Potential for treatment of age‐related muscle atrophy by exogenous nitric oxide and exercise

AbstractIt is widely known that during the reproductive stage (flowering), plants do not root well. Most protocols of shoot regeneration in plants utilize juvenile tissue. Adding these two realities together encouraged us to study the role of florigen in shoot regeneration. Mature tobacco tissue that expresses the endogenous tobacco florigen mRNA regenerates poorly, while juvenile tissue that does not express the florigen regenerates shoots well. Inhibition of Nitric Oxide (NO) synthesis reduced shoot regeneration as well as promoted flowering and increased tobacco florigen level. In contrast, the addition of NO (by way of NO donor) to the tissue increased regeneration, delayed flowering, reduced tobacco florigen mRNA. Ectopic expression of florigen genes in tobacco or tomato decreased regeneration capacity significantly. Overexpression pear PcFT2 gene increased regeneration capacity. During regeneration, florigen mRNA was not changed. We conclude that florigen presence in mature tobacco leaves reduces roots and shoots regeneration and is the possible reason for the age-related decrease in regeneration capacity.

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Exogenous Nitric Oxide Confers Tolerance to Cr(VI) in Maize (Zea mays L.) Seedlings by Modulating Endogenous Oxido-Nitrosative Events

Journal of Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s00344-021-10411-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Oussama Kharbech ◽

Marouane Ben Massoud ◽

Abdelilah Chaoui ◽

Luis Alejandro Jose Mur ◽

Wahbi Djebali

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Zea Mays ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Exogenous Nitric Oxide

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Identification of Withania somnifera-Silybum marianum-Trigonella foenum-graecum Formulation as a Nutritional Supplement to Contrast Muscle Atrophy and Sarcopenia

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Laura Salvadori ◽

Manuela Mandrone ◽

Tommaso Manenti ◽

Catia Ercolani ◽

Luca Cornioli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Kinase ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Muscle Atrophy ◽

Withania Somnifera ◽

Myoblast Differentiation ◽

C2c12 Myotubes ◽

Silybum Marianum ◽

Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽

Age Related

Background: Muscle atrophy, i.e., the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is an unresolved problem associated with aging (sarcopenia) and several pathological conditions. The imbalance between myofibrillary protein breakdown (especially the adult isoforms of myosin heavy chain, MyHC) and synthesis, and the reduction of muscle regenerative potential are main causes of muscle atrophy. Methods: Starting from one-hundred dried hydroalcoholic extracts of medical plants, we identified those able to contrast the reduction of C2C12 myotube diameter in well-characterized in vitro models mimicking muscle atrophy associated to inflammatory states, glucocorticoid treatment or nutrient deprivation. Based on their ability to rescue type II MyHC (MyHC-II) expression in atrophying conditions, six extracts with different phytochemical profiles were selected, mixed in groups of three, and tested on atrophic myotubes. The molecular mechanism underpinning the effects of the most efficacious formulation, and its efficacy on myotubes obtained from muscle biopsies of young and sarcopenic subjects were also investigated. Results: We identified WST (Withania somnifera, Silybum marianum, Trigonella foenum-graecum) formulation as extremely efficacious in protecting C2C12 myotubes against MyHC-II degradation by stimulating Akt (protein kinase B)-dependent protein synthesis and p38 MAPK (p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase)/myogenin-dependent myoblast differentiation. WST sustains trophism in C2C12 and young myotubes, and rescues the size, developmental MyHC expression and myoblast fusion in sarcopenic myotubes. Conclusion: WST strongly counteracts muscle atrophy associated to different conditions in vitro. The future validation in vivo of our results might lead to the use of WST as a food supplement to sustain muscle mass in diffuse atrophying conditions, and to reverse the age-related functional decline of human muscles, thus improving people quality of life and reducing social and health-care costs.

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Age-related changes in nitric oxide activity, cyclic GMP, and TBARS levels in platelets and erythrocytes reflect the oxidative status in central nervous system

AGE ◽

10.1007/s11357-011-9365-7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 331-342 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Elisa Mitiko Kawamoto ◽

Andrea Rodrigues Vasconcelos ◽

Sabrina Degaspari ◽

Ana Elisa Böhmer ◽

Cristoforo Scavone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cyclic Gmp ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Age Related ◽

Age Related Changes

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Exogenous nitric oxide improved production and content of flavonolignans in milk thistle seeds under water deficit system

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s11738-021-03257-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Esmaeil Zangani ◽

Saeid Zehtab-Salmasi ◽

Babak Andalibi ◽

Abbas Ali Zamani ◽

Masoud Hashemi

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Milk Thistle ◽

Exogenous Nitric Oxide

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Random errors in protein synthesis activate an age-dependent program of muscle atrophy in mice

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-02204-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

James Moore ◽

Rashid Akbergenov ◽

Martina Nigri ◽

Patricia Isnard-Petit ◽

Amandine Grimm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Muscle Atrophy ◽

Strength Analysis ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Random Errors ◽

Age Related ◽

Related Phenotype ◽

Age Dependent ◽

Translation Accuracy ◽

Transcriptomic Changes

AbstractRandom errors in protein synthesis are prevalent and ubiquitous, yet their effect on organismal health has remained enigmatic for over five decades. Here, we studied whether mice carrying the ribosomal ambiguity (ram) mutation Rps2-A226Y, recently shown to increase the inborn error rate of mammalian translation, if at all viable, present any specific, possibly aging-related, phenotype. We introduced Rps2-A226Y using a Cre/loxP strategy. Resulting transgenic mice were mosaic and showed a muscle-related phenotype with reduced grip strength. Analysis of gene expression in skeletal muscle using RNA-Seq revealed transcriptomic changes occurring in an age-dependent manner, involving an interplay of PGC1α, FOXO3, mTOR, and glucocorticoids as key signaling pathways, and finally resulting in activation of a muscle atrophy program. Our results highlight the relevance of translation accuracy, and show how disturbances thereof may contribute to age-related pathologies.

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