scholarly journals Probabilistic analytical modelling of predator–prey interactions in fishes

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (150) ◽  
pp. 20180873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Free ◽  
Matthew J. McHenry ◽  
Derek A. Paley
Keyword(s):  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Analytical Modelling ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Pomatomus Saltatrix ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
First Case ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Measured Probability ◽  
Pure Pursuit ◽  
Modelling Approach

Predation is a fundamental interaction between species, yet it is largely unclear what tactics are successful for the survival or capture of prey. One challenge in this area comes with how to test theoretical ideas about strategy with experimental measurements of features such as speed, flush distance and escape angles. Tactics may be articulated with an analytical model that predicts the motion of predator or prey as they interact. However, it may be difficult to recognize how the predictions of such models relate to behavioural measurements that are inherently variable. Here, we present an alternative approach for modelling predator–prey interactions that uses deterministic dynamics, yet incorporates experimental kinematic measurements of natural variation to predict the outcome of biological events. This technique, called probabilistic analytical modelling (PAM), is illustrated by the interactions between predator and prey fish in two case studies that draw on recent experiments. In the first case, we use PAM to model the tactics of predatory bluefish ( Pomatomus saltatrix ) as they prey upon smaller fish ( Fundulus heteroclitus ). We find that bluefish perform deviated pure pursuit with a variable pursuit angle that is suboptimal for the time to capture. In the second case, we model the escape tactics of zebrafish larvae ( Danio rerio ) when approached by adult predators of the same species. Our model successfully predicts the measured patterns of survivorship using measured probability density functions as parameters. As these results demonstrate, PAM is a data-driven modelling approach that can be predictive, offers analytical transparency, and does not require numerical simulations of system dynamics. Though predator–prey interactions demonstrate the use of this technique, PAM is not limited to studying biological systems and has broad utility that may be applied towards understanding a wide variety of natural and engineered dynamical systems where data-driven modelling is beneficial.

scholarly journals Use of Jacobians for inverse kinematics of articulated robots : a study on approximate solutions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Uriel Jacket Tresor Demby's
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Solution ◽  
Inverse Kinematics ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Approximate Methods ◽  
Inference System ◽  
First Case

In the context of articulated robotic manipulators, the Forward Kinematics (FK) is a highly non-linear function that maps joint configurations of the robot to poses of its endeffector. Furthermore, while in the most useful cases these functions are neither injective (one-to-one) nor surjective (onto), depending on the robot configuration -- i.e. the sequence of prismatic versus revolute joints, and the number of Degrees of Freedom (DoF) -- the associated Inverse Kinematics (IK) problem may be practically or even theoretically impossible to be solved analytically. Therefore, in the past decades, several approximate methods have been developed for many instances of IK problems. The approximate methods can be divided into two distinct categories: data-driven and numerical approaches. In the first case, data-driven approaches have been successfully used for small workspace domains (e.g., task-driven applications), but not fully explored for large ones, i.e. in task-independent applications where a more general IK is required. Similarly, and despite many successful implementations over the years, numerical solutions may fail if an improper matrix inverse is employed (e.g., Moore-Penrose generalized inverse). In this research, we propose a systematic, robust and accurate numerical solution for the IK problem using the Unit-Consistent (UC) and the Mixed (MX) Inverse methods to invert the Jacobians derived from the Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) representation of the FK for any robot. As we demonstrate, this approach is robust to whether the system is underdetermined (less than 6 DoF) or overdetermined (more than 6 DoF). We compare the proposed numerical solution to data driven solutions using different robots -- with DoF varying from 3 to 7. We conclude that numerical solutions are easier to implement, faster, and more accurate than most data-driven approaches in the literature, specially for large workspaces as in task-independent applications. We particularly compared the proposed numerical approach against two data-driven approaches: Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), while exploring various architectures of these Neural Networks (NN): i.e. number of inputs, number of outputs, depth, and number of nodes in the hidden layers.

Data-Driven Bi-Objective Genetic Algorithms EvoNN and BioGP and Their Applications in Metallurgical and Materials Domain

2016 ◽  
pp. 346-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirupam Chakraborti
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Noisy Data ◽  
Prey Type ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Neural Net ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Computational Materials ◽  
Data Driven Modeling

Data-driven modeling and optimization are now of utmost importance in computational materials research. This chapter presents the operational details of two recent algorithms EvoNN (Evolutionary Neural net) and BioGP (Bi-objective Genetic Programming) which are particularly suitable for modeling and optimization tasks pertinent to noisy data. In both the approaches a tradeoff between the accuracy and complexity of the candidate models are sought, ultimately leading to some optimum tradeoffs. These novel strategies are tailor-made for constructing models of right complexity, excluding the non-essential inputs. They are constructed to implement the notion of Pareto-optimality using a predator-prey type genetic algorithm, providing the user with a set of optimum models, out of which an appropriate one can be easily picked up by applying some external criteria, if necessary. Several materials related problems have been solved using these algorithms in recent times and a couple of typical examples are briefly presented in this chapter.

scholarly journals Endovascular Management of Right Subclavian Artery Pseudoaneurysm due to War Injury in Adolescent Patient

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onur Saydam ◽  
Deniz Şerefli ◽  
Mehmet Atay ◽  
Cengiz Sert
Keyword(s):  
Stent Graft ◽  
Subclavian Artery ◽  
Dual Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Vascular Injuries ◽  
Endovascular Management ◽  
Artery Pseudoaneurysm ◽  
Nitinol Stent ◽  
First Case ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Residual Lesions

Today there is a widespread use of endovascular treatment (EVT) for traumatic vascular injuries in adults, but there is lack of evidence of its use in adolescent patients with vascular injuries. With this case, we present successful EVT of 14-year-old adolescent with a right subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm (SAP) due to war injury. SAP was successfully excluded with deployment of 6×50 mm flexible, self-expanding covered nitinol stent graft (The GORE® VIABAHN® Endoprosthesis (W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ)). Patient was discharged from hospital 2 days after the procedure with dual antiplatelet therapy (clopidogrel and aspirin). 3 months after discharge control DUS showed patent stent graft without any residual lesions. As a result, EVT is an alternative approach to treatment of SAP. It is safe, effective, and less invasive therapy for SAP in adults as well as in adolescents. We aim to contribute to the literature with this first case report.

Data-driven flexible modelling approach for the personal exposure to particle number concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 5040
Author(s):  
Veronika Fensterer ◽  
Helmut Küchenhoff ◽  
Verena Maier ◽  
Mike Pitz ◽  
Josef Cyrys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Number ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Particle Number Concentration ◽  
Modelling Approach

Concurrent Placement of Bilateral Suboccipital and Supraorbital Nerve Stimulators Using On-Q* Tunneler: Technical Note

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Massie ◽  
Rushna Ali ◽  
Konstantin V Slavin ◽  
Jason M Schwalb
Keyword(s):  
Technical Note ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Unilateral Approach ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
First Case ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Cosmetic Effect ◽  
Purulent Drainage ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract BACKGROUND Stimulation of the occipital and supraorbital nerves is used to treat chronic migraine refractory to medical management. Placement of cranial leads is often challenging due to the rigid Touhy needle included in the kit for its placement. OBJECTIVE To report the first case of concurrent placement of bilateral supraorbital (SNS) and occipital nerve stimulators (ONS) from a unilateral approach using the On-Q* Tunneler, (Halyard Health, Alpharetta, Georgia) a flexible, blunt tipped plastic tunneler with a tear-away sheath. METHODS We present the case of a 49-yr-old female with debilitating daily holocephalic headaches who underwent placement of SNS and ONS through a cervical and left temporal incision at an outside hospital. She presented to our institution with purulent drainage from the temporal incision and the system was removed. We describe an alternative approach to bilateral SNS and ONS placement with a soft flexible tunneling device, which facilitated placement of the entire system through a right temporal incision, thereby avoiding her previously infected surgical sites. RESULTS The patient reported complete resolution of her daily headaches and was able to resume her activities as a full-time student. CONCLUSION The flexibility of the On-Q tunneler device (Halyard Health) allows the placement of bilateral SNS and ONS from a unilateral incision, thereby minimizing the cosmetic effect and infectious risk of this procedure.

The effects of the parasite Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard, 1879) (Isopoda, Bopyridae) on the behavior, transparent camouflage, and predators of Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis, 1949 (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (12-14) ◽  
pp. 1265-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigette A. Brinton ◽  
Mary Carla Curran
Keyword(s):  
Fundulus Heteroclitus ◽  
Grass Shrimp ◽  
Activity Budget ◽  
Palaemonetes Pugio ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Predator Preference

The bopyrid isopod Probopyrus pandalicola (Packard, 1879) is a large, noticeable, hematophagous ectoparasite of palaemonid shrimps, including the daggerblade grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio Holthuis, 1949. Bopyrids affect grass shrimp physiology and may also affect predator-prey dynamics. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the isopod affected the behavior and/or camouflage of grass shrimp, thereby altering the predation preferences of the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus, 1766). To determine whether the isopod affected predator preference through behavioral and/or camouflage alterations, paired combinations of unparasitized, parasitized, and marked shrimp were presented to mummichogs. One branchiostegite of some of the unparasitized shrimp was marked with black paint to mimic the bopyrid parasite. Mummichog predation preference and shrimp behavior immediately prior to predation events were recorded. All shrimp behavior was classified as motionless, walking, swimming, or backward thrusting. Immediately prior to predation, parasitized shrimp swam more () and backward thrusted less () than unparasitized shrimp. Mummichogs exhibited a preference for the more active shrimp (80.7% of shrimp; ), and also for the less camouflaged (parasitized or marked) shrimp (81.5% of shrimp; ) if there was no difference in shrimp behavior. Parasitized shrimp were preferentially consumed (51/85 shrimp) when paired with unparasitized shrimp (), but not with marked shrimp (). A 30-min activity budget was created for each type of shrimp both in the presence and absence of predators; neither the parasite nor marking affected their behavior over 30 min (). The major finding of this study was that P. pandalicola affected the predation preferences of F. heteroclitus by altering the behavior and/or camouflage of the grass shrimp. Parasitization alters predator-prey dynamics by decreasing the camouflage and the frequency of backward-thrusting behavior by the host when it is threatened by predation, which thereby decreases the ability of shrimp to escape from predators.

scholarly journals Investigation of factors contributing to accumulation of sediments in stormwater management ponds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Yasir Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Modelling Approach

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors contributing to sediment accumulation rates in Stormwater Management ponds. For the purpose of this study almost fifty municipalities in Ontario were contacted and in collaboration with five of those municipalities this study was conducted. A questionnaire was developed and sent to municipalities through email and followup with in-person meetings were conducted. After collecting data and analyzing various characteristics of sediment accumulation rates in SWM ponds, a database was developed to systematically record the relevant information. Additional information on pond properties and drainage areas was sought through a questionnaire and meeting with stormwater managers, and supplemented with historic information. Data collected and used in the study was anonymized in all resulting publications. The calculated accumulated rates from the provided data were compared against the values extracted from the literature review. The developed approach will serve in the development of data-driven modelling approach in SWM ponds.

scholarly journals Factors and mass ratio analyses for Reactive Blue 19 dye decolorization using ozone: an experimental and analytical modelling approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-438
Author(s):  
Mayara Sakamoto Lopes ◽  
Rodrigo Braga Moruzzi ◽  
Fabiano Tomazini Conceição ◽  
Mariana Scicia Gabriel Silva ◽  
Maria Lucia Pereira Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Analytical Modelling ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
Bulk Fluid ◽  
Reactive Blue 19 ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Power Law Equation ◽  
Modelling Approach

ABSTRACT Dyes highly reduce sunlight penetration into the stream, and consequently affect photosynthesis and oxygen transfer into water bodies. An experimental and analytical modelling approach to Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) removal using ozone was carried out. For this purpose, factors and mass ratio analyses were assessed based on batch assays experiments. Removal efficiency increased from 64 to 94% when the dosage increased from 38.4 to 153.6 mg O3.L-1. Results showed that RB19 is more efficiently removed when initial pH is 7. The rate of RB19 removal decreased as the initial dye concentration increased. Kinetic studies showed that the ozonation of RB19 was a pseudo first-order reaction with respect to the dye, and the apparent rate constant declined logarithmically with the initial dye concentration. Mass ratio studies showed that, for the empirical analysis, the power law equation was adequate to describe mass ratio over time and the analytical analysis suggests that the process is influenced by mass transfer in the liquid film as well as in the bulk fluid.

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