Characteristics of Hepatitis C Virus Coinfection in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Population With Lower Reported Rates of Injection Drug Use

2009 ◽  
Vol 338 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Burton ◽  
Jake Olivier ◽  
Leandro Mena
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Infected Population ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Favorable Socioeconomic Status and Recreational Polydrug Use Are Linked With Sexual Hepatitis C Virus Transmission Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Chi Chen ◽  
Kjell J. Wiberg ◽  
Yu-Hsiang Hsieh ◽  
Arun Bansal ◽  
Philipe Bolzan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Polydrug Use ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sex With Men

AbstractBackground.  Sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) is an emerging issue. Studies addressing the temporal trends and risk factors associated with incident HCV in HIV-infected MSM in the community-based primary care settings in the United States are scarce.Methods.  Using a retrospective cohort study design, HCV incidence, defined as HCV antibody seroconversion, was determined in 1147 HIV-infected men receiving care at Chase Brexton Health Care clinics in Baltimore, Maryland between 2004 and 2014. Multivariate regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with incident HCV.Results.  There were 42 incident HCV infections during 5242 person-years (PY) of follow up (incidence rate [IR], 8.01/1000 PY). Thirty-seven (88%) of the incident infections were in MSM, of whom 31 (84%) reported no injection-drug use (IDU). The annual IRs for MSM were 13.1–15.8/1000 PY between 2004 and 2007, decreased to 2.7–6.2/1000 PY between 2008 and 2011, and increased to 10.4/1000 PY and 13.3/1000 PY in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Injection-drug use was strongly associated with incident HCV among all MSM (IR ratio [IRR], 14.15; P = .003); however, among MSM without IDU, entering care between 2010 and 2013 (IRR, 3.32; P = .01), being employed (IRR, 3.14; P = .03), and having a history of ulcerative sexually transmitted infections (IRR, 3.70; P = .009) or of polydrug use (IRR, 5.54; P = .01) independently predicted incident HCV.Conclusions.  In this cohort of HIV-infected men, a re-emerging HCV epidemic was observed from 2011 to 2014 among MSM. In addition to IDU, high-risk sexual behaviors, favorable socioeconomic status, and polydrug use fueled this increase in HCV infections.

scholarly journals Overrepresentation of Injection Drug Use Route of Infection Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Long-term Nonprogressors: A Nationwide, Retrospective Cohort Study in China, 1989–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Han ◽  
Zunyou Wu ◽  
Jennifer M McGoogan ◽  
Yurong Mao ◽  
Houlin Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Route Of Infection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background Why some persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) progress quickly and others remain “healthy” for a decade or more without treatment remains a fundamental question of HIV pathology. We aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics of HIV long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) based on a cohort of PLWH in China observed between 1989 and 2016. Methods We conducted a nationwide, retrospective cohort study among Chinese PLWH with HIV diagnosed before 1 January 2008. Records were extracted from China’s national HIV/AIDS database on 30 June 2016. LTNPs were defined as those with AIDS-free, antiretroviral therapy–naive survival, with CD4 cell counts consistently ≥500/μL for ≥8 years after diagnosis. Prevalence was calculated, characteristics were described, and determinants were assessed by means of logistic regression. Potential sources of bias were also investigated. Results Our cohort included 89 201 participants, of whom 1749 (2.0%) were categorized as LTNPs. The injection drug use (IDU) route of infection was reported by 70.7% of LTNPs, compared with only 37.1% of non-LTNPs. The odds of LTNP status were greater among those infected via IDU (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 2.28 [1.94–2.68]) and with HIV diagnosed in settings with large populations of persons who inject drugs (1.75 [1.51–2.02] for detention centers, 1.61 [1.39–1.87] for Yunnan, 1.94 [1.62–2.31] for Guangdong, and 2.90 [2.09–4.02] for Xinjiang). Conclusions Overrepresentation of the IDU route of infection among LTNPs is a surprising finding worthy of further study, and this newly defined cohort may be particularly well suited to exploration of the molecular biological mechanisms underlying HIV long-term nonprogression.

scholarly journals Missed Opportunities for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing During Injection Drug Use–Related Healthcare Encounters Among a Cohort of Persons Who Inject Drugs With HIV Diagnosed During an Outbreak—Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky, 2017–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan W Furukawa ◽  
Erin F Blau ◽  
Zach Reau ◽  
David Carlson ◽  
Zachary D Raney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background Persons who inject drugs (PWID) have frequent healthcare encounters related to their injection drug use (IDU) but are often not tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We sought to quantify missed opportunities for HIV testing during an HIV outbreak among PWID. Methods PWID with HIV diagnosed in 5 Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky counties during January 2017–September 2018 who had ≥1 encounter 12 months prior to HIV diagnosis in 1 of 2 Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky area healthcare systems were included in the analysis. HIV testing and encounter data were abstracted from electronic health records. A missed opportunity for HIV testing was defined as an encounter for an IDU-related condition where an HIV test was not performed and had not been performed in the prior 12 months. Results Among 109 PWID with HIV diagnosed who had ≥1 healthcare encounter, 75 (68.8%) had ≥1 IDU-related encounters in the 12 months before HIV diagnosis. These 75 PWID had 169 IDU-related encounters of which 86 (50.9%) were missed opportunities for HIV testing and occurred among 46 (42.2%) PWID. Most IDU-related encounters occurred in the emergency department (118/169; 69.8%). Using multivariable generalized estimating equations, HIV testing was more likely in inpatient compared with emergency department encounters (adjusted relative risk [RR], 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70–4.33) and at the healthcare system receiving funding for emergency department HIV testing (adjusted RR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.10–2.82). Conclusions PWID have frequent IDU-related encounters in emergency departments. Enhanced HIV screening of PWID in these settings can facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve outbreak response.

Significant differences in clinical outcomes between HIV-hepatitis C virus coinfected individuals with and without injection drug use history

AIDS ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Cescon ◽  
Keith Chan ◽  
Janet M. Raboud ◽  
Ann N. Burchell ◽  
Jamie I. Forrest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug
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