scholarly journals Effect of data quality on estimates of farm infectiousness trends in the UK 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (13) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Savill ◽  
Darren J Shaw ◽  
Rob Deardon ◽  
Michael J Tildesley ◽  
Matthew J Keeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Inaccurate Data ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Parameter Values

Most of the mathematical models that were developed to study the UK 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic assumed that the infectiousness of infected premises was constant over their infectious periods. However, there is some controversy over whether this assumption is appropriate. Uncertainty about which farm infected which in 2001 means that the only method to determine if there were trends in farm infectiousness is the fitting of mechanistic mathematical models to the epidemic data. The parameter values that are estimated using this technique, however, may be influenced by missing and inaccurate data. In particular to the UK 2001 epidemic, this includes unreported infectives, inaccurate farm infection dates and unknown farm latent periods. Here, we show that such data degradation prevents successful determination of trends in farm infectiousness.

scholarly journals Determination of the Effect of Ecthyma Vaccine Virus on Immunity Against the Foot and Mouth Disease (Fmd) Vaccine in Sheep

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veli Gülyaz ◽  
Fahriye Saraç ◽  
Can Çokçalışkan ◽  
Esra Satır ◽  
Beyhan Sareyyüpoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals John Burns Brooksby. 25 December 1914 — 17 December 1998

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
R. F. Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Animal Virus ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Uk

John Brooksby was an outstanding veterinary virologist, who worked at the Animal Virus Diseases Research Institute, Pirbright, for 40 years, for 16 of which he was Director of the Institute. He will be remembered for his contributions to the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease, for his discovery of four new types, for the classification of subtypes and for fundamental studies of the virus. As Deputy Director and Director he was responsible for programmes on fundamental investigations of foot–and–mouth disease virus and other viruses exotic to the UK and for the application of the results both in the UK and worldwide. His advice on the distribution and the control of foot–and–mouth disease was sought by international organizations and by individual countries and was responsible for reducing the risk of spread of disease.

Ultracentrifugal studies of the infective and complement-fixing components in the virus system of foot-and-mouth disease

1952 ◽  
Vol 140 (898) ◽  
pp. 107-127 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Sedimentation Constant ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Initial Infectivity ◽  
Virus System

The sedimentation constant of the infective particle in foot-and-mouth disease has been determined by modifications of the methods of Elford (1936) and Polsen (1941). A new high-speed, swinging-cup rotor was employed. A sedimentation constant of 70 Svedberg units was obtained for the infective particle in a variety of starting materials derived from guineapigs, mice and cattle. The validity of the data is discussed in relation to the accuracy with which a sedimentation constant may be determined by these methods. Ultracentrifugal studies employing inclined tubes have demonstrated that in fresh preparations the infective particle is associated with from 0 to 50% of the initial complement-fixing activity. The remaining complement-fixing activity is associated with a component of sedimentation constant 8 Svedberg units. This slower sedimenting component, if infective, contributes less than 0⋅01% of the initial infectivity. A direct and relatively precise method is described for the determination of the partition of a biological activity between two or more components of a virus system. By the use of radial and inclined tubes in non-optical procedures a correlation between these methods has been established. It is shown that the sedimentation constant of a biologically active component may be estimated by procedures based on sampling in inclined tubes. The G integral is introduced as an accurate and convenient parameter which greatly facilitates the calculation and presentation of the results of ultracentrifugal studies.

Biochemical identification of viruses causing the 1981 outbreaks of foot and mouth disease in the UK

Nature ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 293 (5832) ◽  
pp. 479-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Q. King ◽  
B. O. Underwood ◽  
D. McCahon ◽  
J. W. I. Newman ◽  
F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Biochemical Identification ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Determination of Cardiac Troponin I in the Blood and Heart of Calves with Foot-and-Mouth Disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Recai Tunca ◽  
Mahmut Sozmen ◽  
Hidayet Erdogan ◽  
Mehmet Citil ◽  
Erdogan Uzlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Cardiac Troponin I ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Parallels, differences and lessons: a comparison of the management of foot-and-mouth disease and COVID-19 using UK 2001/2020 as points of reference

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1938) ◽  
pp. 20200906
Author(s):  
Keith Sumption ◽  
Theodore J. D. Knight-Jones ◽  
Melissa McLaws ◽  
David J. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Rapid Emergence ◽  
Critical Resources

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an extremely infectious viral infection of cloven-hoofed animals which is highly challenging to control and can give rise to national animal health crises, especially if there is a lack of pre-existing immunity due to the emergence of new strains or following incursions into disease-free regions. The 2001 FMD epidemic in the UK was on a scale that initially overwhelmed the national veterinary services and was eventually controlled by livestock lockdown and slaughter on an unprecedented scale. In 2020, the rapid emergence of COVID-19 has led to a human pandemic unparalleled in living memory. The enormous logistics of multi-agency control efforts for COVID-19 are reminiscent of the 2001 FMD epidemic in the UK, as are the use of movement restrictions, not normally a feature of human disease control. The UK experience is internationally relevant as few countries have experienced national epidemic crises for both diseases. In this review, we reflect on the experiences and lessons learnt from UK and international responses to FMD and COVID-19 with respect to their management, including the challenge of preclinical viral transmission, threat awareness, early detection, different interpretations of scientific information, lockdown, biosecurity behaviour change, shortage of testing capacity and the choices for eradication versus living with infection. A major lesson is that the similarity of issues and critical resources needed to manage large-scale outbreaks demonstrates that there is benefit to a ‘One Health’ approach to preparedness, with potential for greater cooperation in planning and the consideration of shared critical resources.

scholarly journals foot and mouth disease in some areas of Nainawa province during may 2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-203
Author(s):  
Zaid Salah Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Special Test ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Immunological Test ◽  
Immune Assay

For the determination of FMD infection in Nainawa province Serumsamples were collected from 92 suspected cases (42sheep,50cattle)thiswas performed in September 2007 and included nine region(Talafar,Basheca, Al-shamal, Hamamalaleel ,Cokajlly ,Zamaar ,Al-Namrood,AL-Koosh and Hemedaat), these samples were send frozen to the labs ofstate Vet. Company in Al-Nahdaa , the special test FMD-3ABC bo Ovenzyme immune assay on sheep serums showed that 30.95% werepositive to the test and 19.05% were ambiguous while the test on bovineserums showed increase in both positive and ambiguous results(42%,26% respectively), 8 serums that showed the highest positive resultto the former test were submitted to the special immunological test FMDElisa Kit Liquid Phase Blocking Immunoassay for detection of antibodiesof foot and mouth disease virus test which revealed that all sores of thesamples were infected with O serotype FMD

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