Differences in Body Composition Between Appropriate for Gestational Age and Large for Gestational Age Term Neonates [6E]

SummaryThe present study comprises of 208 term, 159 preterm and 18 post-term neonates born to mothers with no history of drug intake or any disease likely to effect coagulation of the newborn. PT, TT and KCCT were relatively prolonged and plasma fibrinogen reduced to varying degree in newborns (as compared to adults). There was further prolongation of TT and reduction in plasma fibrinogen levels amongst preterm newborns as compared to term babies; TT was more prolonged amongst post-term babies also. PT was significantly more prolonged till 30 weeks of gestation, after which a near plateau was formed. KCCT showed significant improvement after 33 weeks and a further trend to normalisation after 38 weeks of gestation. Serum FDP values showed too much of variation for any meaningful statistical analysis but generally FDPs were higher in preterm babies. Intrauterine growth rate had no significant effect on these parameters amongst preterms -similar values for SGA (small for gestational age), AGA (appropriate for gestational age) and LGA (large for gestational age). On the other hand, amongst term babies SGA neonates had significantly prolonged PT and low plasma fibrinogen as compared to AGA; LGA babies also showed more prolongation of TT as compared to AGA.

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Gastric Retention in Neonates

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.62.1.26 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 26-29

Author(s):

Madan Gupta ◽

Yves W. Brans

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Nasogastric Tube ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Gastric Retention ◽

Phenol Red ◽

Term Neonates ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age

Forty-seven healthy neonates were fed by nasogastric tube 10 to 20 ml/kg of 5-gm/dl glucose in water containing 0.24 mg/dl of phenol red as a marker. The proportion of test meal remaining in the stomach 30 minutes after feeding was measured. Gestational ages ranged from 34 to 44 weeks and birth weights ranged from 1,300 to 4,680 gm. Thirteen of 29 term neonates were appropriate for gestational age (AGA), six were small for gestational age (SGA), and nine were large for gestational age (LGA). Of the 18 preterm neonates, 6 were AGA and 12 were SGA. Each baby was studied three times: at 4 to 12 hours after birth, before any other feeding, at 22 to 36 hours, and at 46 to 60 hours. Preterm AGA babies retained more than term AGA neonates at both 4 to 12 hours and 22 to 36 hours. Preterm SGA neonates retained more than their term peers at 4 to 12 hours only. In both term and preterm neonates, 30 minute gastric retention decreased significantly from the 4- to 12-hour period to the 22- to 36-hour period, but it was similar at 22 to 36 hours and 46 to 60 hours. At no time were there significant differences in retention between AGA, SGA, and LGA babies-except at 22 to 36 hours when preterm SGA neonates retained less than their AGA peers. Thus 30-minute gastric retention was affected mainly by gestational maturity and postnatal age rather than by the quality of intrauterine growth.

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Do early gestation maternal body composition parameters identify neonates born large for gestational age?

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.70.aep432 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandra Cremona ◽

Amanda Cotter ◽

Khadijah Ismail ◽

Kevin Hayes ◽

Alan Donnelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Body ◽

Early Gestation

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125I-human epidermal growth factor specific binding to placentas and fetal membranes from various pregnancy states

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1170485 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 117 (4) ◽

pp. 485-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Glen E. Hofmann ◽

Ch. V. Rao ◽

Fred R. Carman ◽

Tariq A. Siddiqi

Keyword(s):

Gestational Age ◽

Specific Binding ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Fetal Membrane ◽

Fetal Membranes ◽

Intrauterine Growth ◽

Class A ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

Epidermal Growth ◽

Twin Pregnancies

Abstract. Specific binding of 125I-human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) to homogenates of term human placentas and fetal membranes from normal and appropriate for gestational age (N = 20), intrauterine growth retarded (N = 9), twin (N = 11), White class A/B diabetic (N = 12), and large for gestational age (N = 13) pregnancies was measured. In all pregnancy states, placentas bound approximately four times more 125I-hEGF than did fetal membranes (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in 125I-hEGF binding to fetal membranes from the various pregnancy states (P > 0.05). 125I-hEGF specific binding to placentas from intrauterine growth retarded or twin pregnancies was significantly greater compared with placentas from normal and appropriate for gestational age pregnancies (P < 0.05). The binding to placentas from pregnancies complicated by White class A/B diabetes or large for gestational age infants, on the other hand, was not significantly different from that to placentas from normal and appropriate for gestational age pregnancies. 125I-hEGF specific binding did not differ between placentas from intrauterine growth retarded or twin pregnancies (P > 0.05). Placental and fetal membrane 125I-hEGF binding did not vary with fetal sex, maternal race, placental weight, or gestational age between 37 to 42 weeks (P > 0.05). Placental but not fetal membrane 125I-hEGF binding increased with increasing infant weight when appropriate for gestational age and large for gestational age infants were included (P < 0.05, r = 0.38, N = 32) but not for intrauterine growth retarded, appropriate for gestational age, or large for gestational age infants alone.

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Large-for-gestational-age phenotypes and obesity risk in adulthood: a study of 195,936 women

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-58827-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

José G. B. Derraik ◽

Sarah E. Maessen ◽

John D. Gibbins ◽

Wayne S. Cutfield ◽

Maria Lundgren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Reference Group ◽

Ponderal Index ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Obesity Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

Using Data

AbstractWhile there is evidence that being born large-for-gestational-age (LGA) is associated with an increased risk of obesity later in life, the data are conflicting. Thus, we aimed to examine the associations between proportionality at birth and later obesity risk in adulthood. This was a retrospective study using data recorded in the Swedish Birth Register. Anthropometry in adulthood was assessed in 195,936 pregnant women at 10–12 weeks of gestation. All women were born at term (37–41 weeks of gestation). LGA was defined as birth weight and/or length ≥2.0 SDS. Women were separated into four groups: appropriate-for-gestational-age according to both weight and length (AGA – reference group; n = 183,662), LGA by weight only (n = 4,026), LGA by length only (n = 5,465), and LGA by both weight and length (n = 2,783). Women born LGA based on length, weight, or both had BMI 0.12, 1.16, and 1.08 kg/m2 greater than women born AGA, respectively. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) of obesity was 1.50 times higher for those born LGA by weight and 1.51 times for LGA by both weight and height. Length at birth was not associated with obesity risk. Similarly, women born LGA by ponderal index had BMI 1.0 kg/m2 greater and an aRR of obesity 1.39 times higher than those born AGA. Swedish women born LGA by weight or ponderal index had an increased risk of obesity in adulthood, irrespective of their birth length. Thus, increased risk of adult obesity seems to be identifiable from birth weight and ignoring proportionality.

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Serum Microelements in Early Pregnancy and their Risk of Large-for-Gestational Age Birth Weight

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12030866 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 866 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Małgorzata Lewandowska ◽

Jan Lubiński

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Preliminary Evidence ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Female Fetus ◽

Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Relationship Of

Excessive birth weight has serious perinatal consequences, and it “programs” long-term health. Mother’s nutritional status can be an important element in fetal “programming”; microelements such as selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) are involved in many metabolic processes. However, there are no studies assessing the relationship of the microelements in the peri-conceptual period with the risk of excessive birth weight. We performed a nested case control study of serum microelements’ levels in the 10–14th week of pregnancy and assessed the risk of large-for-gestational age (LGA) newborns using the data from a prospective cohort of pregnant women recruited in 2015–2016 in Poznań, Poland. Mothers delivering LGA newborns (n = 66) were examined with matched mothers delivering appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) newborns (n = 264). Microelements’ levels were quantified using mass spectrometry. The odds ratios of LGA (and 95% confidence intervals) were calculated by multivariate logistic regression. In the whole group, women with the lowest quartile of Se had a 3 times higher LGA risk compared with women in the highest Se quartile (AOR = 3.00; p = 0.013). Importantly, the result was sustained in the subgroup of women with the normal pre-pregnancy BMI (AOR = 4.79; p = 0.033) and in women with a male fetus (AOR = 6.28; p = 0.004), but it was not sustained in women with a female fetus. There were no statistical associations between Zn, Cu, and Fe levels and LGA. Our study provides some preliminary evidence for the relationships between lower serum Se levels in early pregnancy and a higher risk of large-for-gestational age birth weight. Appropriate Se intake in the periconceptual period may be important for optimal fetal growth.

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