Sweat Chloride Measurement With a Highly Sensitive Electrode

Pancreas ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saturo Naruse ◽  
Hiroshi Ishiguro ◽  
Keiichi Shirota ◽  
Miyuki Nakakuki ◽  
Akiko Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Chloride ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sensitive Electrode

A new method to measure nitrate/nitrite with a NO-sensitive electrode

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Berkels ◽  
Svenja Purol-Schnabel ◽  
Renate Roesen
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Products ◽  
New Method ◽  
Guinea Pig Heart ◽  
Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cell ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Endothelial Cell Cultures ◽  
Iodide Solution ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite ◽  
Sensitive Electrode ◽  
Unstable Molecule

There are different methods to measure the unstable molecule nitric oxide (NO). We will describe a new sensitive method to measure NO by reconversion of nitrate/nitrite to NO, which will be determined with an amperometric Clark-type electrode. Nitrate and nitrite are the degradation products of NO. First, nitrate is enzymatically converted to nitrite with the use of the nitrate reductase. Second, nitrite is reduced to equimolar NO concentrations by an acidic iodide solution. The detection limit of the electrode in an aqueous solution was 2 nmol/l NO (meaning the threshold was depending on the volume added: 500 μl of a 0.2 μmol/l nitrite solution added to a 10-ml bath). This method provides the ability to assess basal and agonist-stimulated NO releases of different biological models. We measured basal and carbachol-stimulated NO release of native endothelial cells from porcine coronary arteries and porcine aortic endothelial cell cultures. Moreover, it was possible to measure the nitrate/nitrite concentration in the coronary effluent of a guinea pig heart. In conclusion, we present a valid, highly sensitive new method of measuring nitrite/NO in biological systems with a commercially available electrode.

Highly sensitive electrode materials for the voltammetric determination of nitrofurantoin based on zinc cobaltate nanosheets

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (28) ◽  
pp. 12036-12047
Author(s):  
Chelliah Koventhan ◽  
Venkatachalam Vinothkumar ◽  
Shen-Ming Chen ◽  
Arumugam Sangili
Keyword(s):  
Electrocatalytic Activity ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Voltammetric Determination ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sensitive Electrode

Schematic illustration of the electrocatalytic activity of nitrofurantoin (NFT) on ZnCo2O4 nanosheets.

Ni doping in CuO: A highly sensitive electrode for sensing ammonia in ppm level using lanthanum gallate based electrolyte

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 110478 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nithya ◽  
R. Sharan ◽  
Mainak Roy ◽  
Hack Ho Kim ◽  
Tatsumi Ishihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lanthanum Gallate ◽  
Ni Doping ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sensitive Electrode ◽  
Ppm Level

The in situ growth of CuO nanostructures on an ITO substrate and its application as a highly sensitive electrode for the electrochemical determination of N-acetyl-l-cysteine

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 2708-2716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mawada Mohamed Tunesi ◽  
Razium Ali Soomro ◽  
Ramazan Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Determination ◽  
Electrochemical Sensing ◽  
In Situ Growth ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Sensitive Electrode

This study describes the application of a new ITO-based electrode for the electrochemical sensing of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC).

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

Fluorescence ratio imaging of dynamic intracellular ionic signals

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
R. Y. Tsien ◽  
A. Minta ◽  
M. Poenie ◽  
J.P.Y. Kao ◽  
A. Harootunian
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Molecular Engineering ◽  
Ph Indicators ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Fluorescence Ratio Imaging ◽  
Ratio Imaging ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Indicator Dyes ◽  
Fluorescein Dyes

Recent technical advances now enable the continuous imaging of important ionic signals inside individual living cells with micron spatial resolution and subsecond time resolution. This methodology relies on the molecular engineering of indicator dyes whose fluorescence is strong and highly sensitive to ions such as Ca2+, H+, or Na+, or Mg2+. The Ca2+ indicators, exemplified by fura-2 and indo-1, derive their high affinity (Kd near 200 nM) and selectivity for Ca2+ to a versatile tetracarboxylate binding site3 modeled on and isosteric with the well known chelator EGTA. The most commonly used pH indicators are fluorescein dyes (such as BCECF) modified to adjust their pKa's and improve their retention inside cells. Na+ indicators are crown ethers with cavity sizes chosen to select Na+ over K+: Mg2+ indicators use tricarboxylate binding sites truncated from those of the Ca2+ chelators, resulting in a more compact arrangement of carboxylates to suit the smaller ion.

Various technic for the measurement of step thickness on crystal surfaces

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
C. Boulesteix ◽  
C. Colliex ◽  
C. Mory ◽  
B. Pardo ◽  
D. Renard
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thickness ◽  
Symmetric Case ◽  
Transmitted Intensity ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Excited Wave ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Contrast Mechanisms ◽  
Step Thickness ◽  
Thickness Variations

Contrast mechanisms, which are responsible of the various types of image formation, are generally thickness dependant. In the following, two imaging modes in the 100 kV CTEM are described : they are highly sensitive to thickness variations and can be used for quantitative estimations of step heights.Detailed calculations (1) of the bright-field intensity have been carried out in the 3 (or 2N+l)-beam symmetric case. They show that in given conditions, the two important symmetric Bloch waves interfere most strongly at a critical thickness for which they have equal emergent amplitudes (the more excited wave at the entrance surface is also the more absorbed). The transmitted intensity I for a Nd2O3 specimen has been calculated as a function of thickness t. The capacity of the method to detect a step and measure its height can be more clearly deduced from a plot of dl/Idt as shown in fig. 1.

Estimation of the noise in TEM image recorded on “imaging plate”

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 748-749
Author(s):  
T. Oikawa ◽  
N. Mori ◽  
T. Katoh ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
J. Miyahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Imaging Plate ◽  
Total System ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Image Recording ◽  
Recording Material ◽  
Highly Sensitive

The “Imaging Plate”(IP) is a highly sensitive image recording plate for X-ray radiography. It has been ascertained that the IP has superior properties and high practicability as an image recording material in a TEM. The sensitivity, one of the properties, is about 3 orders higher than that of conventional photo film. The IP is expected to be applied to low dose techniques. In this paper, an estimation of the quantum noise on the TEM image which appears in case of low electron dose on the IP is reported.In this experiment, the JEM-2000FX TEM and an IP having the same size as photo film were used.Figure 1 shows the schematic diagram of the total system including the TEM used in this experiment. In the reader, He-Ne laser light is scanned across the IP, then blue light is emitted from the IP.

High-sensitivity detection of gold labels by high-angle dark-field STEM imaging

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 892-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max T. Otten
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Backscattered Electron Imaging ◽  
Backscattered Electrons ◽  
Average Atomic Number ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
High Sensitivity Detection

Labelling of antibodies with small gold probes is a highly sensitive technique for detecting specific molecules in biological tissue. Larger gold probes are usually well visible in TEM or STEM Bright-Field images of unstained specimens. In stained specimens, however, the contrast of the stain is frequently the same as that of the gold labels, making it virtually impossible to identify the labels, especially when smaller gold labels are used to increase the sensitivity of the immunolabelling technique. TEM or STEM Dark-Field images fare no better (Figs. 1a and 2a), again because of the absence of a clear contrast difference between gold labels and stain.Potentially much more useful is backscattered-electron imaging, since this will show differences in average atomic number which are sufficiently large between the metallic gold and the stains normally used. However, for the thin specimens and at high accelerating voltages of the STEM, the yield of backscattered electrons is very small, resulting in a very weak signal. Consequently, the backscattered-electron signal is often too noisy for detecting small labels, even for large spot sizes.

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