scholarly journals Using digital photography to implement the McFarland method

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (73) ◽  
pp. 1892-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lahuerta Zamora ◽  
M. T. Pérez-Gracia
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Domain Software ◽  
Bacterial Concentrations

The McFarland method allows the concentration of bacterial cells in a liquid medium to be determined by either of two instrumental techniques: turbidimetry or nephelometry. The microbes act by absorbing and scattering incident light, so the absorbance (turbidimetry) or light intensity (nephelometry) measured is directly proportional to their concentration in the medium. In this work, we developed a new analytical imaging method for determining the concentration of bacterial cells in liquid media. Digital images of a series of McFarland standards are used to assign turbidity-based colour values with the aid of dedicated software. Such values are proportional to bacterial concentrations, which allow a calibration curve to be readily constructed. This paper assesses the calibration reproducibility of an intra-laboratory study and compares the turbidimetric and nephelometric results with those provided by the proposed method, which is relatively simple and affordable; in fact, it can be implemented with a digital camera and the public domain software I mage J.

scholarly journals All organic multiferroic magnetoelectric complexes with strong interfacial spin-dipole interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuying Yang ◽  
Zhiyan Chen ◽  
Xiangqian Lu ◽  
Xiaotao Hao ◽  
Wei Qin
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Magnetoelectric Coupling ◽  
Incident Light Intensity ◽  
Organic Ferromagnets ◽  
Magnetoelectric Coefficient

AbstractThe organic magnetoelectric complexes are beneficial for the development on flexible magnetoelectric devices in the future. In this work, we fabricated all organic multiferroic ferromagnetic/ferroelectric complexes to study magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature. Under the stimulus of external magnetic field, the localization of charge inside organic ferromagnets will be enhanced to affect spin–dipole interaction at organic multiferroic interfaces, where overall ferroelectric polarization is tuned to present an organic magnetoelectric coupling. Moreover, the magnetoelectric coupling of the organic ferromagnetic/ferroelectric complex is tightly dependent on incident light intensity. Decreasing light intensity, the dominated interfacial interaction will switch from spin–dipole to dipole–dipole interaction, which leads to the magnetoelectric coefficient changing from positive to negative in organic multiferroic magnetoelectric complexes.

A renewable photocatalytic system with dramatic photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution and constant light energy utilization: Eosin Y sensitized ZnWO4 nanoplates loaded with CuO nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoluo Bao ◽  
Xiaokun Wang ◽  
Xiangqing Li ◽  
Lixia Qin ◽  
Taiyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Cuo Nanoparticles ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Eosin Y ◽  
H2 Evolution ◽  
Incident Light Intensity ◽  
Photocatalytic System

It is necessary for the commercialization of sunlight-driven H2 evolution to develop an efficient photocatalytic system whose energy utilization is independent on incident light intensity. Unfortunately, limited attention has been...

Part Monitoring and Quality Assessment of Conformal Additive Manufacturing Using Image Reconstruction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Kutzer ◽  
Levi D. DeVries ◽  
Cooper D. Blas
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Digital Cameras ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Complex Part ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have become almost universal in concept development, prototyping, and education. Advances in materials and methods continue to extend this technology to small batch and complex part manufacturing for the public and private sectors. Despite the growing popularity of digital cameras in AM systems, use of image data for part monitoring is largely unexplored. This paper presents a new method for estimating the 3D internal structure of fused deposition modeling (FDM) processes using image data from a single digital camera. Relative transformations are established using motion capture, and the 3D model is created using knowledge of the deposition path coupled with assumptions about the deposition cross-section. Results show that part geometry can be estimated and visualized using the methods presented in this work.

Using digital inpainting to estimate incident light intensity for the calculation of red blood cell oxygen saturation from microscopy images

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e201800103
Author(s):  
Richard J. Sové ◽  
Nicole E. Drakos ◽  
Graham M. Fraser ◽  
Christopher G. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Incident Light Intensity ◽  
Digital Inpainting ◽  
Microscopy Images

Effect of Long Time Annealing and Incident Light Intensity on the Performance of Polymer: Fullerene Solar Cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwajeong Kim ◽  
Minjung Shin ◽  
Jiho Park ◽  
Youngkyoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Incident Light Intensity ◽  
Long Time

Dynamic Aspects of Wetting Balance Tests

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Moon ◽  
W. J. Boettinger ◽  
M. E. Williams ◽  
D. Josell ◽  
B. T. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Software Package ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Silicone Oil ◽  
Surface Evolver ◽  
The Public ◽  
Meniscus Shape ◽  
Balance Tests ◽  
Glass Plates ◽  
Measured Force ◽  
Public Domain Software

The relationships between the force measured during wetting balance tests and the observed changes of contact angle and meniscus shape are studied. Experiments using silicone oil at 25, 50, and 100°C on glass plates as well as Pb-Sn eutectic solder on Au-coated glass plates are reported. Discrepancies between the measured force and height and those expected for a static meniscus are detailed. Equilibrium meniscus shapes are computed for wide plates using the elastica solution and for narrow plates using the public-domain software package, “Surface Evolver.” For room temperature experiments with oil, the measured force discrepancy disappears when the meniscus rise is complete. Thus, the force discrepancy may be due to shear stress exerted on the sample by fluid rising up the sample. For static menisci with heated liquids, force and meniscus height discrepancies do not disappear when the meniscus rise is complete. These discrepancies can be explained by Marangoni flow due to temperature gradients in the fluid for the oil experiments but not for the solder experiments.

scholarly journals Temperature and Light-Quality-Dependent Regulation of Freezing Tolerance in Barley

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ahres ◽  
Krisztián Gierczik ◽  
Ákos Boldizsár ◽  
Pavel Vítámvás ◽  
Gábor Galiba
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Target Gene ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Incident Light Intensity ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
R:Fr Ratio

It is established that, besides the cold, incident light also has a crucial role in the cold acclimation process. To elucidate the interaction between these two external hardening factors, barley plantlets were grown under different light conditions with low, normal, and high light intensities at 5 and 15 °C. The expression of the HvCBF14 gene and two well-characterized members of the C-repeat binding factor (CBF)-regulon HvCOR14b and HvDHN5 were studied. In general, the expression level of the studied genes was several fold higher at 5 °C than that at 15 °C independently of the applied light intensity or the spectra. The complementary far-red (FR) illumination induced the expression of HvCBF14 and also its target gene HvCOR14b at both temperatures. However, this supplementation did not affect significantly the expression of HvDHN5. To test the physiological effects of these changes in environmental conditions, freezing tests were also performed. In all the cases, we found that the reduced R:FR ratio increased the frost tolerance of barley at every incident light intensity. These results show that the combined effects of cold, light intensity, and the modification of the R:FR light ratio can greatly influence the gene expression pattern of the plants, which can result in increased plant frost tolerance.

A multitrap model for high-intensity reciprocity failure in the photographic grain

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 464-478
Author(s):  
William J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
Incident Light Intensity ◽  
Deterministic Process ◽  
Reciprocity Law ◽  
Reciprocity Failure

The response of the photographic grain to light is a non-deterministic process which is as yet not completely understood. This response, as measured by the photographic density, is usually taken to be a function of the product of incident light intensity and exposure time interval duration, but at extreme values of either of these two quantities, this is no longer true. This latter effect is called reciprocity-law failure. This paper discusses a probabilistic model, similar to a multiserver queue, for high-intensity reciprocity failure.

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