Evaluation of the dead space to tidal volume ratio (Vd/Vt) as a predictor of successful removal of mechanical ventilation in critically ill children

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
A Bousso ◽  
B Ejzenberg ◽  
A M. C. Ventura ◽  
J C. Fernandes ◽  
I C. O. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Successful Removal ◽  
The Dead

Evaluation of the dead space/tidal volume ratio in patients with chronic congestive heart failure

1995 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Guazzi ◽  
Giancarlo Marenzi ◽  
Emilio Assanelli ◽  
Giovanni B. Perego ◽  
Gaia Cattadori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Chronic Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
The Dead

Evaluation of the dead space to tidal volume ratio as a predictor of extubation failure

2006 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Bousso ◽  
Bernardo Ejzenberg ◽  
Andréa Maria Cordeiro Ventura ◽  
José Carlos Fernandes ◽  
Iracema de Cássia de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Extubation Failure ◽  
The Dead

Time and volume dependence of dead space in healthy and surfactant-depleted rat lungs during spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (9) ◽  
pp. 1268-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanze Dassow ◽  
David Schwenninger ◽  
Hanna Runck ◽  
Josef Guttmann
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Dead Space Volume ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
Space Volume

Volumetric capnography is a standard method to determine pulmonary dead space. Hereby, measured carbon dioxide (CO2) in exhaled gas volume is analyzed using the single-breath diagram for CO2. Unfortunately, most existing CO2 sensors do not work with the low tidal volumes found in small animals. Therefore, in this study, we developed a new mainstream capnograph designed for the utilization in small animals like rats. The sensor was used for determination of dead space volume in healthy and surfactant-depleted rats ( n = 62) during spontaneous breathing (SB) and mechanical ventilation (MV) at three different tidal volumes: 5, 8, and 11 ml/kg. Absolute dead space and wasted ventilation (dead space volume in relation to tidal volume) were determined over a period of 1 h. Dead space increase and reversibility of the increase was investigated during MV with different tidal volumes and during SB. During SB, the dead space volume was 0.21 ± 0.14 ml and increased significantly at MV to 0.39 ± 0.03 ml at a tidal volume of 5 ml/kg and to 0.6 ± 0.08 ml at a tidal volume of 8 and 11 ml/kg. Dead space and wasted ventilation during MV increased with tidal volume. This increase was mostly reversible by switching back to SB. Surfactant depletion had no further influence on the dead space increase during MV, but impaired the reversibility of the dead space increase.

Effects of Left Atrial Pressure on Pulmonary Shunt and the Dead Space/Tidal Volume Ratio

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Stanley ◽  
Judd K. Lunn ◽  
Wen Shin Liu ◽  
Scott Gentry
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Left Atrial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Shunt ◽  
The Dead

scholarly journals Management of hypercapnia in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients—A narrative review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-333
Author(s):  
Ravindranath Tiruvoipati ◽  
Sachin Gupta ◽  
David Pilcher ◽  
Michael Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Hypercapnic Acidosis ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated Patients ◽  
Low Tidal Volume ◽  
Volume Ventilation ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Ventilated Patients

The use of lower tidal volume ventilation was shown to improve survival in mechanically ventilated patients with acute lung injury. In some patients this strategy may cause hypercapnic acidosis. A significant body of recent clinical data suggest that hypercapnic acidosis is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including increased hospital mortality. We aimed to review the available treatment options that may be used to manage acute hypercapnic acidosis that may be seen with low tidal volume ventilation. The databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched. Studies including animals or tissues were excluded. We also searched bibliographic references of relevant studies, irrespective of study design with the intention of finding relevant studies to be included in this review. The possible options to treat hypercapnia included optimising the use of low tidal volume mechanical ventilation to enhance carbon dioxide elimination. These include techniques to reduce dead space ventilation, and physiological dead space, use of buffers, airway pressure release ventilation and prone positon ventilation. In patients where hypercapnic acidosis could not be managed with lung protective mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal techniques may be used. Newer, minimally invasive low volume venovenous extracorporeal devices are currently being investigated for managing hypercapnia associated with low and ultra-low volume mechanical ventilation.

Peritoneal dialysis in critically ill children in resource-limited setting: A prospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
pp. 089686082097589
Author(s):  
Pallavi Choudhary ◽  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
Abhijeet Saha ◽  
Archana Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Renal Outcome ◽  
Severe Dengue ◽  
Critically Ill Children

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is easily available and simple lifesaving procedure in children with renal impairment. There is paucity of reports on efficacy of PD in critically ill children in presence of shock and those requiring mechanical ventilation. Methods: In this prospective observational study, efficacy and outcome of PD were evaluated in 50 critically ill children aged 1 month to 14 years admitted in pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care teaching hospital in India. Results: Indication of PD was acute kidney injury (AKI) in 66% of patients followed by chronic kidney disease with acute deterioration due to infectious complications in 34%. Bacterial sepsis was the most common cause of AKI (22%), others being malaria (14%) and severe dengue (12%). At initiation of PD, 26% of patients were in shock and 46% were mechanically ventilated. PD was effective and improvement in pH, bicarbonate, and lactate started within hours, with consistent improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate by 24 h, which continued till the end of procedure, including the subgroup of patients with shock and mechanical ventilation. Total complications were seen in 14% and of which peritonitis was present in 4.0% of patients. Mortality was seen in 14% (7/50) of patients. Shock at initiation of PD (odds ratio (OR), 5.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.95–26.69; p < 0.04) and requirement of mechanical ventilation (OR, 9.17; 95% CI, 1.01–83.10; p < 0.02) were associated with mortality. Conclusions: Acute PD in critically ill children with renal impairment is a lifesaving procedure. Treatment of shock with resuscitative measures and respiratory failure with mechanical ventilation, along with PD, resulted in favorable renal outcome.

Relation between respiratory valve dead space and tidal volume

1980 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Bradley ◽  
M. Younes
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Water Displacement ◽  
Respiratory Valve ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Marked Tendency

We measured the "effective" dead space of five commonly used respiratory valves: Hans Rudolph valve, two-way J valve, triple-J valve, and modified Otis-McKerrow valves without and with vane. The dead space was measured using a technique that mimicked the operation of valves during ordinary laboratory procedures. The valves were ventilated with tidal volumes ranging from 0.35-3.00 liters and at different frequencies. With all valves, there was a marked tendency for "effective" dead space to be tidal volume dependent. The measured dead space approached the water-displacement volume of the common chamber of the valve only at tidal volumes in excess of 2.0 liters. The relation between valve dead space and tidal volume was independent of frequency.

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