bombus sensu stricto has long been in question. Bombus moderatus has either been regarded as a distinct species or has been synonymized with B. lucorum (L.). We surveyed 10 Bombus s.str. species at 26 enzyme loci, using horizontal and vertical starch-gel electrophoresis. We found that B. moderatus differs from B. lucorum at three loci but is identical in these and all other loci surveyed with B. cryptarum (Fabricius) and B. magnus Vogt. The present distribution of B. moderatus, together with the observation that its closest relatives are the European B. cryptarum and B. magnus and the Asian B. hypocrita Pérez, suggests that differentiation occurred after dispersal to North America via Beringia.

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