Conjugated Linoleic Acid Reduces Body Weight and Body Fat in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes

Studies with human beings and animals have shown that dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) promotes changes in body structure, markedly, body fat reduction. This research aimed to assess the effect of CLA (60% of conjugated linoleic acid methyl ester, at the proportion of 1:1 of the 9, 11: 10, 12 isomers) on changes in body weight, subcutaneous tissue thickness, body fat mass and concentration of serum lipids (triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL) in overweight dogs. Dogs of different breeds weighting 16.85±7.13 assigned in a randomized assay. Two types of diets were offered for 120 days: control (-CLA) and test (+CLA, 0.3%). There was no difference between control and test groups considering body weight and serum levels of triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and LDL portion. There was a significant difference between the final and initial results for subcutaneous tissue thickness and body fat mass and for serum concentration of HDL in dogs supplemented with CLA. The addition of 0.3% of CLA in the diet of overweight dogs decreased the fat deposition on subcutaneous tissue and the development of body fat mass but increased blood levels of HDL.

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The Association of Dietary Intakes and Gut Microbiota in Korean Lean and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa062_007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1550-1550

Author(s):

Ha-Neul Choi ◽

Jung-Eun Yim

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Weight ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Body Fat ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

The Body ◽

Proper Function ◽

The Difference

Abstract Objectives Several studies have reported that dysbiosis of the gut microbiota as a key role in rapid progression of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The diet can affect the composition and proper function of the gut microbiota. However, the association of diets, blood parameters, and gut microbiota studies have not been fully investigated in Korean subjects. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize and compare the dietary intake, blood parameters, and gut microbiota in Korean lean and obese T2DM patients. Methods T2DM patients were recruited. We are classified as obese group (ODM; body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) and lean group (LDM; BMI < 25 kg/m2). The anthropometric data, body composition, and blood parameters were measured. 3-day food record evaluation was used to analyze dietary intake using computer aided nutritional program (version. 5.0). The gut microbiota was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR. The collected data were analyzed statistically using SPSS statistics (version 25.0). Results Body weight, body fat mass, and % body fat of the ODM group were significantly higher than the LDM group. Compared with the ODM group, serum adropin and adiponectin of the LDM group were significant higher, whereas serum leptin of the LDM group was significant lower. The intakes of energy, fat, cholesterol, and protein in the ODM group tended to be higher in comparison the LDM group, although the difference was not significant. The difference of gut microbiota between the LDM and ODM groups was not found. However, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly increased in accordance with BMI, the Prevotella was also positive correlated with PUFA intake. In ODM group, the consumption of vegetables was positively correlated with the Lactobacillus. Conclusions We found that the diet can affect the composition of gut microbiota and the effects of diet were different depending of the body weight in Korean T2DM patients. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP).

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Exercise Is Required for Visceral Fat Loss in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2004-1782 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 1511-1518 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

I. Giannopoulou ◽

L. L. Ploutz-Snyder ◽

R. Carhart ◽

R. S. Weinstock ◽

B. Fernhall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Body Fat ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Abdominal Fat ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Monounsaturated Fat

This study examined the effects of aerobic exercise without weight loss, a hypocaloric high monounsaturated fat diet, and diet plus exercise (D+E) on total abdominal and visceral fat loss in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Thirty-three postmenopausal women (body mass index, 34.6 ± 1.9 kg/m2) were assigned to one of three interventions: a hypocaloric high monounsaturated fat diet alone, exercise alone (EX), and D+E for 14 wk. Aerobic capacity, body composition, abdominal fat distribution (magnetic resonance imaging), glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were measured pre- and postintervention. Body weight (∼4.5 kg) and percent body fat (∼5%) were decreased (P < 0.05) with the D and D+E intervention, whereas only percent body fat (∼2.3%) decreased with EX. Total abdominal fat and sc adipose tissue (SAT) were reduced with the D and D+E interventions (P < 0.05), whereas visceral adipose tissue (VAT) decreased with the D+E and EX intervention, but not with the D intervention. EX resulted in a reduction in total abdominal fat, VAT, and SAT (P < 0.05) despite the lack of weight loss. The reductions in total abdominal fat and SAT explained 32.7% and 9.7%, respectively, of the variability in the changes in fasting glucose levels, whereas the reductions in VAT explained 15.9% of the changes in fasting insulin levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, modest weight loss, through either D or D+E, resulted in similar improvements in total abdominal fat, SAT, and glycemic status in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes; however, the addition of exercise to diet is necessary for VAT loss. These data demonstrate the importance of exercise in the treatment of women with type 2 diabetes.

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