OVARIAN FOLLICLE HOEMONE THERAPY IN OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY AND THE MENOPAUSE

1932 ◽  
Vol 184 (6) ◽  
pp. 822-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUCE WEBSTER
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency

scholarly journals Graft-versus-host disease targets ovary and causes female infertility in mice

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (9) ◽  
pp. 1216-1225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonoko Shimoji ◽  
Daigo Hashimoto ◽  
Hidetsugu Tsujigiwa ◽  
Kohta Miyawaki ◽  
Koji Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
T Cell Infiltration ◽  
Gvhd Prophylaxis ◽  
Key Points

Key Points GVHD mediates donor T-cell infiltration and apoptosis of the ovarian follicle cells, leading to ovarian insufficiency and infertility. Ovarian insufficiency and infertility are independent of conditioning, and pharmacologic GVHD prophylaxis preserves fertility.

scholarly journals Consequences of β-Thalassemia or Sickle Cell Disease for Ovarian Follicle Number and Morphology in Girls Who Had Ovarian Tissue Cryopreserved

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linn Salto Mamsen ◽  
Stine Gry Kristensen ◽  
Susanne Elisabeth Pors ◽  
Jane Alrø Bøtkjær ◽  
Erik Ernst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Tissue Cryopreservation

Women with β-thalassemia (BT) and sickle cell disease (SCD) have a high risk of infertility and premature ovarian insufficiency. Different fertility preserving strategies, including ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) and oocyte cryopreservation has been considered, and healthy babies have been born after successful OTC and transplantation. We evaluated follicle number and follicle health in ovarian tissue from a cohort of BT and SCD patients who underwent OTC before the age of 18 years. Patients undergoing OTC from 2002 to 2019 were included. A total of 14 girls and adolescents with BT and four with SCD, aged 2.8–17.4 years at OTC were included together with a reference group of 43 girls and adolescents with non-anemia diseases considered to have normal ovaries aged 0.6–17.9 years at OTC. Ovarian follicle density was measured in cortex biopsies and compared to the reference group. Expression of proteins associated with follicular health was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. Follicles were detected in the ovarian cortex biopsies from all patients with BT and SCD. The follicle densities were within the 95% prediction interval of the reference group in all cases. A similar expression of six proteins essential for follicular health was detected using immunohistochemistry in BT, SCD, and references. OTC should be considered an option for young girls and adolescents with BT and SCD.

scholarly journals CPEB3 deficiency in mice affect ovarian follicle development and causes premature ovarian insufficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang E. ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
Wanli Yin ◽  
Chongyang Wang ◽  
Yuanli Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Binding ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Second Child ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
Element Binding Protein

AbstractPremature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a heterogeneous and multifactorial disorder. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in research on the pathogenesis and treatment of POI, owing to the implementation of the second-child policy in China. Cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3) is an RNA-binding protein that can bind to specific RNA sequences. CPEB3 can bind to and affect the expression, cellular location, and stability of target RNAs. Cpeb3 is highly expressed in the ovary; however, its functions remain unknown. In this study, Cpeb3-mutant mice were used to characterize the physiological functions of CPEB3. Cpeb3-mutant female mice manifested signs of gradual loss of ovarian follicles, ovarian follicle development arrest, increased follicle atresia, and subfertility with a phenotype analogous to POI in women. Further analysis showed that granulosa cell proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis was markedly increased in Cpeb3-mutant ovaries. In addition, the expression of Gdf9, a potential target of CPEB3, was decreased in Cpeb3-mutant ovaries and oocytes. Altogether, these results reveal that CPEB3 is essential for ovarian follicle development and female fertility as it regulates the expression of Gdf9 in oocytes, disruption of which leads to impaired ovarian follicle development and POI.

scholarly journals Deletion of Gremlin-2 alters estrous cyclicity and disrupts female fertility in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T Rydze ◽  
Bethany Patton ◽  
Shawn M Briley ◽  
Hannia Salazar-Torralba ◽  
Gregory Gipson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Ovarian Follicle Development ◽  
Wild Type Female

Abstract Members of the differential screening-selected gene aberrative in neuroblastoma (DAN) protein family are developmentally conserved extracellular binding proteins that antagonize bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. This protein family includes the Gremlin proteins, GREM1 and GREM2, which have key functions during embryogenesis and adult physiology. While BMPs play essential roles in ovarian follicle development, the role of the DAN family in female reproductive physiology is less understood. We generated mice null for Grem2 to determine its role in female reproduction in addition to screening patients with primary ovarian insufficiency for variants in GREM2. Grem2−/− mice are viable, but female Grem2−/− mice have diminished fecundity and irregular estrous cycles. This is accompanied by significantly reduced production of ovarian anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) from small growing follicles, leading to a significant decrease in serum AMH. Surprisingly, as AMH is a well-established marker of the ovarian reserve, morphometric analysis of ovarian follicles showed maintenance of primordial follicles in Grem2−/− mice like wild type littermates. While Grem2 mRNA transcripts were not detected in the pituitary, Grem2 is expressed in hypothalami of wild type female mice, suggesting the potential for dysfunction in multiple tissues composing the hypothalamic–pituitary-ovarian axis that contribute to the subfertility phenotype. Additionally, screening 106 women with primary ovarian insufficiency identified one individual with a heterozygous variant in GREM2 that lies within the predicted BMP-GREM2 interface. In total, these data suggest Grem2 is necessary for female fecundity by playing a novel role in regulating the HPO axis and contributing to female reproductive disease.

scholarly journals Ovarian damage from chemotherapy and current approaches to its protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Spears ◽  
F Lopes ◽  
A Stefansdottir ◽  
V Rossi ◽  
M De Felici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Stromal Compartment ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Protective Agents ◽  
Follicular Reserve ◽  
Cellular Components

Abstract Background Anti-cancer therapy is often a cause of premature ovarian insufficiency and infertility since the ovarian follicle reserve is extremely sensitive to the effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While oocyte, embryo and ovarian cortex cryopreservation can help some women with cancer-induced infertility achieve pregnancy, the development of effective methods to protect ovarian function during chemotherapy would be a significant advantage. Objective and rationale This paper critically discusses the different damaging effects of the most common chemotherapeutic compounds on the ovary, in particular, the ovarian follicles and the molecular pathways that lead to that damage. The mechanisms through which fertility-protective agents might prevent chemotherapy drug-induced follicle loss are then reviewed. Search methods Articles published in English were searched on PubMed up to March 2019 using the following terms: ovary, fertility preservation, chemotherapy, follicle death, adjuvant therapy, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, doxorubicin. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to the analysis of the protective agents. Outcomes Recent studies reveal how chemotherapeutic drugs can affect the different cellular components of the ovary, causing rapid depletion of the ovarian follicular reserve. The three most commonly used drugs, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin and doxorubicin, cause premature ovarian insufficiency by inducing death and/or accelerated activation of primordial follicles and increased atresia of growing follicles. They also cause an increase in damage to blood vessels and the stromal compartment and increment inflammation. In the past 20 years, many compounds have been investigated as potential protective agents to counteract these adverse effects. The interactions of recently described fertility-protective agents with these damage pathways are discussed. Wider implications Understanding the mechanisms underlying the action of chemotherapy compounds on the various components of the ovary is essential for the development of efficient and targeted pharmacological therapies that could protect and prolong female fertility. While there are increasing preclinical investigations of potential fertility preserving adjuvants, there remains a lack of approaches that are being developed and tested clinically.

Apoptosis during the development of ovarian follicle

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S10-S10
Author(s):  
Xuan Jin ◽  
Xiaojin Huang ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Follicle

LH-RH TEST IN 100 PATIENTS WITH OVARIAN INSUFFICIENCY

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-J. Czygan ◽  
M. Breckwoldt ◽  
F. Lehmann ◽  
R. Langefeld ◽  
G. Bettendorf
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT The effect of synthetic LH-RH was studied in 100 patients with various types of ovarian insufficiency by following up the FSH- and LH-levels in plasma. LH-RH was administered in doses of 12.5, 25 and 100 μg as a rapid intravenous injection. The patients were classified according to the endocrine state of the pituitary as evidenced by the urinary gonadotrophin levels. A clear correlation between the functional state of the pituitary and its responsiveness to exogenous LH-RH was demonstrated. Most of the patients with undetectable low urinary gonadotrophin levels failed to respond. The majority of patients with gonadotrophin excretion in the normal range and those with elevated levels reacted with a dose dependent increase in circulating LH. The amount of liberated FSH however was related to the injected dose only in patients with high gonadotrophic excretion. The present study indicates that synthetic LH-RH provides a useful tool in the evaluation of the pitutiary function particularly in patients with low and with undetectable gonadotrophin excretion. The data presented in this paper also demonstrate that the functional state of the pituitary is clearly reflected by the urinary gonadotrophin levels.

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