Association of vitamin D levels to blood pressure among blacks and whites

Abstract Postmenopausal status has been associated with an unfavorable phenotype tied to hormonal and metabolic changes, which collectively could contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in postmenopausal women and may be linked to this phenotype and especially to an increased risk of developing hypertension. Vitamin D actions are modulated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and metabolic abnormalities have been associated with VDR gene variants in different populations. The aims of the present study were to assess the vitamin D levels, prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and genotypes of Fok-I, Bsm-I, Apa-I and Taq-I polymorphisms in the VDR gene and to determine whether vitamin D deficiency and VDR gene variants are associated with blood pressure levels and systemic arterial hypertension by the 2017 ACC/AHA definition in postmenopausal women. We conducted a cross-sectional study of biobanked blood samples from 339 postmenopausal women with no evidence of clinical disease. Blood pressure strata were defined according to the 2017 ACC/AHA cutoffs. Circulating 25(OH)D levels were considered deficient if <20 ng/mL. Genotype analysis was performed by RT-PCR with allelic discrimination assays. Mean serum total 25(OH)D levels were 22.99±8.54 ng/mL, and 40.1% of participants were deficient in vitamin D. Overall, 7.7% had elevated blood pressure, 36.6% had stage 1 and 37.8% had stage 2 hypertension. Mean total (p=0.014) and free 25(OH)D levels (p=0.029) were lower in women with stage 2 hypertension than in those with normal blood pressure. The CC+CT genotypes of Bsm-I and the AA+AG genotypes of Taq-I polymorphisms were more frequent in women with stage 2 hypertension (Bsm-I CC+CT: 85.8% vs. TT: 14.2%, p=0.045; Taq-I AA+AG: 91.3% vs. GG: 8.7%, p=0.021). A higher prevalence ratio of stage 2 hypertension was associated with age (PR 1.058; 95%CI 1.033-1.083; p<0.001), BMI (PR 1.046; 95%CI 1.025-1.068; p<0.001), vitamin D deficiency (PR 1.333; 95%CI 1.016-1.749; p=0.038) and Taq-I polymorphism (PR 1.764; 95%CI 1.030-3.019; p=0.039). Women with vitamin D deficiency and the AA+AG genotype of Taq-I polymorphism were 33% and 76% more likely to have stage 2 hypertension, respectively, but these analyses lost significance when adjusted for age and BMI. In conclusion, the present results suggest that vitamin D deficiency and Taq-I polymorphism are associated with stage 2 hypertension, depending on age and BMI, in postmenopausal women.

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Vitamin D Deficiency Is a Potential Risk for Blood Pressure Elevation and the Development of Hypertension

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57121297 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (12) ◽

pp. 1297

Author(s):

Yusuf Karadeniz ◽

Fatma Özpamuk-Karadeniz ◽

Süleyman Ahbab ◽

Esra Ataoğlu ◽

Günay Can

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Blood Pressure Elevation ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Low Levels ◽

Optimal Blood Pressure ◽

Hypertension Development

Background and objectives: Hypertension is a global health problem and a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Vitamin D deficiency is closely related to high blood pressure and the development of hypertension. This study investigated the relationship between the vitamin D and blood pressure status in healthy adults, and their 8-year follow-up was added. Materials and Methods: A total of 491 healthy middle-aged participants without any chronic illness, ages 21 to 67 at baseline, were divided into two groups as non-optimal blood pressure (NOBP) and optimal blood pressure (OBP). NOBP group was divided into two subgroups: normal (NBP) and high normal blood pressure (HNBP). Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels were measured with the immunoassay method. 8-year follow-up of the participants was added. Results: The average vitamin D level was detected 32.53 ± 31.50 nmol/L in the OBP group and 24.41 ± 14.40 nmol/L in the NOBP group, and a statistically significant difference was found (p < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, the mean vitamin D level was detected as 24.69 ± 13.74 and 24.28 ± 14.74 nmol/L in NBP and HNBP, respectively. Together with parathyroid hormone, other metabolic parameters were found to be significantly higher in the NOBP. During a median follow-up of 8 years, higher hypertension development rates were seen in NOBP group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The low levels of vitamin D were significantly associated with NBP and HNBP. The low levels of vitamin D were also associated with the development of hypertension in an 8-year follow-up.

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Relationship between Serum 25(OH)D Levels and Blood Pressure in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.5672 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (B) ◽

pp. 260-264

Author(s):

Rosmayanti Syafriani Siregar ◽

Oke Rina Ramayani ◽

Winson Chitra ◽

Rafita Ramayati

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Nephrotic Syndrome ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Severe Deficiency ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Weak Negative Correlation

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D plays an eminent role in the renin-angiotensin system that may interfere with blood pressure regulation. Children with nephrotic syndrome (NS) are often observed with low serum vitamin D levels that may lead to Vitamin D deficiency status. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and blood pressure in children with NS. METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational analytic study was conducted in 35 children NS with minimal change diseases from February to August 2019 in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. Blood pressure was examined and serum Vitamin D levels along with serum creatinine, albumin, and calcium were measured. RESULTS: Of 35 children, 21 children (60%) had proteinuria. Regarding the category of Vitamin D status, there were 40% and 34.3% with deficiency and severe deficiency of Vitamin D, respectively. The median serum Vitamin D levels were not significantly different among the age group. Children with proteinuria showed lower serum Vitamin D levels (P < 0.001). There was an elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in children with proteinuria (P = 0.039 and P = 0.036, respectively). Our study showed a weak negative correlation between serum Vitamin D levels and either systolic or diastolic blood pressure (r-0.114 and r-0.174, respectively). CONCLUSION: Both Vitamin D deficiency and severe deficiency are common in children with NS. In this study, serum Vitamin D levels have been shown to have a weak negative correlation with blood pressure in children with NS.

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Cord Blood Vitamin D Levels and Early Childhood Blood Pressure: The Healthy Start Study

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.118.011485 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Katherine A. Sauder ◽

Alexandra V. Stamatoiu ◽

Elina Leshchinskaya ◽

Brandy M. Ringham ◽

Deborah H. Glueck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Early Childhood ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Healthy Start ◽

Vitamin D Levels

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ETHNIC VARIATIONS IN VITAMIN D LEVELS AND BONE QUALITY IN BLACKS AND WHITES

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igx004.1954 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. 554-555

Author(s):

R.O. Sakamoto ◽

D. Thorpe ◽

R. Knutsen ◽

L. Beeson ◽

S. Knutsen

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Quality ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Blacks And Whites ◽

Ethnic Variations

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The relationship between vitamin D levels and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure in renal transplantation patients

Ortadoğu Tıp Dergisi ◽

10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.449335 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 302-306

Author(s):

Fatih Karaahmet ◽

Mustafa Arıcı

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Renal Transplantation ◽

Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

The Relationship

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Vitamin D status and its correlation with blood pressure in premenopausal Saudi women: a cross-sectional study.

European Medical Health and Pharmaceutical Journal ◽

10.12955/emhpj.v9i1.722 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Al Mazeedi ◽

Hanan Al Kadi ◽

Mohammed Ardawi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Study Group ◽

Saudi Population ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Blood Pressures

Vitamin D deficiency is a major health problem in the Saudi population. A negative association between blood pressure and vitamin D level has been suggested in several clinical and epidemiological studies and evidence for an effect of vitamin D in lowering blood pressure was reported. These findings indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 deficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension through its effect on the renin-angiotensin system. We are the first to investigate the correlation between blood pressure or renin concentration and vitamin D status in the Saudi population METHODS: we included 201 healthy Saudi premenopausal females (20-45 years old). Blood pressure was measured by a standardized method using an automated blood pressure monitor (BPTru). Fasting blood samples were collected from each participant after 20 minutes of rest in the seated position. Serum cholicalciferol, PTH and renin concentration were measured by sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassaymethod (DiaSorin, Italy). RESULTS: The analysis included 192 subjects who were normotensive (blood pressure <140/90 mmHg). A total of 34% of women had a severe deficiency (vitamin D ≤ 12.5 nmol/L); 41% had moderate deficiency (vitamin D levels between 12.5 - 25 nmol/L); 23% had mild deficiency (vitamin D level ≥ 25 - < 50 nmol/L); and 2% had insufficiency (vitamin D level ≥ 50 - ≤ 75 nmol/L). None had a sufficient level of ≥75 nmol/L. The systolic blood pressure ranged from 79-130.5mmHg and the diastolic from 48.5-85.5 mmHg. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in women that were in the lower 2 quartiles of vitamin D. However, linear regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders showed that 25(OH)D level was not a predictor of either systolic or diastolic blood pressures. A negative correlation (although not significant) was found between vitamin D level and plasma renin concentration in this study group. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent among the study group. Vitamin D was a not a predictor of either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. There was a negative correlation between vitamin D level and renin concentration although not statically significant. It is possible that any underlying relationship was obscured by the relatively young age group or due to the narrow blood pressure range of the studied population. A larger sample size including hypertensive subjects may be needed.

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Vitamin D Deficiency in Children With Vasovagal Syncope Is Associated With Impaired Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2021.712462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Runmei Zou ◽

Shuo Wang ◽

Hong Cai ◽

Fang Li ◽

Ping Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Vasovagal Syncope ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels

BackgroundVitamin D deficiency is associated with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the serum vitamin D levels in children with vasovagal syncope (VVS) and explore the correlation of vitamin D status and circadian rhythm of blood pressure in VVS pediatric patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective study. 130 syncopal children diagnosed with VVS were included in the study. 110 age and gender matched healthy individuals were enrolled as control. According to serum 25(OH)D levels, VVS patients were divided into vitamin D sufficient group and vitamin D deficient group. Detailed information of VVS children with vitamin D deficiency and sufficiency on demographic data, baseline laboratory testing, echocardiogram, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and Holter ECG recording were extracted and analyzed.ResultsVVS children had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency compared with healthy individuals (33.8% vs. 20.0%, P = 0.017). VVS patients with vitamin D deficiency had a higher rate of non-dipper blood pressure (79.5% vs. 59.3%, P = 0.021) and a lower value of square root of mean squared differences of successive normal to normal intervals (rMSSD) (median 107.8 vs. 141.0 ms, P = 0.035) compared with those with vitamin D sufficiency. Logistic regression analysis showed that non-dipper blood pressure was associated with serum 25(OH)D level [OR = 0.979, 95% CI (0.960, 0.999), P = 0.036].ConclusionVVS pediatric patients had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. VVS children with vitamin D deficiency showed a higher rate of non-dipper blood pressure, suggesting that vitamin D deficiency is correlated with impaired circadian rhythm of blood pressure.

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Vitamin D In Pediatric Patients With Obesity And Arterial Hypertension

10.21203/rs.3.rs-642607/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Živa Radulović ◽

Zarja Polak Zupan ◽

Aljoša Tomazini ◽

Nataša Marčun Varda

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Apolipoprotein A1 ◽

Control Group ◽

Overweight Children ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Aim The purpose of this study was finding potential discrepancies in vitamin D levels between different groups: overweight children with hypertension, normal-weight children with hypertension, overweight children and normal-weight children without hypertension –control group. We also wanted to determine whether there are correlations between vitamin D levels and other clinical laboratory parameters, to evaluate the need for substitution. Methods We measured vitamin D, homocysteine, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, uric acid, glucose, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphate and magnesium serum levels in all groups. We also took anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, BMI) and observed patients’ blood pressure. The results were analyzed with SPSS statistic tool with the use of independent t-test, Pearson correlation test and multi-variate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results The study included 175 children between 5 and 18 years of age. 57 were healthy (group A – control group), 41 normal-weight with hypertension (group B), 44 overweight with hypertension (group C) and 33 overweight (group D). The results showed statistically significant distinction in values of vitamin D between all groups -– A and B (p = 0.003), A and C (p = 0.000), A and D (p = 0.000), B and D (p = 0.043), B and C (0.030), except for groups C and D (p = 0.830). There were statistically significant correlations between vitamin D and BMI (r=-0.196, p = 0.010), systolic pressure (r=-0.190, p = 0.002), diastolic pressure (r=-0.149, p = 0.050), homocysteine (r=-0.208, p = 0.007), triglycerides (r=-0.196, p = 0.011) and apolipoprotein A1 (r = 0.222, p = 0.007) among all groups. Conclusion The pilot study shows significant differences in serum vitamin D levels between all groups of children, apart from groups C and D. these results, combined with statistically significant correlations between vitamin D and systolic and diastolic blood pressure suggest the need for monitoring and potential substitution of vitamin D in in pediatric patients with hypertension and/or overweight children.

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