In Vivo Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALTER A. GOETZ ◽  
WILLIAM R. HENDEE ◽  
DAVID L. GILDAY
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine

Patient Exposure and Radiation Risk in Bulgarian Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine I. Survey of Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine Procedures in Bulgaria in 1980

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Poppitz
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Patient Exposure ◽  
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Procedures

Um die Strahlenexposition und das Strahlenrisiko für die Bevölkerung durch die nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik in Bulgarien zu ermitteln, wurde eine Erhebung für das Jahr 1980 über die Arten und Anzahl der Applikationen von Radiopharmaka, über die verwendeten Aktivitäten und über die Geschlechts- und Altersverteilung der untersuchten Patienten durchgeführt. Die Gesamtzahl diagnostischer in vivo Applikationen betrug 116418 (davon 40,5% bei Männern und 59,5% bei Frauen), d.h. 13,1 Applikationen per 1000 Einwohner. Die applizierte Gesamtaktivität aller 44 verwendeter Radiopharmaka betrug ca. 2,1 TBq (56 Ci). Die Geschlechts- und Altersverteilung der untersuchten Patienten war ähnlich jener in anderen Ländern: nur 17,4% aller Patienten waren im reproduktionsfähigen Alter, 52,7% waren über 45 Jahre alt. Im Vergleich zu anderen entwickelten Ländern war in Bulgarien im Jahr 1980 der Anteil der 131J-Jodid-Untersuchungen verhältnismäßig hoch.

Chelators and metal complex stability for radiopharmaceutical applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 1087-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nkemakonam C. Okoye ◽  
Jakob E. Baumeister ◽  
Firouzeh Najafi Khosroshahi ◽  
Heather M. Hennkens ◽  
Silvia S. Jurisson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Metal Complex ◽  
Complex Stability ◽  
Critical Aspect ◽  
Technetium 99M ◽  
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine

Abstract Diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine relies heavily on radiometal nuclides. The most widely used and well-known radionuclide is technetium-99m (99mTc), which has dominated diagnostic nuclear medicine since the advent of the 99Mo/99mTc generator in the 1960s. Since that time, many more radiometals have been developed and incorporated into potential radiopharmaceuticals. One critical aspect of radiometal-containing radiopharmaceuticals is their stability under in vivo conditions. The chelator that is coordinated to the radiometal is a key factor in determining radiometal complex stability. The chelators that have shown the most promise and are under investigation in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals over the last 5 years are discussed in this review.

Patient Exposure and Radiation Risk in Bulgarian Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine II. Somatically Effective Dose Equivalents to the Patients and Assessment of Risk

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Poppitz
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Patient Exposure ◽  
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine

Es wird über die somatisch effektiven Äquivalentdosen bei den häufigst verwendeten nuklearmedizinischen diagnostischen Applikationen in Bulgarien 1980 berichtet. Unter Verwendung der ICRP Risikofaktoren für stochastische somatische Wirkungen wurde der Erwartungswert strahleninduzierter maligner Neubildungen mit tödlichem Ausgang in der Zukunft, bedingt durch diese medizinische Bestrahlungsart, berechnet. Dieser Wert (ca. 10 Neubildungen) ist verhältnismäßig klein im Vergleich zu der Gesamtzahl der offiziell registrierten Malignome in Bulgarien. Ein Vergleich der traditionell verwendeten Bevölkerungsdosen (z.B. GSD, LSD) für Bulgarien und für andere Länder wurde ebenfalls durchgeführt. Es wird empfohlen, durch eine verminderte Anwendung von 131J-Jodid in der in vivo Schilddrüsendiagnostik eine Herabsetzung der Strahlenbelastung der Patienten zu erreichen.

Patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO): diagnosis by nuclear medicine imaging

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Becker ◽  
J. Meiler
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Fever Of Unknown Origin ◽  
Tumor Imaging ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Recurrent Fever ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging

SummaryFever of unknown origin (FUO) in immunocompetent and non neutropenic patients is defined as recurrent fever of 38,3° C or greater, lasting 2-3 weeks or longer, and undiagnosed after 1 week of appropriate evaluation. The underlying diseases of FUO are numerous and infection accounts for only 20-40% of them. The majority of FUO-patients have autoimmunity and collagen vascular disease and neoplasm, which are responsible for about 50-60% of all cases. In this respect FOU in its classical definition is clearly separated from postoperative and neutropenic fever where inflammation and infection are more common. Although methods that use in-vitro or in-vivo labeled white blood cells (WBCs) have a high diagnostic accuracy in the detection and exclusion of granulocytic pathology, they are only of limited value in FUO-patients in establishing the final diagnosis due to the low prevalence of purulent processes in this collective. WBCs are more suited in evaluation of the focus in occult sepsis. Ga-67 citrate is the only commercially available gamma emitter which images acute, chronic, granulomatous and autoimmune inflammation and also various malignant diseases. Therefore Ga-67 citrate is currently considered to be the tracer of choice in the diagnostic work-up of FUO. The number of Ga-67-scans contributing to the final diagnosis was found to be higher outside Germany than it has been reported for labeled WBCs. F-l 8-2’-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) has been used extensively for tumor imaging with PET. Inflammatory processes accumulate the tracer by similar mechanisms. First results of FDG imaging demonstrated, that FDG may be superior to other nuclear medicine imaging modalities which may be explained by the preferable tracer kinetics of the small F-l 8-FDG molecule and by a better spatial resolution of coincidence imaging in comparison to a conventional gamma camera.

Radiation exposure in the environment of patients after application of radiopharmaceuticals

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (06) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Boldt ◽  
C. Kobe ◽  
W. Eschner ◽  
H. Schicha ◽  
F. Sudbrock
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radioactive Source ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Photon Dose ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Study Dose

Summary Aim: After application of radiopharmaceuticals the patient becomes a radioactive source which leads to radiation exposure in the proximity. The photon dose rates after administration of different radiopharmaceuticals used in diagnostic nuclear medicine were measured at several distances and different time intervals. These data are of importance for estimating the exposure of technologists and members of the public. Patients, method: In this study dose rates were measured for 67 patients after application of the following radiopharmaceuticals: 99mTc-HDP as well as 99mTcpertechnetate, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 111In-Octreotid and Zevalin® and 123I-mIBG in addition to 123I-NaI. The dose rates were measured immediately following application at six different distances to the patient. After two hours the measurements were repeated and – whenever possible – after 24 hours and seven days. Results: Immediately following application the highest dose rates were below 1 mSv / h: with a maximum at 780 μSv/h for 18F (370 MBq), 250 μSv/h for 99mTc (700 MBq), 150 μSv/h for 111In (185 MBq) and 132 μSv/ h for 123I (370 MBq). At a distance of 0.5 m the values decrease significantly by an order of magnitude. Two hours after application the values are diminished to 1/3 (99mTc, 18F), to nearly ½ (123I) but remain in the same order of magnitude for the longer-lived 111In radiopharmaceuticals. Conclusion: For greater distances the doses remain below the limits outlined in the national legislation.

scholarly journals Tc-99m direct radiolabeling of monoclonal antibody ior egf/r3: quality control and image studies in mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe2) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Roberta Dias ◽  
Barbara Marczewski ◽  
Vanessa Moraes ◽  
Marycel Figols de Barboza ◽  
João Alberto Osso Junior
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Lyophilized Formulation ◽  
Epithelial Origin ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Efficiency Effects

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) have been useful for immunoscintigraphic applications in clinical diagnosis since they were introduced in the practice of nuclear medicine. The ior egf/r3 (Centis, Cuba) is a murine monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) and has been widely used in the radioimmunodiagnosis of tumors of epithelial origin. Labeled with 99mTc, its main application in Nuclear Medicine is the follow up, detection and evaluation of tumor recurrences. The objective of this work is to describe the preparation of a lyophilized formulation (kit) for radiolabeling the Mab ior egf/r3 with 99mTc for immunoscintigraphic applications. Radiolabeling efficiency, effects on immunoreactivity, image studies and stability of the formulation are reported. The study demonstrated that the kit formulation can be labeled with 99mTc at high yields and can be used to visualize in vivo human tumors of epithelial origin by immunoscintigraphy studies.

scholarly journals Patient radiation dose assessment system for diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures: Implementation and first results

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-385
Author(s):  
Dea Dundara-Debeljuh ◽  
Slaven Jurkovic ◽  
Ivan Pribanic ◽  
Neva Girotto ◽  
Svjetlana Grbac-Ivankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Procedures ◽  
Radiation Dose Assessment ◽  
Patient Radiation Dose

Dose assessment of diagnostic nuclear medicine procedures is necessary to further optimize respective procedure, estimate radiation risk, improve radiation safety and verify compliance of local practice with guidelines. In line with Council Directive 2013/59/EURATOM, patient medical documentation should include information related to radiation exposure. The aim of this work is to present the patient radiation dose assessment system designed for routine clinical use, that uses in-house designed worksheets for dose calculation based on relevant parameters introduced by the ICRP publications. Dose reports provide information about the absorbed dose delivered to the target and non-target organs of interest and the effective dose for each diagnostic procedure. The data from the dose reports was used to investigate average patient exposure levels during a one-year period and the results are presented. The implemented system has improved the quality of services provided and understanding of radiation risks. Moreover, the presented results have stimulated further optimization of nuclear medicine processes.

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