scholarly journals Variability of Three Isolates of Botrytis cinerea Affects the Inhibitory Effects of Calcium on this Fungus

2000 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 769-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine O. Chardonnet ◽  
Carl E. Sams ◽  
Robert N. Trigiano ◽  
William S. Conway
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Sporulation Rate ◽  
Polygalacturonase Activity

Botrytis cinerea is an economically important pathogen. Epidemiological studies are difficult because of the genetic variability within this species. The objectives of this work were to study the variability and to compare the inhibitory effects of Ca on three isolates of B. cinerea from decayed apple (B) and grape (C and C77:4). Among these isolates, B had the least radial growth but had a sporulation rate 40% higher than that of both C77:4 and C. In situ, isolate C incited the largest decay area in the fruit of two of four apple cultivars examined and had the highest polygalacturonase activity in vitro. Maximum mycelial growth was reached with CaCl2 at 1 g liter-1 for isolates B and C77:4 and at 4 g liter-1 for isolate C. Calcium (CaCl2) inhibited polygalacturonase activity at 1 g liter-1 for C and C77:4 and at 16 g liter-1 for B. Calcium infiltration reduced decay caused by all three isolates by three to five times. Mycelial DNA analysis showed that 42% of the character loci scored were polymorphic and the greatest similarities were found between B and C77:4. These results support the evidence that the biological and statistical variability in research can be affected by the B. cinerea isolate selected. Despite this variation, Ca treatment of apples reduced decay caused by all three Botrytis cinerea isolates.

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DO REAL POTENCIAL INIBIDOR DE EXTRATOS ETANÓLICOS DE Ottonia martiana SOBRE Cylindrocladium spathulatum E Botrytis cinerea

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Miriam Machado Cunico ◽  
Celso Garcia Auer ◽  
Marlon Wesley Machado Cunico ◽  
Obdulio Gomes Miguel ◽  
Patricio Peralta Zamora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Potential

 Extratos etanólicos de anestesia, Ottonia martiana Miq., foram reavaliados quanto à inibição do crescimento micelial dos fungos Cylindrocladium spathulatum (pinta-preta da erva-mate) e Botrytis cinerea (mofo-cinzento do eucalipto), por meio do planejamento fatorial. A ocorrência de decomposição de bioativos no processo de autoclavagem também foi investigada, por meio de teste de eficiência de extratos filtrados (filtro Millipore) e esterilizados (autoclave) no controle dos fitopatógenos, nas concentrações de 1, 10, 100 e 1000 ppm. Os extratos etanólicos filtrado e esterilizado inibiram o crescimento micelial dos fungos e foram mais ativos frente a B. cinerea.O extrato filtrado exibiu maior potencial antifúngico que o extrato esterilizado. O processo de esterilização por autoclavagem causou pequena decomposição dos bioativos presentes no extrato de anestesia.Palavras-chave: Anestesia; mofo-cinzento; pinta-preta. Abstract Fungitoxic potential of ethanolic extracts of anestesia in the control of phytopathogenic diseases. The antifungal potential of anestesia, Ottonia martiana Miq. was reassessed by factorial design, in vitro testing of fungal mycelial growth compared to the pathogenic isolates Cylindrocladium spathulatum, causal agent of black spot onyerba mate, and Botrytis cinerea causal agent of gray-mold on eucalypts. Occurrence of decomposition of bioactive of the autoclaving process was investigated using foliar detached test compared to the pathogens (1000 ppm). Ethanolic extracts - EBEtOH (filtered and autoclaved) inhibited the mycelial growth of C. spathulatum and B. cinerea (1000 ppm) and were more pronounced against B. cinerea (43.6 % and 68.9 %). EBEtOH filtered (0.22 µm) presented higher activity than EBEtOH autoclaved (C. spathulatum: 52.8 % and 43.6 %, B. cinerea: 68.9 % and 43.6 %), suggesting little decomposition ofbioactive after autoclaving. EBEtOH filtrate presented potential inhibition of 28 % in eucalypt leaves against B. cinerea.  Keywords: Ottonia martiana; black spot; gray-mold.

scholarly journals Saprophytic microorganisms with potential for biological control of Botrytis cinerea on Geraldton waxflower flowers

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Beasley ◽  
D. C. Joyce ◽  
L. M. Coates ◽  
A. H. Wearing
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Flower Abscission ◽  
Germ Tube Elongation

Saprophytic bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi were isolated from Geraldton waxflower flowers and screened to identify potential antagonism towards Botrytis cinerea. Isolates from other sources (e.g. avocado) were also tested. Isolates were initially screened in vitro for inhibition of B. cinerea conidial germination, germ tube elongation and mycelial growth. The most antagonistic bacteria, yeasts and fungi were selected for further testing on detached waxflower flowers. Conidia of the pathogen were mixed with conidia or cells of the selected antagonists, co-inoculated onto waxflower flowers, and the flowers were sealed in glass jars and incubated at 20˚C. The number of days required for the pathogen to cause flower abscission was determined. The most antagonistic bacterial isolate, Pseudomonas sp. 677, significantly reduced conidial germination and retarded germ tube elongation of B. cinerea. None of the yeast or fungal isolates tested was found to significantly reduce conidial germination or retard germ tube elongation, but several significantly inhibited growth of B. cinerea. Fusarium sp., Epicoccum sp. and Trichoderma spp. were the most antagonistic of these isolates. Of the isolates tested on waxflower, Pseudomonas sp. 677 was highly antagonistic towards B. cinerea and delayed waxflower abscission by about 3 days. Trichoderma harzianum also significantly delayed flower abscission. However, as with most of the fungal antagonists used, inoculation of waxflower flowers with this isolate resulted in unsightly mycelial growth.

scholarly journals Effects of SHAM on the Sensitivity of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea to QoI Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 1884-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Liang ◽  
Jinli Li ◽  
Chaoxi Luo ◽  
Jianhong Li ◽  
Fu-Xing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Qoi Fungicides ◽  
Quinone Outside Inhibitor ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
The Ideal

It is a common practice to add salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) into artificial medium in the in vitro sensitivity assay of fungal phytopathogens to the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides. The rationale for adding SHAM is to inhibit fungal alternative oxidase, which is presumed to be inhibited by secondary metabolites of plants. Therefore, the ideal characteristics of SHAM should be almost nontoxic to phytopathogens and have no significant effect on control efficacy of fungicides. However, this study showed that the average effective concentration for 50% inhibition (EC50) of mycelial growth values of SHAM were 97.5 and 401.4 μg/ml for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea, respectively. EC50 values of the three QoI fungicides azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and trifloxystrobin in the presence of SHAM at 20 and 80 μg/ml for S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea, respectively, declined by 52.7 to 78.1% compared with those without SHAM. For the dicarboximide fungicide dimethachlone, the average EC50 values in the presence of SHAM declined by 18.2% (P = 0.008) for S. sclerotiorum and 35.9% (P = 0.012) for B. cinerea. Pot experiments showed that SHAM increased control efficacy of the three QoI fungicides against the two pathogens by 43 to 83%. For dimethachlone, SHAM increased control efficacy by 134% for S. sclerotiorum and 86% for B. cinerea. Biochemical studies showed that SHAM significantly inhibited peroxidase activity (P = 0.024) of B. cinerea and esterase activity (P = 0.015) of S. sclerotiorum. The strong inhibitions of SHAM per se on mycelial growth of B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum and significant influences on the sensitivity of the two pathogens to both the QoI fungicides and dimethachlone as well as inhibitions on peroxidase and esterase indicate that SHAM should not be added in the in vitro assay of sensitivity to the QoI fungicides.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Gonadoblastoma in Females with Turner Syndrome and Y Chromosome Material: A Population Study*

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 3199-3202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Højbjerg Gravholt ◽  
Jens Fedder ◽  
Rune Weis Naeraa ◽  
Jørn Müller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Histopathological Evaluation ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Chromosome Material

Abstract The presence of Y chromosome material in patients with Turner syndrome is a risk factor for the development of gonadoblastoma. However, no cases with gonadoblastoma or other ovarian malignancies have been found in epidemiological studies of cancer, morbidity, or mortality in Turner syndrome. We examined 114 females with Turner syndrome for the presence of Y chromosome material by PCR. Initially, five different primer sets were used. Y Chromosome-positive individuals were further examined with an additional four primer sets. We found 14 (12.2%; 95% confidence interval, 6.9–19.7%) patients who had Y chromosome material. The karyotype in 7 of these patients did not suggest the presence of Y chromosome material. Seven of the patients had been ovariectomized before entering the study due to verified Y chromosome material, whereas three patients were operated upon after the DNA analysis. The histopathological evaluations showed that 1 of the 10 ovariectomized patients actually had a gonadoblastoma. The rest of the patients did not have gonadoblastoma or carcinoma in situ on histopathological evaluation. Three patients (age, >50 yr) positive for Y chromosome material chose not to have ovariectomy performed, and detailed ultrasonographies did not suggest the presence of gonadoblastoma. The frequency of Y chromosome material is high in Turner syndrome (12.2%), but the occurrence of gonadoblastoma among Y-positive patients seems to be low (7–10%), and the risk may have been overestimated in previous studies, perhaps due to problems with selection bias. This study emphasizes the need for prospective unbiased studies.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Pythium spp. and Suppression of Pythium Blight of Turfgrasses with Phosphonate Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip J. Cook ◽  
Peter J. Landschoot ◽  
Maxim J. Schlossberg
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Phosphorous Acid ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

Pythium aphanidermatum and other Pythium spp. cause Pythium blight of turfgrasses in the United States. Phosphonate fungicides suppress Pythium blight when applied preventatively, but efficacy may vary with product, rate and timing of application, and host species. The objectives of this study were to assess the inhibitory effects of phosphorous acid on Pythium spp. in vitro, and determine if active ingredient and formulation of phosphonate fungicides provide similar levels of Pythium blight suppression on perennial ryegrass and creeping bentgrass when applied at equivalent rates of phosphorous acid. Phosphorous acid EC50 values (effective concentration that reduces mycelial growth by 50%) for P. aphanidermatum isolates ranged from 35.6 to 171.8 μg/ml. EC50 values for isolates of six other Pythium spp. were between 38.7 and 220.8 μg/ml. In 2004 and 2005, all phosphonate treatments provided significant suppression of Pythium blight symptoms on creeping bentgrass and perennial ryegrass relative to the untreated control. No differences in percentage of blighted turf occurred among phosphonate treatments when applied at equivalent rates of phosphorous acid in either year of the study, regardless of active ingredient, formulation, or turfgrass species.

scholarly journals Hormetic Effects of Mixtures of Carbendazim and Iprodione on the Virulence of Botrytis cinerea

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menglong Cong ◽  
Shun He ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Chaoxi Luo ◽  
Fuxing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Additive Interaction ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Fungicide Mixtures ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hormetic effects of fungicides on mycelial growth and virulence of plant pathogenic fungi have been reported, but the effects of fungicide mixtures on virulence hormesis of plant pathogens remain to be investigated. In this study, hormetic effects of mixtures of carbendazim and iprodione on the virulence of two carbendazim-resistant isolates of Botrytis cinerea were determined. Spraying carbendazim alone at 3 to 800 μg/ml exhibited hormetic effects on virulence to cucumber leaves, and carbendazim at 10 μg/ml had the maximum stimulation of 16.7% for isolate HBtom451. Spraying iprodione alone at 0.0001 to 0.0625 μg/ml exhibited hormetic effects on virulence, and iprodione at 0.025 μg/ml had the maximum stimulation of 18.7% for isolate HBtom451. However, spraying simultaneously carbendazim at 800 μg/ml and iprodione at 0.0625 μg/ml showed inhibitory effects on virulence to cucumber leaves. The mixture of carbendazim at 3 μg/ml and iprodione at 0.0001 μg/ml had much higher virulence stimulations than either fungicide at the same concentration alone. The maximum stimulation for the mixtures occurred at 10 and 0.0005 μg/ml for carbendazim and iprodione, respectively, and these concentrations were much lower than the concentration of their respective fungicide alone eliciting the maximum stimulations. The maximum stimulation amplitude for the mixture was slightly higher than that of each fungicide alone. These results demonstrated that carbendazim and iprodione mainly had dose-additive rather than amplitude-additive interactions when sprayed simultaneously with regard to virulence stimulations. Studies on virulence stimulations for mycelia treated with fungicide in potato dextrose agar showed that the maximum stimulation for the mixtures occurred at concentrations much lower than the concentration of carbendazim alone, indicating a dose-additive interaction when compared with carbendazim hormesis. Studies on potential physiological mechanisms of hormesis showed that increased tolerance to H2O2 may be one of the mechanisms for virulence hormesis for the mixtures of iprodione and carbendazim. These studies will advance our understanding of hormesis of fungicide mixtures.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Hospital Cleaning Agents and Germicides Against EpidemicClostridium difficileStrains

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 920-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren N. Fawley ◽  
Sarah Underwood ◽  
Jane Freeman ◽  
Simon D. Baines ◽  
Katie Saxton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Spore Form ◽  
Cleaning Agent ◽  
Cleaning Agents ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sporulation Rate ◽  
Hospital Cleaning

Objective.To compare the effects of hospital cleaning agents and germicides on the survival of epidemicClostridium difficilestrains.Methods.We compared the activity of and effects of exposure to 5 cleaning agents and/or germicides (3 containing chlorine, 1 containing only detergent, and 1 containing hydrogen peroxide) on vegetative and spore forms of epidemic and non-epidemicC. difficilestrains (3 of each). We carried out in vitro exposure experiments using a human fecal emulsion to mimic conditions found in situ.Results.Cleaning agent and germicide exposure experiments yielded very different results forC. difficilevegetative cells, compared with those for spores. Working-strength concentrations of all of the agents inhibited the growth ofC. difficilein culture. However, when used at recommended working concentrations, only chlorine-based germicides were able to inactivateC. difficilespores.C. difficileepidemic strains had a greater sporulation rate than nonepidemic strains. The mean sporulation rate, expressed as the proportion of a cell population that is in spore form, was 13% for all strains not exposed to any cleaning agent or germicide, and it was significantly increased by exposure to cleaning agents or germicides containing detergent alone (34%), a combination of detergent and hypochlorite (24%), or hydrogen peroxide (33%). By contrast, the mean sporulation rate did not change substantially after exposure to germicides containing either a combination of detergent and dichloroisocyanurate (9%) or dichloroisocyanurate alone (15%).Conclusions.These results highlight differences in the activity of cleaning agents and germicides againstC. difficilespores and the potential for some of these products to promote sporulation.

Effet de composés phénoliques et de substances provenant de l'appareil souterrain de la Pomme de terre sur la croissance et la sclérotifïcation in vitro du Rhizoctonia solani

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
B. E. Otrysko ◽  
G. J. Banville ◽  
A. Asselin
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Pomme De Terre ◽  
Composés Phénoliques ◽  
Visible Effect

We tested the hypothesis that phenolic compounds initiate the formation of sclerotia in Rhizoctonia solani AG 3. Water soluble substances were recovered in situ from the underground parts of undisturbed potato plants by adsorption onto columns fitted with a water circulating device. These extracts inhibited mycelial growth of five isolates of R. solani belonging to anastomosis groups AG 1, AG 2, AG 3 and AG 4. However, there was no effect on the initiation of sclerotia. Fourteen phenolic compounds were bioassayed in vitro at concentrations ranging from 10−3 to 10−6 M against these same isolates. Phenolic acids had no significant effect on mycelial growth, whereas the substituted aldehydes were inhibitory at 10−3 and 10−4 M. There was no visible effect on sclerotial initiation.

scholarly journals Bryophyte extracts suppress growth of the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nedeljko Latinovic ◽  
Marko Sabovljevic ◽  
Milorad Vujicic ◽  
Jelena Latinovic ◽  
Aneta Sabovljevic
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Leafy Liverwort

In this study, the extracts of three selected bryophyte species are shown to have inhibitory effects on grey mould disease (Botrytis cinerea). Methanol extracts of one leafy liverwort (Porella platyphylla) and two mosses, one aquatic (Cinclidotus fontinaloides) and one terrestrial (Anomodon viticulosus), were applied in vitro to Botrytis cinerea, after which tests showed suppression of fungal development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document