scholarly journals Sir James Baddiley. 15 May 1918 — 19 November 2008

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 3-23
Author(s):  
J. Grant Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Organic Chemist ◽  
And Function

James Baddiley was a biochemist who used the methods and insight of the organic chemist to answer important questions in biology, notably coenzyme structure and the structure and function of bacterial cell walls. A graduate of Manchester University, he moved to Cambridge in 1944 with A. R. Todd, where he synthesized adenosine triphosphate, the nucleotide concerned with essential energy transformations in all forms of life. As an independent researcher at the Lister Institute in London he elucidated the structure of coenzyme A and other coenzymes. He was appointed Professor of Organic Chemistry in Newcastle, where the exploration of the structures of two cytidine nucleotides led to the discovery of the teichoic acids, major components of the cell walls and membranes of Gram-positive bacteria. These discoveries were extended to cover the structures, biosynthesis, function and immunology of the teichoic acids. Baddiley became Professor of Chemical Microbiology in 1977. Moving to Cambridge after his retirement, he was able to continue his researches in the Department of Biochemistry. He was elected a Fellow of Pembroke College and as an elder statesman undertook extensive committee work, often as chairman, both in Cambridge University and nationally. He was knighted in 1977.

scholarly journals The action of dilute aqueous NN-dimethylhydrazine on bacterial cell walls

1969 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Anderson ◽  
A. R. Archibald ◽  
J Baddiley ◽  
M. J. Curtis ◽  
N. Barbara Davey
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Teichoic Acids ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Almost All

1. Walls of certain Gram-positive bacteria dissolved on incubation with dilute aqueous NN-dimethylhydrazine in the presence of air, by a reaction that probably involves free radicals. 2. Under the conditions described, the soluble products from the peptidoglycan were almost all non-diffusible. After brief incubation of walls of some organisms with reagent, part of the peptidoglycan component was obtained as a high-molecular-weight gel, the viscosity of which was rapidly decreased by incubation with lysozyme. 3. The extent to which peptidoglycan dissolved varied with different organisms, depending possibly on the extent of cross-linking, but the nature of the bonds that were destroyed has not been established. 4. Teichoic acids and polysaccharides were solubilized by this treatment and could be isolated in high overall yield. 5. The procedure is valuable in the examination of the distribution of heteropolymers in walls, and has been used to show that the polysaccharide present in walls of Lactobacillus arabinosus 17–5 is phosphorylated and may account for 20% of the total phosphate of the wall.

scholarly journals Why school-related content knowledge for pre-service chemistry teachers should include basic concepts in organic chemistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanda Hermanns ◽  
Nico Ermler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Chemistry Teacher ◽  
Chemistry Teachers ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Function

Abstract In this paper we describe and evaluate a study on the use of concepts in organic chemistry while solving tasks that are designed after the concept of school-related content knowledge (SRCK). The study was designed as a mixed methods study and conducted at a German university for the content of “organic chemistry”. As the results of this study show, the students rate the tasks and the use of anchoring concepts as for example “bonds” or “structure and function” as relevant for their future profession as a chemistry teacher. They therefore propose that concepts should be an integral part of their university studies as they find it lacking at the moment. Concepts can also be seen as an opportunity to build a bridge between school knowledge and university knowledge.

Bacterial ß-Barrel Outer Membrane Proteins

2009 ◽  
pp. 182-207
Author(s):  
Pantelis G. Bagos ◽  
Stavros J. Hamodrakas
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Proteins ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Bacterial Outer Membrane ◽  
And Function

ß-barrel outer membrane proteins constitute the second and less well-studied class of transmembrane proteins. They are present exclusively in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and presumably in the outer membrane of mitochondria and chloroplasts. During the last few years, remarkable advances have been made towards an understanding of their functional and structural features. It is now wellknown that ß-barrels are performing a large variety of biologically important functions for the bacterial cell. Such functions include acting as specific or non-specific channels, receptors for various compounds, enzymes, translocation channels, structural proteins, and adhesion proteins. All these functional roles are of great importance for the survival of the bacterial cell under various environmental conditions or for the pathogenic properties expressed by these organisms. This chapter reviews the currently available literature regarding the structure and function of bacterial outer membrane proteins. We emphasize the functional diversity expressed by a common structural motif such as the ß-barrel, and we provide evidence from the current literature for dozens of newly discovered families of transmembrane ß-barrels.

scholarly journals Structure and function of proteins of the phosphotransferase system and of 6-phospho-β-glycosidases in Gram-positive bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 149-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Hengstenberg ◽  
Detlef Kohlbrecher ◽  
Ellen Witt ◽  
Regina Kruse ◽  
Ingo Christiansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
And Function

Heterogeneity in the chemistry, structure and function of plant cell walls

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 724-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A Burton ◽  
Michael J Gidley ◽  
Geoffrey B Fincher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
And Function

Structure and function of wall appositions. 1. General histochemistry of papillae in barley coleoptiles attacked by Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 793-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Smart ◽  
James R. Aist ◽  
Herbert W. Israel
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Wall Appositions ◽  
And Function

Penetration pegs of Erysiphe graminis D.C. f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal are usually not impeded by normal papillae of barley coleoptiles, whereas oversize papillae are impenetrable to appressoria of the pathogen. We investigated the chemical composition of these papillae and the cell walls by classical histochemistry, in part to extend the fragmented knowledge of these structures and in part to find out if there are differences between normal and oversize papillae which would account for their different efficacies in resisting penetration. These papillae were indistinguishable from one another histochemically and contained protein, carbohydrate other than pectin, and a phenolic which was not lignin. We report also a definitive proof of callose in papillae. They do not contain cutin or suberin. The cell wall did not contain callose or cutin–suberin but did contain protein, pectin, and a phenolic (also not lignin). The results imply that different linkages between molecules in oversize papillae, or some other differences not revealed in this study, are responsible for their ability to prevent fungal penetration.

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