scholarly journals Novel use of burrow casting as a research tool in deep-sea ecology

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 648-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Seike ◽  
Robert G. Jenkins ◽  
Hiromi Watanabe ◽  
Hidetaka Nomaki ◽  
Kei Sato
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Benthic Metabolism ◽  
Burrow Structure ◽  
Shallow Water Species ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Burrow Morphology ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
Seep Site

Although the deep sea is the largest ecosystem on Earth, its infaunal ecology remains poorly understood because of the logistical challenges. Here we report the morphology of relatively large burrows obtained by in situ burrow casting at a hydrocarbon-seep site and a non-seep site at water depths of 1173 and 1455 m, respectively. Deep and complex burrows are abundant at both sites, indicating that the burrows introduce oxygen-rich sea water into the deep reducing substrate, thereby influencing benthic metabolism and nutrient fluxes, and providing an oxic microhabitat for small organisms. Burrow castings reveal that the solemyid bivalve Acharax johnsoni mines sulphide from the sediment, as documented for related shallow-water species. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine in situ burrow morphology in the deep sea by means of burrow casting, providing detailed information on burrow structure which will aid the interpretation of seabed processes in the deep sea.

Environmental versus genetic causes of morphologic variability in bryozoan colonies from the deep sea

Paleobiology ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. M. Schopf
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Level Population ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Genetic Causes ◽  
Single Genotype ◽  
Shallow Water Species ◽  
Water Species

Bryozoans are colonial animals and this permits the partitioning of their morphologic variability into components of within colony (i.e. within a single genotype) and between colony (i.e. between genotype) variance. These data have been obtained for four species of the endemic deep-sea genus Euginoma for a series of characters. In 8 comparisons, one component of the total variance dominated at the 5% level. Population (between colony) variance contributed significantly to the total variance in 63% of the comparisons (5 of 8); individual (within colony) variance contributed significantly to the total variance in 37% of the comparisons (3 of 8).Compared to shallow water species, the surprising feature of the deep-sea data is that the between colony component of variance is as high as it is. Possibly in the more stable, deep-sea environment, the genotypic contribution to the variance of each individual colony is expressed to a greater degree than in the more variable, shallow water regime. If so, then analyses of variability in colonial animals may be an independent means of ascertaining stability gradients in the fossil record.

Interspecific differences in the burrow morphology between the sympatric mud shrimps, Austinogebia narutensis and Upogebia issaeffi (Crustacea: Thalassinidea: Upogebiidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Kinoshita ◽  
Gyo Itani
Keyword(s):  
Size Effects ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Burrow Structure ◽  
Shaped Pattern ◽  
Burrow Morphology ◽  
Shaped Section

The morphology of burrows constructed by the upogebiid mud shrimps Austinogebia narutensis and Upogebia issaeffi was studied using resin castings of burrows in situ on Mukaishima Island, Seto Inland Sea, Japan, where the two species occurred sympatrically. The burrow structure of both shrimps is a relatively simple Y-shaped pattern, which is typical of the family Upogebiidae. Total burrow length, and length and overall width of the U-shaped section of A. narutensis were greater than those of U. issaeffi, possibly because A. narutensis is the larger species. When the ratios of the burrow measurements to the mean burrow diameter were compared to exclude possible size effects, the burrows of A. narutensis had a wider and shallower U-shaped section than those of U. issaeffi. Because the casts were made where the two species occurred sympatrically, the differences in the burrow morphology were not due to the differences in environmental factors but to the difference in the shrimp species, whether they are adaptive or not.

The Reproductive Biology of the Deep-Sea Asteroid Bathybiaster Vexillifer

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Tyler ◽  
S. L. Pain ◽  
J. D. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
Shallow Water Species ◽  
Water Species

INTRODUCTIONThe reproductive biology of asteroids from a wide variety of ecological niches has been examined (Farmanfarmaian et al. 1958; Cognetti & Delavault, i962;Pearse, 1965; Chia, 1968; Crump, 1971; Jangoux & Vloebergh, 1973; Worley, Franz & Hendler, 1977; Barker, 1979; Shick, Taylor & Lamb, 1981). Most of the species within this class appear to show some degree of seasonal reproductive synchrony with very few species showing aseasonal reproduction (Shick et al. 1981). Although the seasonally reproducing asteroids show a wide variety of reproductive strategies, from planktotrophic larvae to direct development, they all occur in relatively shallow water and are thus subject to the seasonal fluctuations of the physico-chemical environment. Only two shallow-water species, Ctenodiscus crispatus (Shick et al. 1981) and Patiriella exigua (Lawson-Kerr & Anderson, 1978), have aseasonal reproduction in both males and females. However, the deep sea is the only major environment in the world's ocean for which we have no data for the reproductive cycle of asteroids.

scholarly journals Multiple origins of deep-sea Asellota (Crustacea: Isopoda) from shallow waters revealed by molecular data

2008 ◽  
Vol 276 (1658) ◽  
pp. 799-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Raupach ◽  
Christoph Mayer ◽  
Marina Malyutina ◽  
Johann-Wolfgang Wägele
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Morphological Adaptations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Shallow Water Species ◽  
Water Species ◽  
Variable Group

The Asellota are a highly variable group of Isopoda with many species in freshwater and marine shallow-water environments. However, in the deep sea, they show their most impressive radiation with a broad range of astonishing morphological adaptations and bizarre body forms. Nevertheless, the evolution and phylogeny of the deep-sea Asellota are poorly known because of difficulties in scoring morphological characters. In this study, the molecular phylogeny of the Asellota is evaluated for 15 marine shallow-water species and 101 deep-sea species, using complete 18S and partial 28S rDNA gene sequences. Our molecular data support the monophyly of most deep-sea families and give evidence for a multiple colonization of the deep sea by at least four major lineages of asellote isopods. According to our molecular data, one of these lineages indicates an impressive radiation in the deep sea. Furthermore, the present study rejects the monophyly of the family Janiridae, a group of plesiomorphic shallow-water Asellota, and several shallow-water and deep-sea genera ( Acanthaspidia , Ianthopsis , Haploniscus , Echinozone , Eurycope , Munnopsurus and Syneurycope ).

scholarly journals Calliostoma and Akoya of the Californian Marine Province (Gastropoda: Calliostomatidae)

The Festivus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Paul Tuskes ◽  
Ann McGowan-Tuskes
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Shallow Water ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Shallow Water Species ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Sessile Organisms ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Water Species

Fifteen species of Calliostomatidae are known to occur in the Californian marine province. Biological observations in situ on shallow water species indicates they are primarily carnivores, feeding on sessile organisms such as sponge, bryozoan, hydrozoa, diatoms and various Cnidaria. Adult variation, distribution, depth, and habitat are discussed and a summary of distribution records are provided for unique species. Analysis of shell morphology indicates Akoya titanium is a synonymy of A. platinum. A review of museum material also suggests that C. splendens appears to be correctly placed as a synonym of C. supragranosm. A new species of Calliostoma from the most southern portion of the Californian marine province is described and illustrated.

In‐situ enrichment of heavy metals from deep‐sea water by an ion‐exchange pump system

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Koschinsky ◽  
Axel Szemeitat ◽  
Michael Maggiulli ◽  
Peter Halbach
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Deep Sea Water

scholarly journals Middle Triassic autoclastic deposits from southwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Duje Smirčić ◽  
Boško Lugović ◽  
Dunja Aljinović ◽  
Hazim Hrvatović ◽  
Tea Kolar-Jurkovšek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Extensional Tectonic ◽  
Volcaniclastic Rocks ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
External Dinarides

Middle Triassic volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks have been recognized at several localities near Bosansko Grahovo, in southwestern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the External Dinarides. Peculiar types of autoclastic rocks were investigated. These are peperites and hyaloclastites. Regarding specific structures, mineral composition and micropetrographic characteristics it was possible to further differentiate hyaloclastites into in situ hyaloclastites and slightly resedimented hyaloclastites that represent genetic succession. All rock types occurred in a deep sea troughs that formed as a consequence of Middle Triassic extensional tectonic and rift related wrench faulting. In situ hyaloclastites and slightly resedimented hyaloclastites were formed due to quenching at the contact of lava effusions with sea water. Genesis of peperites is related to lava emplacement in unconsolidated water saturated lime mudstones that were deposited in deep sea basin. All investigated rock types represent first findings of autoclastic deposits in the External Dinarides. Biostratigraphic constraints achieved by means of conodont species Neogondolella excentrica, Paragondolella excelsa, Paragondolella trammeri and Gladigondolella tethydis indicate Late Anisian to Early Ladinian interval of the autoclastic deposits from Bosansko Grahovo.

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