Hemostatic Parameters in Newborn - I. Effect of Gestation and Rate of Intrauterine Growth

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 047-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Dube ◽  
R K Dube ◽  
V Bhargava ◽  
J K Kolindewala ◽  
V L N Kota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
Preterm Newborns

SummaryThe present study comprises of 208 term, 159 preterm and 18 post-term neonates born to mothers with no history of drug intake or any disease likely to effect coagulation of the newborn. PT, TT and KCCT were relatively prolonged and plasma fibrinogen reduced to varying degree in newborns (as compared to adults). There was further prolongation of TT and reduction in plasma fibrinogen levels amongst preterm newborns as compared to term babies; TT was more prolonged amongst post-term babies also. PT was significantly more prolonged till 30 weeks of gestation, after which a near plateau was formed. KCCT showed significant improvement after 33 weeks and a further trend to normalisation after 38 weeks of gestation. Serum FDP values showed too much of variation for any meaningful statistical analysis but generally FDPs were higher in preterm babies. Intrauterine growth rate had no significant effect on these parameters amongst preterms -similar values for SGA (small for gestational age), AGA (appropriate for gestational age) and LGA (large for gestational age). On the other hand, amongst term babies SGA neonates had significantly prolonged PT and low plasma fibrinogen as compared to AGA; LGA babies also showed more prolongation of TT as compared to AGA.

Gastric Retention in Neonates

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Madan Gupta ◽  
Yves W. Brans
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Nasogastric Tube ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Gastric Retention ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age

Forty-seven healthy neonates were fed by nasogastric tube 10 to 20 ml/kg of 5-gm/dl glucose in water containing 0.24 mg/dl of phenol red as a marker. The proportion of test meal remaining in the stomach 30 minutes after feeding was measured. Gestational ages ranged from 34 to 44 weeks and birth weights ranged from 1,300 to 4,680 gm. Thirteen of 29 term neonates were appropriate for gestational age (AGA), six were small for gestational age (SGA), and nine were large for gestational age (LGA). Of the 18 preterm neonates, 6 were AGA and 12 were SGA. Each baby was studied three times: at 4 to 12 hours after birth, before any other feeding, at 22 to 36 hours, and at 46 to 60 hours. Preterm AGA babies retained more than term AGA neonates at both 4 to 12 hours and 22 to 36 hours. Preterm SGA neonates retained more than their term peers at 4 to 12 hours only. In both term and preterm neonates, 30 minute gastric retention decreased significantly from the 4- to 12-hour period to the 22- to 36-hour period, but it was similar at 22 to 36 hours and 46 to 60 hours. At no time were there significant differences in retention between AGA, SGA, and LGA babies-except at 22 to 36 hours when preterm SGA neonates retained less than their AGA peers. Thus 30-minute gastric retention was affected mainly by gestational maturity and postnatal age rather than by the quality of intrauterine growth.

125I-human epidermal growth factor specific binding to placentas and fetal membranes from various pregnancy states

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen E. Hofmann ◽  
Ch. V. Rao ◽  
Fred R. Carman ◽  
Tariq A. Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Membrane ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Class A ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Abstract. Specific binding of 125I-human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) to homogenates of term human placentas and fetal membranes from normal and appropriate for gestational age (N = 20), intrauterine growth retarded (N = 9), twin (N = 11), White class A/B diabetic (N = 12), and large for gestational age (N = 13) pregnancies was measured. In all pregnancy states, placentas bound approximately four times more 125I-hEGF than did fetal membranes (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in 125I-hEGF binding to fetal membranes from the various pregnancy states (P > 0.05). 125I-hEGF specific binding to placentas from intrauterine growth retarded or twin pregnancies was significantly greater compared with placentas from normal and appropriate for gestational age pregnancies (P < 0.05). The binding to placentas from pregnancies complicated by White class A/B diabetes or large for gestational age infants, on the other hand, was not significantly different from that to placentas from normal and appropriate for gestational age pregnancies. 125I-hEGF specific binding did not differ between placentas from intrauterine growth retarded or twin pregnancies (P > 0.05). Placental and fetal membrane 125I-hEGF binding did not vary with fetal sex, maternal race, placental weight, or gestational age between 37 to 42 weeks (P > 0.05). Placental but not fetal membrane 125I-hEGF binding increased with increasing infant weight when appropriate for gestational age and large for gestational age infants were included (P < 0.05, r = 0.38, N = 32) but not for intrauterine growth retarded, appropriate for gestational age, or large for gestational age infants alone.

Hemostatic Parameters in Newborn - II. Sequential Study During the First Four Weeks of Life

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 051-053 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Kolindewala ◽  
B Dube ◽  
V Bhargava ◽  
R K Dube ◽  
V L N Kota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Thrombin Time ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Adult Level ◽  
Sequential Study ◽  
Preterm Babies

SummaryA sequential study of kaolin cephalin clotting time (KCCT), prothrombin time (PT), thrombin time (TT), plasma fibrinogen and serum FDP was conducted during the first four weeks of life on term and preterm babies. A “physiological dip” of PT and TT was noted inappropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies both term and preterm; in case of KCCT, the dip was significant in term AGA babies only. At the end of four weeks, PT and TT had moderately improved in term babies but showed little improvement in preterm ones; KCCT reached almost an adult value in all babies except in preterm AGA and term LGA (large for gestational age) ones. Plasma fibrinogen showed no “physiological dip” and reached adult level in two to four weeks. Serum FDP levels were appreciably raised in preterm AGA babies only at birth and there too normalised by 72 h.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial content and oxidative damage in full-term placentas from SGA, LGA and AGA infants pregnant women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Ramírez-Emiliano ◽  
Gloria Barbosa-Sabanero ◽  
Martha Solís-Martínez ◽  
Mariana Mina-Bravo ◽  
Edgar Martínez-Escamilla Edgar A ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Mitochondrial Content ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

IntroductionThe aim was to determine the mitochondrial content, oxidative and nitrosative status in placentas from pregnant women who delivery newborns with alteration of intrauterine growth.Material and methodsPlacentas were selected because the newborns were classified as small for gestational age (SGA, lowest 10th percentile; n = 9), appropriate for gestational age (AGA; n = 9) and large for gestational age (LGA, tallest 90th percentile; n = 9). In the placenta tissue oxidative and nitrosative status, and the mitochondrial content were determined.ResultsLipid peroxidation (TBARS) levels were higher in LGA placentas compared with SGA placentas, but not compared with AGA placentas. Carbonyl levels were higher in LGA placentas compared with the AGA and SGA placentas. The 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT)/actin ratio was higher in the SGA and LGA placentas than in AGA placentas. Moreover, AGA placentas did have higher cytochrome oxidase (COX4)/actin ratio compared with the SGA and LGA placentas. The AMP–activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK/actin ratio was significantly lower in placentas from SGA compared with the placentas from AGA and LGA. With respect to the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, this was significantly lower in placentas from LGA compared with the placentas from AGA and SGA.ConclusionsThe placentas of LGA newborns have higher oxidized lipid and protein levels, whereas SGA and LGA placentas have higher nitrosative damage levels than the AGA placentas; the present data also suggest that the mitochondrial content is lower in SGA and LGA placentas than in AGA placentas.

Extrauterine Growth Restriction in Preterm Infants: How to Achieve Optimal Catch-Up Growth During Hospitalization?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yuan Lan ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Gui-Mei Zhong ◽  
Li-Ya Pan ◽  
Huan-Huan Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Extrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Preterm Newborns

Abstract Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), a serious risk that potentially impairs the growth of preterm infants after birth and during childhood, triggers a thought of how to achieve optimal catch-up growth during hospitalization.We aimed to access the incidence of optimal catch-up growth in small-for-gestational-age (SGA), appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) infants, and identify the factors for optimal catch-up growth in preterm infants during hospitalization. Premature infants admitted to Shanghai Children’s Medical Center within 24 hours after birth from January 1,2016 to December 31, 2018 were enrolled. Prenatal, neonatal etiological, and nutrition data were collected and analyzed to identify factors associated with optimal catch-up growth during hospitalization. 105 (9.9%) of 1065 preterm newborns achieved predischarge optimal catch-up growth, including 27 (17.2%) of 157 SGA, 74 (8.5%) of 868 AGA, and 4 (10.0%) of 40 LGA infants. Logistic regression analysis indicated SGA, avoiding BPD and less days to regain birth weight as the contributing factors of optimal catch-up growth during hospitalization.Conclusion: SGA infants showed greater potential in predischarge optimal catch-up growth. Early abundant nutrition and avoiding BPD are essential for achieving optimal catch-up growth during hospitalization.

Comparison of Phototherapy Results in Small-for-Gestational-Age and Appropriate-for-Gestational-Age Infants Weighing Less Than 2,000 Grams

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-441
Author(s):  
Joan E. Hodgman ◽  
Paul Y. K. Wu ◽  
Nathaniel B. White ◽  
Dolores A. Bryla
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Congenital Defects ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

The infant who is small for gestational age (SGA) is more mature at birth than similar weight infants who are appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Whether the SGA infant behaves as does the larger gestationally equivalent infant, or whether there are specific changes related to intrauterine growth retardation is a matter of some interest in the understanding of the special needs of these infants. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) phototherapy study provided a large newborn population for whom birth weight, gestational age at birth, and, thereby, intrauterine growth were carefully assessed. Infants who weighed 2,000 g or more at birth were included in the study only when they became jaundiced, whereas infants who weighed less than 2,000 g at birth were routinely entered into the study. Consequently, this report will be limited to the lowbirth-weight population selected by birth weight. Too few SGA babies were present in the groups with greater birth weight to allow meaningful comparisons. PATIENT SELECTIQN All infants whose birth weight was less than 2,000 g were entered into the study at 24 ± 12 hours. Those excluded from the study were: (1) infants who died before 24 hours, (2) infants with serious congenital defects, and (3) infants whose mothers refused consent for study. The study population consisted of 922 infants surviving at 24 hours. Gestational age was calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period obtained from maternal history and also by the evaluation techniques of Dubowitz.25 Intrauterine growth was determined by plotting birth weight and gestational age on the Denver Intrauterine Growth Curves8; infants below the 10th percentile were considered SGA.

scholarly journals Early Postnatal Metabolic Profile in Neonates With Different Birth Weight Status: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serdar Beken ◽  
Saygin Abali ◽  
Neslihan Yildirim Saral ◽  
Bengisu Guner ◽  
Taha Dinc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Introduction: Restricted or enhanced intrauterine growth is associated with elevated risks of early and late metabolic problems in humans. Metabolomics based on amino acid and carnitine/acylcarnitine profile may have a role in fetal and early postnatal energy metabolism. In this study, the relationship between intrauterine growth status and early metabolomics profile was evaluated.Materials and Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted. Three hundred and sixty-one newborn infants were enrolled into the study, and they were grouped according to their birth weight percentile as small for gestational age (SGA, n = 69), appropriate for gestational age (AGA, n = 168), and large for gestational age (LGA, n = 124) infants. In all infants, amino acid and carnitine/acylcarnitine profiles with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were recorded and compared between groups.Results: LGA infants had higher levels of glutamic acid and lower levels of ornithine, alanine, and glycine (p &lt; 0.05) when compared with AGA infants. SGA infants had higher levels of alanine and glycine levels when compared with AGA and LGA infants. Total carnitine, C0, C2, C4, C5, C10:1, C18:1, C18:2, C14-OH, and C18:2-OH levels were significantly higher and C3 and C6-DC levels were lower in SGA infants (p &lt; 0.05). LGA infants had higher C3 and C5:1 levels and lower C18:2 and C16:1-OH levels (p &lt; 0.05). There were positive correlations between free carnitine and phenylalanine, arginine, methionine, alanine, and glycine levels (p &lt; 0.05). Also, a positive correlation between ponderal index and C3, C5-DC, C14, and C14:1 and a negative correlation between ponderal index and ornithine, alanine, glycine, C16:1-OH, and C18:2 were shown.Conclusion: We demonstrated differences in metabolomics possibly reflecting the energy metabolism in newborn infants with intrauterine growth problems in the early postnatal period. These differences might be the footprints of metabolic disturbances in future adulthood.

scholarly journals Large-for-gestational-age phenotypes and obesity risk in adulthood: a study of 195,936 women

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. B. Derraik ◽  
Sarah E. Maessen ◽  
John D. Gibbins ◽  
Wayne S. Cutfield ◽  
Maria Lundgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Appropriate For Gestational Age ◽  
Using Data

AbstractWhile there is evidence that being born large-for-gestational-age (LGA) is associated with an increased risk of obesity later in life, the data are conflicting. Thus, we aimed to examine the associations between proportionality at birth and later obesity risk in adulthood. This was a retrospective study using data recorded in the Swedish Birth Register. Anthropometry in adulthood was assessed in 195,936 pregnant women at 10–12 weeks of gestation. All women were born at term (37–41 weeks of gestation). LGA was defined as birth weight and/or length ≥2.0 SDS. Women were separated into four groups: appropriate-for-gestational-age according to both weight and length (AGA – reference group; n = 183,662), LGA by weight only (n = 4,026), LGA by length only (n = 5,465), and LGA by both weight and length (n = 2,783). Women born LGA based on length, weight, or both had BMI 0.12, 1.16, and 1.08 kg/m2 greater than women born AGA, respectively. The adjusted relative risk (aRR) of obesity was 1.50 times higher for those born LGA by weight and 1.51 times for LGA by both weight and height. Length at birth was not associated with obesity risk. Similarly, women born LGA by ponderal index had BMI 1.0 kg/m2 greater and an aRR of obesity 1.39 times higher than those born AGA. Swedish women born LGA by weight or ponderal index had an increased risk of obesity in adulthood, irrespective of their birth length. Thus, increased risk of adult obesity seems to be identifiable from birth weight and ignoring proportionality.

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