Cardiorespiratory fitness or self-report leisure time physical activity status: which delineates cardiovascular disease risk factors in postmenopausal women?

Background: Little is known about the role of occupational-related physical activity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Aims: This study aimed to assess the association between different types of physical activity (work-related, transport-related, home-time and leisure-time) and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a sample of Iranian workers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to November 2018 among 415 workers of a rubber factory in Tehran province. Physical activity levels of the participants were measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Blood sample were analysed for cardiovascular disease risk factors (fasting blood sugar ≥ 100 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL, systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg and waist circumference ≥ 102 cm). Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were also measured, as was body mass index (BMI). Results: Risk factors for cardiovascular disease differed significantly according to type of physical activity. Fasting blood sugar ≥ 100 mg/dL and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 had a significant negative association with overall physical activity level (P < 0.001). In a logistic regression analysis, leisure-time physical activity had a significant negative correlation with all risk factors for cardiovascular disease after adjusting for age and smoking. Conclusion: Leisure-time physical activity has a more important role in reducing cardiovascular disease risk factors than other types of activity, including work-related physical activity.

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Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Hypertensive Patients: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine ◽

10.3389/fcvm.2021.644573 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Jiqing Li ◽

Zhentang Zhang ◽

Shucheng Si ◽

Fuzhong Xue

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽

Cox Model ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Longitudinal Cohort

Objective: Few studies estimated the effect of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk among hypertensive patients in a longitudinal cohort. This study aims to evaluate the association between LTPA and CVD in a longitudinal management cohort of hypertensive patients.Methods: A total of 58,167 hypertensive patients without baseline CVD from a longitudinal cohort were included in this study. LTPA and other covariates were measured at the follow-up four times annually. The primary outcome was CVD events. The association between LTPA and CVD was assessed by the marginal structure model (MSM) and Cox model with adjustment for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and antihypertensive medication. The restricted cubic spline and segmented regression were used to assess the dose–response relationship between LTPA and CVD.Results: We recorded 16,332 CVD events; crude incidence of CVD were 89.68, 80.39, 62.64, and 44.04 per 1,000 person-years for baseline 0, 1–150, 151–300, and >300 min/week LTPA, respectively. Compared with inactive LTPA, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) estimated by Cox model and MSM-Cox model for CVD associated with 1–150,151–300, and 300 min/week LTPA were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.83–0.88), 0.67 (95% CI, 0.64–0.71), 0.47 (95% CI, 0.44–0.51), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76–0.91), 0.58 (95% CI, 0.52–0.63), and 0.39 (95% CI, 0.35–0.44), respectively. Per 60 min/week increase in LTPA was associated with a 13% reduction in CVD risk. LTPA breakpoint was 417 min/week for CVD. Before and after the break-point, the slopes of the piecewise-linear relationship between LTPA and CVD risk were −0.0017 and −0.0003, respectively.Conclusion: LTPA was more strongly associated with the CVD risk than that estimated by conventional analyses based on baseline LTPA; 417 min/week is a breakpoint, after which the incremental health benefits on CVD prevention obtained from the increase in LTPA are much less than before.

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Level of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a rural adult population in Sogn og Fjordane

Norsk Epidemiologi ◽

10.5324/nje.v20i2.1339 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ane Kristiansen Solbraa ◽

Asgeir Mamen ◽

Geir Kåre Resaland ◽

Jostein Steene- Johannessen ◽

Einar Ylvisåker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Health Status ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Adult Population ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Physical activity (PA) and high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sogn og Fjordane County has the reputation of being the most healthy county in Norway. The level of PA and/or CRF may partly explain this health status. However, only one study with regional objectively measured PA data and one study with regional data on CRF currently exist. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe levels of PA, CRF and CVD risk factors in an adult population in the county of Sogn og Fjordane. Methods: In total, 314 (♀:178 ♂:136) 40-42-year-olds and 308 (♀:175 ♂:133) 53-55-yearolds participated in this cross-sectional study. PA was measured objectively by accelerometry, while CRF was measured directly. Results: There were no sex differences in total PA level. For the 40-42-year-olds, women spent 6.0min/day [95% CI: –11.7 to –0.3] less participating in moderate PA compared to men. For the 53-55- year-olds, women were inactive for 36.0 min/day [95% CI: –55.2 to –16.8] less and they participated in light activity for 26.4 min/day [95% CI: 7.7 to 45.2] more than men. In total, 30.0% [95% CI: 24.8 to 35.2] of the 40-42-year-olds and 30.2% [95% CI: 25.0 to 35.4] of the 53-55-year-olds met the Norwegian recommendations for PA. CRF was 49.0 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 41.6 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women for the 40-42-year-olds. For 53-55-year-olds CRF was 41.2 ml·kg–1·min–1 for men and 33.9 ml·kg–1·min–1 for women. Conclusions: These results suggest that the level of PA and CRF are higher compared to other available data. This might explain the advantageous health status in Sogn og Fjordane.

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RELATION BETWEEN CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS IN PROJECT ACTIVE

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-199805001-00519 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

A. Strasner ◽

J. B. Kampert ◽

A. L. Dunn ◽

M. E. Garcia

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

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Cardiorespiratory fitness relates more strongly than physical activity to cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy children and adolescents: the European Youth Heart Study

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation ◽

10.1097/hjr.0b013e32808c67e3 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 575-581 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

Anita Hurtig-Wennlöf ◽

Jonatan R. Ruiz ◽

Maarike Harro ◽

Michael Sjöström

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Heart Study

Background Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are closely related to health variables in adults, especially those considered to be among risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The possible tracking of cardiovascular disease risk factors from childhood to adulthood makes it important to increase our understanding of the complex relationships between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular risk factors early in life. Design A cross-sectional, school-based study on healthy children and adolescents, aged 9-10 years (295 girls, 295 boys) and 15-16 years (302 girls, 233 boys) was performed during a school year in Sweden and Estonia, as part of the European Youth Heart Study. Methods Total physical activity, and minutes spent in inactivity and activity of moderate or higher intensity were measured by accelerometry. A maximal ergometer bike test was used for estimation of cardiorespiratory fitness. The risk factors included blood pressure and fasting blood levels of insulin, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Results Canonical correlations between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness versus cardiovascular disease risk factors showed significant associations in both age and sex groups ( rc=0.46-0.61, P < 0.0001). The cardiorespiratory fitness was found to be the strongest contributor to these relationships. In girls high values of the physical activity variables were also associated with a favourable cardiovascular profile. Conclusions Cardiorespiratory fitness relates more strongly to cardiovascular risk factors than components of objectively measured physical activity in children and adolescents. Physical activity becomes more important in the 15-year-old adolescents, indicating that these modifiable lifestyle factors increase in importance with age.

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