scholarly journals New application of strontium isotopes reveals evidence of limited migratory behaviour in Late Cretaceous hadrosaurs

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 20190930 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Terrill ◽  
Charles M. Henderson ◽  
Jason S. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
South Saskatchewan River ◽  
Migratory Pattern ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
Provincial Park

Dinosaur migration patterns are very difficult to determine, often relying solely on the geographical distribution of fossils. Unfortunately, it is generally not possible to determine if a fossil taxon's geographical distribution is the result of migration or simply a wide distribution. Whereas some attempts have been made to use isotopic systems to determine migratory patterns in dinosaurs, these methods have yet to achieve wider usage in the study of dinosaur ecology. Here, we have used strontium isotope ratios from fossil enamel to reconstruct the movements of an individual hadrosaur from Dinosaur Provincial Park in Alberta, Canada. Results from this study are consistent with a range or migratory pattern between Dinosaur Provincial Park and a contemporaneous locality in the South Saskatchewan River area, Alberta, Canada. This represents a minimum distance of approximately 80 km, which is consistent with migrations seen in modern elephants. These results suggest the continent-wide distribution of some hadrosaur species in the Late Cretaceous of North America is not the result of extremely long-range migratory behaviours.

Ecology and biogeography in the introduction to “De bestiis marinis” by Georg Wilhelm Steller

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Stefano Mattioli
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Restricted Range ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Modern Biology

The rediscovery of the original, unedited Latin manuscript of Georg Wilhelm Steller's “De bestiis marinis” (“On marine mammals”), first published in 1751, calls for a new translation into English. The main part of the treatise contains detailed descriptions of four marine mammals, but the introduction is devoted to more general issues, including innovative speculation on morphology, ecology and biogeography, anticipating arguments and concepts of modern biology. Steller noted early that climate and food have a direct influence on body size, pelage and functional traits of mammals, potentially affecting reversible changes (phenotypic plasticity). Feeding and other behavioural habits have an impact on the geographical distribution of mammals. Species with a broad diet tend to have a wide distribution, whereas animals with a narrow diet more likely have only a restricted range. According to Steller, both sea and land then still concealed countless animals unknown to science.

Nannizzia incurvata. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Infected Skin

Abstract A description is provided for Nannizzia incurvata. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Recorded only from man and dog (but see NOTES). Guinea-pigs have been experimentally infected. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). Nannizzia incurvata is present in soil and apparently only rarely a cause of disease. In man the scalp (tinea capitis) and glabrous skin (tinea corporis) may be infected. Skin lesions are inflammatory but details of known scalp infections are not available. In experimental inoculations of guineapigs (Rdzanek, pers. comm.) N. incurvata was intermediate between N. gypsea and N. fulva in virulence, the reaction varying from negative to strongly inflammatory. Ectothrix hyphae breaking up into large arthrospores were seen on some hairs, and infected hairs did not fluoresce under Wood's light. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (India), Europe (Czechoslovakia, Great Britain and Ireland, Germany, Netherlands, Poland); U.S.A. (Tenn.); N. incurvata is probably of world-wide distribution in the soil.

Trophic biology and migratory patterns of sympatric Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma) and Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Dennert ◽  
S.L. May-McNally ◽  
M.H. Bond ◽  
T.P. Quinn ◽  
E.B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Trophic Ecology ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Dolly Varden ◽  
Salvelinus Malma ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Dolly Varden Salvelinus Malma ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
Similar Body

The trophic ecology (diet and head morphology) and migration patterns of two closely related salmonid fishes, Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus (L., 1758)) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma (Walbaum, 1792)), were examined in tributaries of Lake Aleknagik, southwestern Alaska, to test for differentiation between species. Schoener’s index of proportional overlap and multivariate analyses of diets suggested that these species had significantly different trophic niches. Arctic char and the largest individuals of both species had the most diverse diets, and sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792)) eggs dominated the diet of both species, especially Arctic char. Arctic char had larger jaws and wider heads than Dolly Varden of similar body length, which may contribute to interspecific diet difference. The species also differed in migration patterns; otolith microchemistry indicated that juvenile Arctic char were produced by nonanadromous mothers, whereas the mothers of the Dolly Varden had been to sea in the season prior to spawning. The species also segregate in spawning habitat (Arctic char in the lakes and Dolly Varden in streams), as well as in juvenile rearing habitat. Our study provides the first evidence of divergent feeding and migratory ecology between sympatric juvenile Arctic char and Dolly Varden, differences that may constrain hybridization and introgression between them.

Migration patterns and seasonal forest use by birds in the Brazilian Pantanal

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO BATISTA DE PINHO ◽  
MÔNICA ARAGONA ◽  
KARLO YOSHIHIRO PIOTO HAKAMADA ◽  
MIGUEL ÂNGELO MARINI
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Occupancy Models ◽  
Neotropical Forests ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
Landscape Units

SummaryThe use of forest habitats and migratory patterns are still unclear for tropical birds. Some are described herein for the Pantanal wetlands of Brazil. Thus, our aim was to describe different patterns of forest habitat use by birds and classify the birds’ migration patterns for the northern Pantanal region, Brazil. From September 1999 to December 2003, we sampled four forest types, during which we collected standardised data with mist-net captures and point counts, with additional ad lib. observations. We recorded 214 bird species: 113 (52.8%) were total habitat generalists; 41 (19.2%) were forest generalists; 19 (8.9%) were flooded habitat specialists; and 28 (13.1%) were not classified due to the low number of records; three other categories of habitat use divide the remaining 6% of records. About half of the species showed some migratory behaviour, these were classified by us according to the season they spent in the area: 121 species (56.5%) as residents, 28 (13.1%) as run-off and dry migrants, 11 (5.1%) as run-off (winter) migrants, eight (3.7%) as dry (breeding) migrants, eight (3.7%) as dry and flooding (summer) migrants, eight (3.7%) as flooding migrants, three (1.4%) as flooding and run-off migrants, and 27 (12.6%) as uncommon. We constructed community occupancy models with six of the eight patterns of migration described; flooding migrants and run-off migrants were not modelled since the few species recorded also had very few detections. As expected, the model confirmed that species from all six tested migration patterns arrive and depart from the Pantanal across the seasons. Contrary to most Neotropical forests, there was a high percentage (43.5%) of non-resident species. The results show the need of investing heavily in preserving different landscape units within the Pantanal, but also in the surrounding Cerrado region, in order to conserve resident and short distance intra-tropical migrants.

Red Deer River shakedown: a history of the Captain Marshall field paleontological expedition to Alberta, 1922, and its aftermath

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Brinkman
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Vertebrate Paleontology ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fossil Vertebrate ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Provincial Park

A Field Museum expedition to collect Late Cretaceous dinosaurs operated for three and a half months in the summer of 1922 in the Red Deer River badlands (Oldman and Dinosaur Park formations, Belly River Group) in an area now known as Dinosaur Provincial Park in southern Alberta, Canada. Associate Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology Elmer S. Riggs led the expedition. He was ably assisted by veteran collectors George F. Sternberg and John B. Abbott. A trio of novice collectors, Anthony Dombrosky, George Bedford and C. Harold Riggs, Elmer's youngest son, rounded out the party. The expedition was a success, netting several quality specimens of duckbilled dinosaurs; one small, partial theropod skeleton; an unidentified duckbilled dinosaur skull; four turtles; other miscellaneous fossil vertebrate remains; numerous fossil plants and invertebrates; and a large fossil log. In 1956, one of these specimens—a nearly complete lambeosaurine hadrosaur reconstructed as Lambeosaurus—debuted as the less fortunate partner of Gorgosaurus in the museum's iconic ‘Dinosaurs, Predator and Prey’ exhibit in Stanley Field Hall. Both of these specimens are still on display in a permanent exhibit called ‘Evolving Planet’. Another notable specimen prepared in 1999-2000 after nearly eighty years in an unopened field jacket has been identified as a juvenile Gorgosaurus. This specimen—nicknamed ‘Elmer’—was recently touring the globe as part of the ‘Dinosaurs: Ancient Fossils, New Discoveries’ exhibit. More importantly, the expedition was an invaluable shakedown experience for the fossil hunting crew and their new equipment in the months before they left on an ambitious, multi-year fossil mammal collecting expedition to Argentina and Bolivia. An oft-repeated myth holds that Riggs viewed the Alberta expedition as a failure and departed the field the moment he obtained permission to go to South America. This paper shows that myth to be unfounded.

Determinants of American Migration: Methods and Models in Mobility Research

1975 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Geographic Mobility ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
American Migration

While the question of geographic mobility has long been a mainstay of American historical writing and American myth-making – as evidenced by Turner and his disciples and the general obsession widi the frontier – until recently most historians have done little systematic investigation into it. Nor, indeed, have they been aware either of the enormous degree of movement within the country, or of the complex issues involved in determining why people have moved as they have. However, with the rise of what generally is termed the ‘ new urban ’ or ‘ new social ’ history, historians have begun to view migration as a question central to their analysis. Social scientists recognized the importance of migratory behaviour for many years and have employed sophisticated analytical techniques in their efforts to explain migration patterns, but recently historians approached the problem from another direction.

scholarly journals Sea anemones (Cnidaria, Actiniaria) of Singapore: redescription and taxonomy of Phymanthus pinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 840 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wei Liang Yap ◽  
Ria Tan ◽  
Clara Lei Xin Yong ◽  
Koh Siang Tan ◽  
Danwei Huang
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Oral Disc ◽  
Coral Rubble ◽  
Tropical Ecosystems ◽  
First Time

Despite the ubiquity of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) in tropical ecosystems, our understanding of their biodiversity and taxonomy is limited. Here we re-establish the identity of an intertidal zooxanthellate species, Phymanthuspinnulatus Martens in Klunzinger, 1877. Originally described from a single preserved specimen in the Berlin Museum by CB Klunzinger, his brief footnote lacked crucial details to positively identify the species. Our redescription is based on more than 50 living individuals of P.pinnulatus collected from its type locality, Singapore. These were examined and compared with type materials of the species and its congeners. Specimens of P.pinnulatus differ from syntypes of species described as Phymanthuslevis Kwietniewski, 1898 from Indonesia, as well as Phymanthussansibaricus Carlgren, 1900 and Phymanthusstrandesi Carlgren, 1900, both described from East Africa. Phymanthuspinnulatus was encountered on the lower intertidal, among coral rubble and between rocky crevices. It is vibrantly coloured and has 96 marginal tentacles with branching outgrowths along each, resulting in a ‘frilly’ appearance. The anemone has a flat expanded oral disc, with discal tentacles that are inconspicuous and reduced, unlike syntypes of its congeners. Details of its live appearance, musculature, and cnidom are also provided for the first time. Overall, types of cnidae and capsule sizes differ from other known species of Phymanthus documented elsewhere. It is inferred that P.pinnulatus has a wide distribution that extends eastwards from Singapore, as far as Ambon and the Torres Straits. Some individuals reported as Phymanthusmuscosus Haddon and Shackleton, 1893 and Phymanthusbuitendijki Pax, 1924 are probably P.pinnulatus. This morphological analysis provides new insights into the characters used to delimit P.pinnulatus, clarifies its geographical distribution, and contributes to an ongoing revision of the genus Phymanthus.

scholarly journals Associative Conditioning Is a Robust Systemic Behavior in Unicellular Organisms: An Interspecies Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Carrasco-Pujante ◽  
Carlos Bringas ◽  
Iker Malaina ◽  
Maria Fedetz ◽  
Luis Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Amoeba Proteus ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Specific Stimulus ◽  
Associative Conditioning ◽  
Unicellular Organisms ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Migratory Patterns

The capacity to learn new efficient systemic behavior is a fundamental issue of contemporary biology. We have recently observed, in a preliminary analysis, the emergence of conditioned behavior in some individual amoebae cells. In these experiments, cells were able to acquire new migratory patterns and remember them for long periods of their cellular cycle, forgetting them later on. Here, following a similar conceptual framework of Pavlov’s experiments, we have exhaustively studied the migration trajectories of more than 2000 individual cells belonging to three different species: Amoeba proteus, Metamoeba leningradensis, and Amoeba borokensis. Fundamentally, we have analyzed several relevant properties of conditioned cells, such as the intensity of the responses, the directionality persistence, the total distance traveled, the directionality ratio, the average speed, and the persistence times. We have observed that cells belonging to these three species can modify the systemic response to a specific stimulus by associative conditioning. Our main analysis shows that such new behavior is very robust and presents a similar structure of migration patterns in the three species, which was characterized by the presence of conditioning for long periods, remarkable straightness in their trajectories and strong directional persistence. Our experimental and quantitative results, compared with other studies on complex cellular responses in bacteria, protozoa, fungus-like organisms and metazoans that we discus here, allow us to conclude that cellular associative conditioning might be a widespread characteristic of unicellular organisms. This new systemic behavior could be essential to understand some key principles involved in increasing the cellular adaptive fitness to microenvironments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document