scholarly journals Queen reproductive tract secretions enhance sperm motility in ants

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 20160722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanito Liberti ◽  
Boris Baer ◽  
Jacobus J. Boomsma
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Single Mating ◽  
Leaf Cutting ◽  
Acromyrmex Echinatior ◽  
Term Storage

Queens of Acromyrmex leaf-cutting ants store sperm of multiple males after a single mating flight, and never remate even though they may live for decades and lay tens of thousands of eggs. Sperm of different males are initially transferred to the bursa copulatrix and compete for access to the long-term storage organ of queens, but the factors determining storage success or failure have never been studied. We used in vitro experiments to show that reproductive tract secretions of Acromyrmex echinatior queens increase sperm swimming performance by at least 50% without discriminating between sperm of brothers and unrelated males. Indiscriminate female-induced sperm chemokinesis makes the likelihood of storage directly dependent on initial sperm viability and thus provides a simple mechanism to secure maximal possible reproductive success of queens, provided that initial sperm motility is an accurate predictor of viability during later egg fertilization.

Patulin production by Penicillium expansum isolates from apples during different steps of long-term storage

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. De Clercq ◽  
G. Vlaemynck ◽  
E. Van Pamel ◽  
D. Colman ◽  
M. Heyndrickx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
In Vitro Investigation ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Term Storage

Penicillium expansum is the principal cause of blue mould rot and associated production of patulin, a weak mycotoxin, in apples worldwide. P. expansum growth and patulin production is observed during improper or long-term storage of apples. We have investigated the extent to which each successive step during long-term storage contributes to patulin production in various P. expansum isolates. Fungal isolates collected on apples from several Belgian orchards/industries were identified to species level. Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and β-tubulin gene sequencing identified P. expansum and Penicillium solitum as the most prevalent Penicillium species associated with Belgian apples. All 27 P. expansum isolates and eight reference strains were characterised for their patulin production capacity on apple puree agar medium for five days under classical constant temperature and atmosphere conditions. Under these conditions, a large range of patulin production levels was observed. Based on this phenotypic diversity, five P. expansum isolates and one reference strain were selected for in vitro investigation of patulin production under representative conditions in each step of long-term apple storage. Patulin accumulation seemed highly strain dependent and no significant differences between the storage steps were observed. The results also indicated that a high spore inoculum may lead to a strong patulin accumulation even at cold temperatures (1 °C) combined with controlled atmosphere (CA) (3% O2, 1% CO2), suggesting that future control strategies may benefit from considering the duration of storage under CA conditions as well as duration of deck storage.

Sperm motility evaluation following long-term storage (5 years) of cryopreserved sea bream (Sparus aurata L., 1758) semen

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fabbrocini ◽  
R. D'Adamo ◽  
S. Pelosi ◽  
L. F. J. Oliveira ◽  
F. Del Prete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Sea Bream ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

scholarly journals Effect of Long-Term Storage on Mycobiota of Barley Grain and Malt

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Soňa Felšöciová ◽  
Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski ◽  
Tomáš Krajčovič ◽  
Štefan Dráb ◽  
Miroslava Kačániová
Keyword(s):  
Barley Grain ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Fungal Microbiome ◽  
Term Storage

Contamination of malting barley grain and malt with micromycetes sampled at various periods post-harvest (3rd, 6th, and 9th month of storage) and types of storage (storage silo and floor warehouse) was investigated. Each of these barley grain samples was malted. This article reports on the changes in the fungal microbiome composition and their overall count in barley grain and malt. From the surface-disinfected barley grain samples collected immediately after harvest, there were eight genera isolated, with a predominance of Alternaria. A small increase of isolated microfungi was detected in barley stored in silo for 3 and 6 months (from 142 isolates to 149) and decreased below the number of isolates in barley before storage (133 isolates). Fungal count during storage gradually decreased up to 9 month in barley stored in floor warehouse (from 142 isolates to 84). The initial total count of microscopic fungi in malt before storage was the highest (112 isolates) with 7 genera detected, compared to malts prepared from barley stored for longer time (54 isolates, 7 genera, 9th month of storage). Alternaria was the most abundant and frequent genus. Quantitative representation of the filamentous microscopic fungi was lower compared to yeasts especially in barley and malt prepared from barley stored at third month of storage in both type of storage. Yeasts were identified from all grain samples and malt samples with mass spectrometry. Most attention was given to the widely distributed fungus Penicillium, 79% of strains produced at least one mycotoxin detected under in vitro assays using the TLC method (97% of them produced griseofulvin, 94% CPA, 79% patulin, 14% roquefortin C, and penitrem A was produced by two screening strains under laboratory conditions). It is therefore important to monitor the microflora throughout the production cycle of “barley to beer”.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CRYOСONSERVED SPERM OF SIRES OF THE LEBEDINIAN BREED AND ORIGINAL BROWN CATTLE OF GERMANY

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
V. I. Ladyka ◽  
Y. I. Sklyarenko ◽  
Y. M. Pavlenko ◽  
O. V. Sherbak
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Brown Cattle ◽  
Cryopreserved Sperm ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Term Storage

In recent years, in Ukraine, as well as around the world, some local breeds have been on the verge of extinction, resulting in irretrievable loss of valuable genes, reduction of genetic diversity. In order to avoid these problems, it is necessary to work on the conservation of animal genetic resources. The creation of banks for long-term storage of biological material is one of the methods of preserving the gene pool of local, small and indigenous breeds of animals. Sperm quality is one of the main factors that determines the success of insemination of heifers and cows. Comprehensive analysis of sperm includes a large number of qualitative and quantitative indicators, the accuracy of which is influenced by a number of objective and subjective factors. Currently, microscopic analysis of sperm motility and survival is used in production conditions. Such approaches are easy to implement, but their results can be subjective. Research using a computer-based sperm fertility analysis system is becoming a priority today. With the help of CASA-Sperm Vision it is possible to carry out a morphological analysis already during the study of sperm motility. The purpose of our research was to analyze the quality of deep-frozen sperm of sires of Lebedinian breed and original brown cattle of Germany in order to attract such genetic material in the conservation of local Lebedinian breed cattle. Materials and methods. In the study used cryopreserved sperm doses of five sires of Lebedinian breed and three sires of the original brown cattle of Germany. Researches of qualitative, quantitative and dynamic characteristics of sperm of bulls were carried out at the laboratory of biotechnology of reproduction of Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS and production laboratory "Ukrainian genetic company" using computer analysis of sperm motility Sperm Analysis System Version 12 IVOS. It was determined that the average dose of cryopreserved sperm of bulls of the Lebedinian breed was 0.25 ml, and of the sires of the original brown cattle of Germany -0.21 ml. It was found that the sires of the original brown cattle of Germany had the best indicators of total sperm motility by 21.7% compared to the sires of the Lebedinian breed (55.7%). They also noted a greater number of sperm with straight-forward movement of 16.5%. (40.2% of the Lebedinian breed sires). The average concentration of sperm in one milliliter was 10.5 times higher in animals of the Lebedinian breed (compared to the sires of the original brown cattle of Germany (331 million/ml). Comparing the indicators of the average speed of the sperm on the average trajectory (VAP), it should be noted that the minimum value was 85.3 microns/sec, the maximum value for this indicator – 141.7 microns/sec. The results of the VSL study showed that the average value of this indicator of sperm in the studied sperm doses of sires of the Lebedinian breed was 102 microns/sec, of the original brown cattle of Germany – 75. Obtained opposite to the direction coefficients of the correlation depending on the origin, between total sperm motility and average sperm speed for the average trajectory, the average speed of the sperm on the real trajectory, the average deviation of the sperm, the degree of straightness of the directed movement of sperm. Summary. 1. The complex of researches provided an objective analysis of qualitative and quantitative indicators of cryopreserved sperm production of the bulls of original brown cattle of Germany and the Lebedinian breed. It was found that the quality of the studied sperm doses met the requirements of "Instructions for Artificial Insemination of Cows and Heifers" (Order of the Ministry of Agrarian Policy of Ukraine dated August 1, 2001 № 230). 2. The comparative analysis of sperm production of the original brown cattle of Germany and the Lebedinian breed for its long-term storage was carried out. It is established that the sperm of sires of the original brown cattle of Germany exhibit higher dynamic characteristics of movement, while the sperm of sires of the Lebedinian breed were inferior to them in these indicators. 3. The possibility of insemination of females with cryopreserved sperm of the studied bulls whose sperm production has been stored for more than 30 years has been proved.

scholarly journals Preservation of In Vitro Grown Shoot Tips of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by Different Methods of Cryopreservation

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Shambhu P. Dhital ◽  
Hira K. Manandhar ◽  
Hak T. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
In Vitro Plantlets ◽  
Tuber Morphology ◽  
Vegetatively Propagated Plants ◽  
Term Storage

Cryopreservation has been recognized as a practical and efficient tool for long-term storage of vegetatively propagated plants. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sucrose concentration, hardening temperature and different cryopreservation methods on the survival rate of potato shoot tips after cryopreservation. Excised shoot tips of in vitro plantlets of potato cultivars, Atlantic and Superior were cryopreserved by vitrification, encapsulationvitrification and encapsulation-dehydration. Cryopreservation by vitrification method was used to determine the optimum concentration of sucrose and cold hardening temperature during sub-culturing period to the donor plantlets. Nine-percent sucrose gave 46.7% survival in Atlantic and 40% in Superior. The most optimum hardening temperature for 50% survival in Atlantic and 43.3% in Superior was 10°C. In the case of comparative study of three different cryopreservation methods, the highest survival (52%) as well as regeneration (46%) were observed when the shoot tips were cryopreserved by encapsulation-vitrification method, and the lowest survival (36%) and regeneration (28%) from the vitrification. Plant and tuber morphology of potato regenerated after cryopreservation were similar to those of the non-cryopreserved in vitro plantlets (control). Thus, this study demonstrated that encapsulation-vitrification method was the most effective one among other methods for higher survival as well as regeneration in in vitro shoot tips of potato.Key words: Cryopreservation; Dehydration; Encapsulation; Potato; Regeneration; VitrificationDOI: 10.3126/njst.v10i0.2804Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Volume 10, 2009 December Page: 15-20

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of cherry rootstock Gisela 5 using vitrification procedure

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dj. Ružić ◽  
T. Vujović ◽  
R. Cerović
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Prunus Cerasus ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Gisela 5

In vitro-grown shoot tips of Gisela 5 (Prunus cerasus × Prunus canescens) cherry rootstock were tested for regrowth after cryopreservation using vitrification technique. Explants were precultured in the dark at 23°C, in a liquid MS medium with a progressively increasing sucrose concentration (0.3 M for 15 h, then 0.7 M for 5 h), and subsequently loaded in a solution containing 2 M glycerol and 0.4 M sucrose for 20 minutes. Shoot tips were dehydrated at 0°C using either the original PVS2 or modified PVS2 solution (PVS A3 – 22.5% sucrose, 37.5% glycerol, 15% ethylene glycol and 15% DMSO) for 30, 40 and 50 minutes. The survival and regrowth of the cryopreserved shoot tips dehydrated with the original PVS2 solution ranged between 36–54% and 8–17%, respectively. However, the dehydration with the PVS A3 solution resulted in considerably higher survival rates (81–92%), as well as higher regrowth rates (39–56%) after cryopreservation. These results prove the feasibility of the PVS A3-based vitrification technique for a long-term storage of this genotype.  

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