Coping Strategies and Psychological Distress Among Mothers of Patients With Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate and the Family Impact of This Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Hasanzadeh ◽  
Maryam Omid Khoda ◽  
Arezoo Jahanbin ◽  
Mona Vatankhah
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Baker ◽  
Jan Owens ◽  
Melanie Stern ◽  
Derrick Willmot

Objective: To examine the role of parents’ coping strategies and social support in the family impact of cleft lip and palate (CLP) and levels of adjustment and psychological distress and to investigate whether a child's age, type of cleft, or other reported medical problems influenced such outcomes. Design: A cross-sectional study. Participants: One hundred three parents of children or young adults with CLP recruited from families attending a multidisciplinary cleft lip and palate clinic. Outcome measures: Family impact, psychological distress, and positive adjustment were assessed using validated psychological questionnaires. Results: Findings indicated that while there were many impacts of a child's CLP, negative outcomes (family impact, psychological distress) were not high. In contrast, parents reported high levels of positive adjustment or stress-related growth as a result of their child's condition. Participants also reported high levels of social support and relied more on the use of approach rather than avoidance-oriented coping strategies. Having more support from friends and family was associated with less negative family impact, lower psychological distress, and better adjustment. Greater use of approach coping was associated with more positive adjustment; whereas, avoidant coping was associated with a greater family impact and more psychological distress. Having a younger child and/or a child with medical problems in addition to CLP was associated with a greater impact on the family. Conclusions: How parents cope with their child's condition and the levels of support received may have implications for caregivers, the family unit, and the delivery of more family-oriented CLP services.


2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 1291-1297
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. Agnew ◽  
Lyndie A. Foster Page ◽  
Sally Hibbert ◽  
William M. Thomson

Objective: To describe the association between children’s orofacial cleft (OFC) and families’ quality of life (QoL), using the short-form Family Impact Scale questionnaire (FIS-SF). Also assessed were the psychometric properties of the FIS-SF, as well as whether certain demographic and clinical variables impacted the family. Design: Observational cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary care public children’s hospital in New South Wales, Australia. Participants: Parents/caregivers of children with OFC. Main outcome measure(s): The short-form Family Impact Scale questionnaire. Results: Two hundred and fourteen parents completed the FIS-SF. Excellent convergent validity was evident, but discriminant validity was weaker. Those children with velopharyngeal insufficiency/submucous cleft reported lower scores on the family/parental activity, and lower overall family impact scores than those with cleft lip (CL) or cleft palate (CP). Those with cleft lip and palate (CL/P) had poorer family/parental activity scores than those with CP. There were no systematic differences in FIS-SF scores by the child’s age, gender, private health insurance, living location, the number of cleft-related operations, or whether a child had commenced orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: The FIS-SF is a valid and reliable measure for determining the impact that OFC has on family QoL. The impact of OFC on children’s families differs according to cleft type.


2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110628
Author(s):  
Ramon Manuel Aleman ◽  
Maria Guadalupe Martinez

Objective The aim of this study was to describe coping strategies used by parents of children with cleft palate with or without a cleft (CP ± L) during the early development of their children in El Salvador. Design Qualitative interviews were completed with 16 parents of children born with CP ± L who were 6 months to 6 years old. Parents were questioned about their emotions and coping during eight time periods: prenatal, birth, social interaction before the first surgery, the beginning of surgeries, social interaction after the first surgery, early childhood education (ECE), speech–language therapy, and formal education. Thematic analysis (TA) was used to identify coping strategies as conceptualized by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) . Results Four major themes emerged: (a) experienced emotions related to diagnosis, (b) interpretations related to the birth of a child with a cleft, (c) seeking and experiencing cleft treatment, and (d) social interaction of the children. During prenatal and birth stages, parents used emotion-focused strategies. A few hours to a week after birth, they used problem-focused strategies, which led them in search of treatment. Some parents used avoidance strategies during periods of social interaction before surgery, ECE, and formal education. Socioeconomic challenges impacted access to speech–language therapy. Sociocultural factors, such as discrimination, religion, and folk beliefs, appeared to influence some of the coping strategies used by parents. Conclusions Problem-focused strategies appear to be helpful in seeking surgical treatments. The emotion-focused strategy of avoidance seemed to have adverse effects in minimizing opportunities for social interaction prior to surgery and early education.


Author(s):  
Н.В. Румянцева ◽  
О.М. Хурс ◽  
И.В. Наумчик ◽  
И.В. Новикова ◽  
Н.А. Венчикова

Межхромосомная инсерция - редкий вариант сбалансированной перестройки, когда интерстициальный фрагмент одной хромосомы встраивается в другую негомологичную хромосому. Носители инсерций имеют нормальный фенотип и фертильность, но повышенный риск как спонтанных абортов (СА), так и рождения детей с хромосомным дисбалансом. Цель исследования: оценить сегрегацию хромосом у носителей межхромосомной инсерции ins(11;2)(q21;q31.1q32.3) для уточнения риска наследования потомством несбалансированного набора хромосом, провести анализ фенотипических проявлений при сегментных моно- и трисомии 2q31.1q32.3. Представлены клинико-цитогенетические данные носителей межхромосомной ins(11;2)(q21;q31.1q32.1) с длиной инсертированного фрагмента 0,8-0,9% гаплоидной длины аутосом. У 6 носителей зарегистрировано 15 беременностей, из которых 47% завершилось неблагополучным исходом: удельный вес СА составил 20%, в 1 случае диагностирована неразвивающаяся беременность (кариотип плода 46,XY), унаследованный дисбаланс установлен у 3 потомков. Распределение вариантов с кариотипами нормальный : сбалансированная инсерция : der(2) : der(11) составило 3:6:1:1, эмпирический риск образования зигот с хромосомным дисбалансом - 18% (2/11). Данные сравнительного анализа проявлений моносомии 2q31.1q32.1 (2 представленных родственника) и моносомии 2q31q33 (18 ранее описанных живорожденных пациентов) демонстрируют высокую степень фенотипического сходства. Фенотипические признаки у двух пациентов с der(2)ins(11;2) соответствуют симптомокомплексу, который рассматривается клинически очерченным синдромом моносомии 2q31q32. Наличие эктродактилии у 2 детей подтверждает связь порока с утратой генов, локализованных в сегменте 2q31.1. Результаты анализа репродуктивных исходов в представленной семье и описанных в литературе случаев демонстрируют возможность рождения потомства как с моно-, так и с трисомией 2q31q32, и позволяют оценивать риски повторного рождения детей с данными сегментными анеусомиями на уровне 30-40%, а вероятность СА - в 20-33%. У плода с трисомией 2q31.1q32.3 отмечены неспецифические признаки аутосомного дисбаланса. Микроцефалия, расщелина неба/губы и неба, эктродактилия являются основными диагностическими маркерами патологии плода, значимыми для пренатальной УЗ диагностики. Interchromosomal insertion is a rare balanced chromosomal rearrangement that occur when an interstitial segment of one chromosome is translocated into another non-homologous chromosome. Carriers of insertions display normal phenotype and fertility, but have an increased risks of spontaneous abortions (SA) and viable offspring with inherited chromosomal imbalance. The aim of study: to assess the interchromosomal ins(11;2)(q21;q31.1q32.3) segregation to determine the genetic risk of inheriting an unbalanced karyotype by the outcome; to analyze segmental mono- and trisomy 2q31.1q32.3 phenotypic manifestations.Family with reproductive failure history was investigated using a clinical, genealogical, ultrasound, cytogenetical (GTG-banding) and morphological methods. Risks of reproductive loss and aneusomic offspring birth were calculated. The outcome prognosis and prenatal diagnostics results were discussed. Clinical, cytogenetical and reproductive history data of carriers ins(11;2) (q21;q31.1q32.3) were presented. The size of insertional segment is about 0,8-0,9% haploid autosomal length (HAL). Outcomes of 15 pregnancies of 6 carriers were as follows: rate of miscarries - 20%, one miscarriage - fetus with karyotype 46,XY, 3 cases - chromosomal imbalance. The segregation ratio for normal:balanced:der(2):der(11) is 3:6:1:1; the empirical risk for forming aneuploid zygotes is 18% (2/11). Segmental monosomy 2q31.1q32.1 phenotypic features in 2 presented patients are similar with clinical signs of 18 previously reported live-born children with monosomy 2q31q33. Ectrodactyly in 2 our patients confirms association of malformation with 2q31.1 region loss. The presented and reported cases data illustrate a possibility of giving birth of offspring with segmental monosomy as well as trisomy 2q31q32, risk of viable offspring with inherited imbalance may be estimated as 30-40%, spontaneous abortions rate - 20-33%. Fetus with trisomy 2q31.1q32.3 showed unspecific signs of autosomal imbalance. Pattern of phenotypical features reported in 2 relatives with der(2)ins(11;2) correlates with clinically recognizable monosomy 2q31q32 syndrome. Microcephaly, cleft palate/cleft lip and palate, ectrodactyly are the main diagnostic markers of fetal pathology which can be identified using prenatal ultrasound investigation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110251
Author(s):  
Anna Paganini ◽  
Martin Persson ◽  
Hans Mark

Objective: To investigate the influence of gender, dispositional optimism, and coping strategies on appearance-related distress among individuals with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design: Cross-sectional design with self-report questionnaires analyzed primarily with Spearman correlations ( r s) and multivariate regression analyses. Setting: A tertiary cleft center in Sweden. Participants: Eighty individuals with UCLP born 1966 to 1986. The mean age for men (n = 50) and women (n = 30) was 38.8 and 37.4 years, respectively. Main Outcome Measures: The Derriford Appearance Scale 24 measured appearance-related distress, the Life Orientation Test–Revised, short version measured dispositional optimism and pessimism, and the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced, short version included 14 coping strategies. Results: Women had higher appearance-related distress than men, which was significantly ( P < .05) related to self-blame ( r s = 0.59), pessimism ( r s = 0.59), and low optimism ( r s = −0.56). Men’s appearance-related distress was significantly associated with low active coping ( r s = 0.35), low use of emotional support ( r s = 0.29), denial ( r s = 0.39), behavioral disengagement ( r s = 0.41), and pessimism ( r s = 0.28). The only significant gender interaction reflected greater impact of optimism in reducing appearance-related distress for women (β = −0.06). Conclusions: This study showed that high levels of dispositional optimism decrease appearance-related distress, particularly for women. The coping strategies used differed between men and women, and the results suggest that both gender and psychosocial facto r s need to be considered in regard to appearance-related distress among individuals with UCLP in both clinical and research settings. A possible way to decrease distress is to strengthen positive coping strategies and dispositional optimism.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 878-892
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Napoli ◽  
Linda D. Vallino

Purpose The 2 most commonly used operations to treat velopharyngeal inadequacy (VPI) are superiorly based pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty, both of which may result in hyponasal speech and airway obstruction. The purpose of this article is to (a) describe the bilateral buccal flap revision palatoplasty (BBFRP) as an alternative technique to manage VPI while minimizing these risks and (b) conduct a systematic review of the evidence of BBFRP on speech and other clinical outcomes. A report comparing the speech of a child with hypernasality before and after BBFRP is presented. Method A review of databases was conducted for studies of buccal flaps to treat VPI. Using the principles of a systematic review, the articles were read, and data were abstracted for study characteristics that were developed a priori. With respect to the case report, speech and instrumental data from a child with repaired cleft lip and palate and hypernasal speech were collected and analyzed before and after surgery. Results Eight articles were included in the analysis. The results were positive, and the evidence is in favor of BBFRP in improving velopharyngeal function, while minimizing the risk of hyponasal speech and obstructive sleep apnea. Before surgery, the child's speech was characterized by moderate hypernasality, and after surgery, it was judged to be within normal limits. Conclusion Based on clinical experience and results from the systematic review, there is sufficient evidence that the buccal flap is effective in improving resonance and minimizing obstructive sleep apnea. We recommend BBFRP as another approach in selected patients to manage VPI. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9919352


1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro A. Figueroa ◽  
John W. Polley ◽  
Mimis Cohen

BDJ ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 185 (7) ◽  
pp. 320-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biase Di ◽  
A Markus

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