Reducing Disparities in Vaccination Rates Between Different Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Groups

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Sandro Galea ◽  
Sarah Sisco ◽  
David Vlahov
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Reducing Disparities

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among US Adolescents, 2010-2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah S. Webb ◽  
Benjamin Dowd-Arrow ◽  
Miles G. Taylor ◽  
Amy M. Burdette
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
White Adolescents ◽  
Hispanic Adolescents ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Objective: Although research suggests racial/ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination and mortality rates, few studies have examined racial/ethnic trends among US adolescents. We used national cross-sectional data to determine (1) trends in influenza vaccination rates among non-Hispanic white (hereinafter, white), non-Hispanic black (hereinafter, black), and Hispanic adolescents over time and (2) whether influenza vaccination rates among adolescents varied by race/ethnicity. Methods: We analyzed provider-reported vaccination histories for 2010-2016 from the National Immunization Survey–Teen. We used binary logistic regression models to determine trends in influenza vaccination rates by race/ethnicity for 117 273 adolescents, adjusted for sex, age, health insurance, physician visit in the previous 12 months, vaccination facility type, poverty status, maternal education level, children in the household, maternal marital status, maternal age, and census region of residence. We calculated adjusted probabilities for influenza vaccination for each racial/ethnic group, adjusted for the same demographic characteristics. Results: Compared with white adolescents, Hispanic adolescents had higher odds (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.16) and black adolescents had lower odds (aOR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90-1.00) of vaccination. Compared with white adolescents, Hispanic adolescents had significantly higher adjusted probabilities of vaccination for 2011-2013 (2011: 0.22, P < .001; 2012: 0.23, P < .001; 2013: 0.26, P < .001). Compared with white adolescents, black adolescents had significantly lower probabilities of vaccination for 2016 (2016: 0.21, P < .001). Conclusions: Targeted interventions are needed to improve adolescent influenza vaccination rates and reduce racial/ethnic disparities in adolescent vaccination coverage.

Grand Challenges and Opportunities in Mathematics Education Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle L. Stephan ◽  
Kathryn B. Chval ◽  
Jeffrey J. Wanko ◽  
Marta Civil ◽  
Michael C. Fish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
National Council ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Mathematics Proficiency ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Mathematics education researchers seek answers to important questions that will ultimately result in the enhancement of mathematics teaching, learning, curriculum, and assessment, working toward “ensuring that all students attain mathematics proficiency and increasing the numbers of students from all racial, ethnic, gender, and socioeconomic groups who attain the highest levels of mathematics achievement” (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM], 2014, p. 61). Although mathematics education is a relatively young field, researchers have made significant progress in advancing the discipline. As Ellerton (2014) explained in her JRME editorial, our field is like a growing tree, stable and strong in its roots yet becoming more vast and diverse because of a number of factors. Such growth begs these questions: Is our research solving significant problems? How do we create a system and infrastructure that will provide an opportunity to accumulate professional knowledge that is storable and shareable as we work together to address significant problems (Hiebert, Gallimore, & Stigler, 2002)? How do we “facilitate research and development that is coordinated, integrated, and accumulated” (Lesh et al., 2014, p. 167)?

scholarly journals Racial/Ethnic Disparities in State-Level COVID-19 Vaccination Rates and Their Association with Structural Racism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Siegel ◽  
Isabella Critchfield-Jain ◽  
Matthew Boykin ◽  
Alicia Owens ◽  
Rebeckah Muratore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
State Level ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Disparities across Diverse Populations in the Health and Treatment of Patients with Osteoarthritis

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1421
Author(s):  
Warachal E. Faison ◽  
P. Grace Harrell ◽  
David Semel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Short Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Treatment Disparities ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The study of disparities across diverse populations regarding the health and treatment of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) is recognized as a priority for investigation and action by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) and the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS). OA is a common condition that increases with age, but with prevalence generally similar across racial and ethnic groups. However, disparities in the treatment of OA among racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups are well-documented and continue to rise and persist. The reasons are complex, likely involving a combination of patient, provider, and healthcare system factors. Treatment disparities among these different populations have an impact on clinical outcomes, healthcare, and productivity, and are projected to increase significantly with the growing diversity of the United States population. The aim of this short review is to summarize studies of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities among patients with OA in the United States, with a focus on prevalence, treatment utilization, and clinical and economic outcomes.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Influenza Vaccination Uptake among U.S. Adults: Focus on Nativity and Race/Ethnicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5349
Author(s):  
Sou Hyun Jang ◽  
Ja-Hyun Kang
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Flu Vaccination ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Racial Ethnic

To support implementation strategies for upcoming influenza (flu) vaccinations for foreign-born and racial/ethnic minority groups, we analyzed the 2018 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) database and performed logistic regression to examine the factors associated with, and the interaction between nativity and race/ethnicity in directing flu vaccination rates during the past 12 months (n = 25,045). As a result, we found nativity and race/ethnicity were associated with flu vaccination rates; foreign-born and non-Hispanic black respondents were less likely to take the vaccine than U.S.-born and non-Hispanic white respondents. The odds ratios were largest for the elderly, those working in the healthcare industry, those with health insurance, and those with a usual source of care (ORs = 3.058, 2.871, 2.317, and 2.342, respectively), suggesting that access to healthcare resources is critical for the uptake of the flu vaccine. There was a significant interaction effect between nativity and race/ethnicity. For improving flu vaccination rates, more support is necessary for foreign-born people and racial/ethnic minorities who have lower health insurance rates and usual sources of care than U.S.-born people and non-Hispanic whites, and thus are less able to adequately access healthcare resources in a timely manner.

Obesity and overweight among childhood in France: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-300
Author(s):  
Dominique Charles ◽  
Lea Williams
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The childhood obesity has been a dramatic increase during the past 3 decades. The rate has more than tripled, and the current prevalence remains high among children across most age, sex, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. The search was carried out using Web of Knowledge, Pubmed, and Scopus considering articles published from February 17, 1998 until February 2, 2014 reported the prevalence of overweight/ obesity among childhood samples. Only original studies which met the eligible criteria were included in this review. Purpose of present study is to describe the prevalence and trend of overweight and obesity, as well as its co-existence with stunting, among childhood. Prevalence and odds of obesity and overweight, differentials in which were examined by bivariate and logistic regression analyses. The prevalence of overweight and obese childhood increased significantly between 1998 and 2014.Tthe prevalence of overweight and obese childhood was 35.0-48.8 (95% CI: 36.6-27.1, 48.2-52.4), and 22.3-36.7 (95% CI: 22.2-33.0, 34.9-36.8). The prevalence of overweight and obesity in France childhood were low in 1998 and there has been a rapid increase since then. If this trend continues, overweight will soon reach epidemic proportions.

scholarly journals Autism Spectrum Disorder - A Complex Genetic Disorder

Folia Medica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristo Y. Ivanov ◽  
Vili K. Stoyanova ◽  
Nikolay T. Popov ◽  
Tihomir I. Vachev
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Single Spectrum ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Complex Genetic Disorder ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder is an entity that reflects a scientific consensus that several previously separated disorders are actually a single spectrum disorder with different levels of symptom severity in two core domains - deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted repetitive behaviors. Autism spectrum disorder is diagnosed in all racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups and because of its increased prevalence, reported worldwide through the last years, made it one of the most discussed child psychiatric disorders. In term of aetiology as several other complex diseases, Autism spectrum disorder is considered to have a strong genetic component.

Environmental Justice and Public Beach Access

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinwon Kim ◽  
Seong Ok Lyu ◽  
HakJun Song
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Recreation Planning ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Housing Value ◽  
Detroit Metropolitan Area ◽  
Effective Community ◽  
Beach Access ◽  
Community Recreation ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Beaches are an important recreational setting due to their provision of ideal open spaces for diverse water– and land–based recreation opportunities. Despite the importance of assessing the environmental justice of public beach access, few empirical studies have been conducted in community recreation. Using an environmental justice framework, this study examined whether inequities exist for certain racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups with respect to the distribution of public beach access in the Detroit Metropolitan Area. Results indicated that inequitable public beach access is associated with population density, median housing value, elderly population, and nonvehicle ownership. Such findings can help public leisure agencies to assess environmental justice, a first step in developing more effective community recreation planning and management policies. Study implications, limitations, and recommendations for further research are also discussed.

scholarly journals Family Availability and Its Influence on Informal and Formal Care Used by Adults With Dementia in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 351-351
Author(s):  
HwaJung Choi ◽  
Michele Heisler ◽  
Tsai-Chin Cho ◽  
Cathleen Connell
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Care ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Formal Care ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
The Us ◽  
National Estimates ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract This research is to provide national estimates of spouse and adult child availability to care for adults 55+ with dementia and to examine associations between availability and formal and informal care utilization. Only 23% of adults with dementia had a non-disabled spouse; 66% had an adult child living less than 10 miles away. Substantial variations in family availability were discovered across demographic and socioeconomic groups. For example, 29% of non-Hispanic blacks vs. about 40% of other racial/ethnic groups (OR=0.63; p&lt;0.001) had a spouse. Only 16% of the bottom wealth quartile had a spouse compared to 61% of the top quartile (OR=0.13; p&lt;0.001). In contrast, the greater share of non-Hispanic blacks than non-Hispanic whites had a coresident adult child (OR=2.07; p&lt;0.001) and a non-employed adult child (OR=1.45; p&lt;0.001). Hispanics had the most family availability from both spouse and child. Having a spouse was significantly associated with a lower probability of receiving formal care; AOR=0.54 (95% CI 0.46-0.64) for any formal care; AOR=0.50 (95% CI 0.39-0.64) for institutional care. Having a coresident adult child in year T-2 also substantially reduced the probability of receiving formal care in year T (AOR=0.37; 95% CI 0.29-0.48). The presence of a spouse and co-resident adult child significantly reduce the use of formal care by adults with dementia in the US. Policies and interventions that rely on family members to provide dementia should reflect the substantial heterogeneity in potential family availability across racial/ethnic and socioeconomic groups.

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