scholarly journals A hypervariable mitochondrial protein coding sequence associated with geographical origin in a cosmopolitan bloom-forming alga, Heterosigma akashiwo

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 20160976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiko Higashi ◽  
Satoshi Nagai ◽  
Sergio Seone ◽  
Shoko Ueki
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Hypothetical Protein ◽  
Heterosigma Akashiwo ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
Phylogeographic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Reliable Marker

Geographical distributions of phytoplankton species can be defined by events on both evolutionary time and shorter scales, e.g. recent climate changes. Additionally, modern industrial activity, including the transport of live fish and spat for aquaculture and aquatic microorganisms in ship ballast water, may aid the spread of phytoplankton. Obtaining a reliable marker is key to gaining insight into the phylogeographic history of a species. Here, we report a hypervariable mitochondrial gene in the cosmopolitan bloom-forming alga, Heterosigma akashiwo . We compared the entire mitochondrial genome sequences of seven H. akashiwo strains from Japanese and North American coastal waters and identified a hypervariable segment. The region codes for a hypothetical protein with no defined function, and its variations between Japanese and North American isolates were prominent, while the sequences were more conserved among Japanese strains and North American isolates. Comparison of the sequence in isolates obtained from different geographical points in the Northern Hemisphere revealed that the sequence variations largely correlated with latitude and longitude (i.e. Pacific/Atlantic oceans). Our results demonstrate the usefulness of the sequence in determining the phylogeographic history of H. akashiwo .

scholarly journals Mitogenome Analysis of Four Lamiinae Species (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Gene Expression Responses by Monochamus alternatus When Infected with the Parasitic Nematode, Bursaphelenchus mucronatus

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Zi-Yi Zhang ◽  
Jia-Yin Guan ◽  
Yu-Rou Cao ◽  
Xin-Yi Dai ◽  
Kenneth B. Storey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Pine Wilt Disease ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Nd5 Gene

We determined the mitochondrial gene sequence of Monochamus alternatus and three other mitogenomes of Lamiinae (Insect: Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) belonging to three genera (Aulaconotus, Apriona and Paraglenea) to enrich the mitochondrial genome database of Lamiinae and further explore the phylogenetic relationships within the subfamily. Phylogenetic trees of the Lamiinae were built using the Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods and the monophyly of Monochamus, Anoplophora, and Batocera genera was supported. Anoplophora chinensis, An. glabripennis and Aristobia reticulator were closely related, suggesting they may also be potential vectors for the transmission of the pine wood pathogenic nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in addition to M. alternatus, a well-known vector of pine wilt disease. There is a special symbiotic relationship between M. alternatus and Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. As the native sympatric sibling species of B. xylophilus, B. mucronatus also has a specific relationship that is often overlooked. The analysis of mitochondrial gene expression aimed to explore the effect of B. mucronatus on the energy metabolism of the respiratory chain of M. alternatus adults. Using RT-qPCR, we determined and analyzed the expression of eight mitochondrial protein-coding genes (COI, COII, COIII, ND1, ND4, ND5, ATP6, and Cty b) between M. alternatus infected by B. mucronatus and M. alternatus without the nematode. Expression of all the eight mitochondrial genes were up-regulated, particularly the ND4 and ND5 gene, which were up-regulated by 4–5-fold (p < 0.01). Since longicorn beetles have immune responses to nematodes, we believe that their relationship should not be viewed as symbiotic, but classed as parasitic.

scholarly journals Preliminary assessment of adaptive evolution of mitochondrial protein coding genes in darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leos G. Kral ◽  
Sara Watson
Keyword(s):  
Positive Selection ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Mitochondrial DNA of vertebrates contains genes for 13 proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Some of these genes have been shown to undergo adaptive evolution in a variety of species. This study examines all mitochondrial protein coding genes in 11 darter species to determine if any of these genes show evidence of positive selection. Methods: The mitogenome from four darter was sequenced and annotated. Mitogenome sequences for another seven species were obtained from GenBank. Alignments of each of the protein coding genes were subject to codon-based identification of positive selection by Selecton, MEME and FEL. Results: Evidence of positive selection was obtained for six of the genes by at least one of the methods. CYTB was identified as having evolved under positive selection by all three methods at the same codon location. Conclusions: Given the evidence for positive selection of mitochondrial protein coding genes in darters, a more extensive analysis of mitochondrial gene evolution in all the extant darter species is warranted.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogeny of Culex subgenus Melanoconion (Diptera: Culicidae) based on nuclear and mitochondrial protein-coding genes

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 171900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Torres-Gutierrez ◽  
Tatiane M. P. de Oliveira ◽  
Kevin J. Emerson ◽  
Eduardo Sterlino Bergo ◽  
Maria Anice Mureb Sallum
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Nuclear Genes ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Protein Coding

The subgenus Melanoconion of the mosquito genus Culex is taxonomically diverse and is widely distributed in the Neotropical Region, with 10 species occurring in the Nearctic Region. Species of this subgenus pose a taxonomical challenge because morphological identification is based largely on anatomical characters of the male genitalia. We addressed the monophyly of the Spissipes and Melanoconion Sections of the subgenus Melanoconion and some of the informal groups in each section. Our sample taxa included 97 specimens representing 43 species, from which we analysed fragments of two single-copy nuclear genes ( CAD , HB ) and one mitochondrial gene ( COI ). Phylogenetic relationships within the subgenus are presented based on results of maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses using a multi-locus matrix of DNA sequences. We show a molecular phylogeny of Melanoconion in which both sections were recovered as monophyletic groups. The monophyly of the Atratus and Pilosus groups was confirmed. Within each section, other monophyletic groups were recovered highlighting the potential need for future nomenclature rearrangement. The phylogenetic signal contained in nuclear genes, when analysed together, was more informative than each gene analysed separately, corroborating monophyly of Melanoconion relative to Culex ( Culex ) species included in the analyses, the Melanoconion and Spissipes Sections and some species groups. Our results provide new information for the classification of the subgenus and additional data that can be used to improve species identification when a more representative taxon sampling is available.

Gulf Coast vicariance shapes phylogeographic history of a North American freshwater mussel species complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1138-1152
Author(s):  
Sean M. Keogh ◽  
Nathan A. Johnson ◽  
James D. Williams ◽  
Charles R. Randklev ◽  
Andrew M. Simons
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Freshwater Mussel ◽  
Mussel Species ◽  
North American Freshwater ◽  
Phylogeographic History ◽  
History Of

Dissecting the major African snake radiation: a molecular phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1945 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLAS VIDAL ◽  
WILLIAM R. BRANCH ◽  
OLIVIER S. G. PAUWELS ◽  
S. BLAIR HEDGES ◽  
DONALD G. BROADLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Mitochondrial Rrna ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
History Of

The Elapoidea includes the Elapidae and a large (~60 genera, 280 sp.) and mostly African (including Madagascar) radiation termed Lamprophiidae by Vidal et al. (2007), that includes at least four major groups: the psammophiines, atractaspidines, lamprophiines and pseudoxyrhophiines. In this work, we reviewed the recent taxonomic history of the lamprophiids, and built a data set including two nuclear protein-coding genes (c-mos and RAG2), two mitochondrial rRNA genes (12S and 16S rRNA) and two mitochondrial protein-coding genes (cytochrome b and ND4) for 85 species belonging to 45 genera (thus representing about 75% of the generic diversity and 30% of the specific diversity of the radiation), in order to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of this large and neglected group at the subfamilial and generic levels. To this aim, 480 new sequences were produced. The vast majority of the investigated genera fall into four main monophyletic clusters, that correspond to the four subfamilies mentioned above, although the content of atractaspidines, lamprophiines and pseudoxyrhophiines is revised. We confirm the polyphyly of the genus Stenophis, and the relegation of the genus name Dromophis to the synonymy of the genus name Psammophis. Gonionotophis brussauxi is nested within Mehelya. The genus Lamprophis Fitzinger, 1843 is paraphyletic with respect to Lycodonomorphus Fitzinger, 1843. Lamprophis swazicus is the sister-group to Hormonotus modestus, and may warrant generic recognition. Molecular data do not support the traditional placement of Micrelaps within the Atractaspidinae, but its phylogenetic position, along with that of Oxyrhabdium (previously considered to belong to the Xenodermatidae), requires additional molecular data and they are both treated as Elapoidea incertae sedis. The interrelationships of Psammophiinae, Atractaspidinae, Lamprophiinae, Pseudoxyrhophiinae, Prosymna (13 sp.), Pseudaspis (1 sp.) and Pythonodipsas (1 sp.), Buhoma (2 species), and Psammodynastes (1 sp.) remain unresolved. Finally, the genus Lycognathophis, endemic to the Seychelles, does not belong to the African radiation, but to the Natricidae.

scholarly journals Preliminary assessment of adaptive evolution of mitochondrial protein coding genes in darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Leos G. Kral ◽  
Sara Watson
Keyword(s):  
Positive Selection ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Mitochondrial DNA of vertebrates contains genes for 13 proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Some of these genes have been shown to undergo adaptive evolution in a variety of species. This study examines all mitochondrial protein coding genes in 11 darter species to determine if any of these genes show evidence of positive selection. Methods: The mitogenome from four darter was sequenced and annotated. Mitogenome sequences for another seven species were obtained from GenBank. Alignments of each of the protein coding genes were subject to codon-based identification of positive selection by Selecton, MEME and FEL. Results: Evidence of positive selection was obtained for six of the genes by at least one of the methods. CYTB was identified as having evolved under positive selection by all three methods at the same codon location. Conclusions: Given the evidence for positive selection of mitochondrial protein coding genes in darters, a more extensive analysis of mitochondrial gene evolution in all the extant darter species is warranted.

North American Association for the Study of Religion (NAASR)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Matt Sheedy
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
American Association ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of

I interviewed Russell McCutcheon back in March 2015, about his new role as president of the North American Association for the Study of Religion (NAASR), asking him about the history of the organization, goals for his tenure, and developments for NAASR’s upcoming conference in Atlanta in November 2015.

Polyphyletic Origins of Schizothoracinae Fishes (Cyprinidae) in Respect to Their Mitochondrial Protein-Coding Genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saira Bibi ◽  
Muhammad Fiaz Khan ◽  
Aqsa Rehman ◽  
Faisal Nouroz
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes

Indian Boarding School Gothic in Older than America and The Only Good Indian

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-27
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Kella
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Indian Boarding School ◽  
Visual Sovereignty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indian Boarding Schools

This article examines the appropriation and redirection of the Gothic in two contemporary, Native-centered feature films that concern a history that can be said to haunt many Native North American communities today: the history of Indian boarding schools. Georgina Lightning’s Older than America (2008) and Kevin Willmott’s The Only Good Indian (2009) make use of Gothic conventions and the figures of the ghost and the vampire to visually relate the history and horrors of Indian boarding schools. Each of these Native-centered films displays a cinematic desire to decenter Eurocentric histories and to counter mainstream American genres with histories and forms of importance to Native North American peoples. Willmott’s film critiques mythologies of the West and frontier heroism, and Lightning attempts to sensitize non-Native viewers to contemporary Native North American concerns while also asserting visual sovereignty and affirming spiritual values.

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