scholarly journals Robert William Frederick Harrison (1858-1945)

1946 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Languages ◽  
German Language ◽  
Small Country ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Church ◽  
Country Town

Robert William Frederick Harrison was born on 17 February 1858 at 11 St James’s Square, the house of the London Library of which his father, Robert Harrison, was librarian from 1857 to 1893. After the usual preparatory education he was sent to Westminster School in January 1871 where he remained until December 1873. There he made many friendships, some of which lasted the whole of his life and several of his school friends later rose to distinction in the Church and the Law. On leaving Westminster his father sent him to Germany to study foreign languages and he was placed under the care of an old pastor who received several English boys and who lived in a remote village in the valley of the Lahn, not far from the small country town of Wetzlar. Here he acquired a good command of the German language and, young as he was, an understanding of German character which stood him in good stead in after years when he had to deal with many foreigners.

scholarly journals Sir Thomas Muir, 1844 - 1934

1934 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Mathematical Ability ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Lord Kelvin ◽  
The University ◽  
The Church ◽  
Country Town

Thomas Muir was born on August 25, 1844, at Stonebyres, Falls of Clyde, in Lanarkshire. He was brought up at Biggar, a neighbouring small country town, where his father followed the trade of souter and is still remembered for taking part with Gladstone’s uncle in bringing about a notable schism in the Church. The boy was educated at Wishaw public school, whence he proceeded to the University of Glasgow, where he came under the influence of Kelvin, who quickly recognized his uncommon mathematical ability. Probably it was largely owing to this influence that Muir turned from what promised to be a brilliant classical career to mathematics, his favourite subject at school and college having been Greek. Seventy years later Muir remarked to a friend, “ I remember Lord Kelvin showing me the first gramophone ” ; and again, “ the great man I define as the man who does not alter, who always has control, who alters others.”

Law and Protestantism in Denmark

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 406-418
Author(s):  
Ditlev Tamm
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Concept Of Law ◽  
The Church ◽  
Concept Of Law ◽  
Catholic Bishops

Abstract This contribution deals with the influence of the Reformation on the law in Denmark. The Reformation was basically a reform of the church, but it also affected the concept of law and state in general. In 1536, King Christian III dismissed the catholic bishops and withheld the property of the church. The king, as custos duarum tabularum, guardian of both the tablets of law, also took over the legislation for the church. Especially in subjects of morals and criminal law new principles and statutes were enacted. Copenhagen University was reformed into a protestant seminary even though the former faculties were maintained. For that task Johannes Bugenhagen was summoned who also drafted the new church ordinance of 1537. In marriage law protestant principles were introduced. A marriage order was established in 1582.

University Education and English Ecclesiastical Lawyers 1400–1650

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Helmholz
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
University Education ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Negative Opinion ◽  
Ius Commune ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Church ◽  
Academic Study

Most recent historians have expressed a negative opinion of the quality of legal education at the English universities between 1400 and 1650. The academic study of law at Oxford and Cambridge, they have stated, was easy, antiquated and impractical. The curriculum had not changed from the form it assumed in the thirteenth century, and it did little to prepare students for their careers. This article challenges that opinion by examining the inner nature of the ius commune, the law that was applied in the courts of the church, and also by examining some of the works of practice compiled by English civilians during the period. Those works show that the negative opinion rests in part upon a misunderstanding of the nature of legal practice during earlier centuries. In fact, concentration on the texts of the Roman and canon laws, as old-fashioned as it seems to us, was well suited for the tasks advocates and judges would face once they left the academy. It also provided the stimulus needed for advance in the law of the church itself; their legal education made available to potential advocates and judges skills that would permit a sophisticated application of the ius commune, one better suited to their times. The article provides evidence of how this happened.1

A fourteenth-century Welsh Sarum antiphonal: National Library of Wales ms. 20541

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Owain Tudor Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
National Library ◽  
John Bale ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Church

Surprisingly few antiphonals were to survive “the King's order for bringing in popish rituals”, the Statute of 3 and 4 Edward VI, c. 10., following an Order in Council, 25 December 1549.[1] This was put into effect with great assiduity by the Church, under the auspices of its bishops, each bishop having been made personally responsible for seeing that the law was obeyed in his diocese. The destruction of books was deplored by some of the Protestants themselves, for instance by Bishop John Bale, who was a fierce enemy of the papacy,[2] but they were not permitted to do anything about it. The text of the statute acquires an ominous inevitability as every kind of liturgical book in turn is condemned to annihilation. Since divers unquiet and evilly-disposed people wanted to have their Latin services back (begins the statute), their “conjured bread” and water and suchlike vain and superstitious ceremonies, the king had decided to put an end to such expectations by instructing each bishop immediately to command every clergyman in his diocese to deliver to him or to a deputy “all antiphoners, missales, grayles, processionalles, manuelles, legendes, pies, portasies, jornalles, and ordinalles after the use of Sarum, Lincoln, Yorke, or any other private use, and all other bokes of service …” Bishops were explicitly instructed to “take the same bokes … and then so deface and abolyshe that they never after may serve eyther to anie soche use, as they were provided for …”

The Theory of Papal Monarchy in the Thirteenth Century: The Contribution of the Canonists

Traditio ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 179-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Church ◽  
Christian Society

The work of the medieval canonists has always formed a significant chapter in the histories of medieval political thought. The law of the Church and its attendant juristic science forms the proper source material for the examination of the system of ideas which lay behind the functioning of papal government. Ecclesiastical jurisprudence was the practical branch of sapientia Christiana. It was concerned with a constitution and the exercise of power within its terms; with an organization and the methods by which it was to be run. It had of necessity to be articulate about the nature of the papacy, the constitutional and organizational linchpin. In consequence the canonists were the acknowledged theorists of papal primacy. To them rather than to the theologians belonged that segment of ecclesiology which treated of the nature of the Church as a visible corporate society under a single ruler. In that period of nearly a century which lay between the accession of Alexander III and the death of Innocent IV, canonists were required to register the increasingly numerous and more diverse applications of papal rulership to the problems of Christian society. The concept of papal monarchy came to be reexamined in academic literature because of the accelerating tempo of papal action. Under the stimulus of an active papacy, the canonists were led to examine many of the assumptions on which the popes based their actions and claims. The world of affairs conditioned the evolution of a political-theory, which in turn helped to shape the course of events.

scholarly journals Europejskie portfolio językowe jako instrument samooceny prac pisemnych na poziomie zaawansowanym w nauce języka obcego

Neofilolog ◽  
1970 ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Krzemińska
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Languages ◽  
German Language ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Education College ◽  
Second Year ◽  
State Higher Education

The purpose of this article is to explore the role of the ELP in teaching language skills to students of foreign languages, in my professional situation – to German Language and Literature students. The article attempts to answer the following questions: To what extent do the ELP and the Council of Europe documents help students of foreign languages use self-evaluation? How do these documents support learner autonomy? Due to the growing interest in the ELP, I focused my attention on the use of self-evaluation skills by college students during their writing tasks. The article presents the results of a study on self-evaluation. It was carried out among first and second year students of German Language and Literature Studies at the State Higher Education College in Włocławek in the academic years 2005/2006 and 2006/2007.

scholarly journals Christ has Broken the Barrier Between Nations (Eph. 2:11-22): Challenge to Nigerian Christians As Peace Initiators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Ikechukwu Ezeogamba ◽  
Francis Chuks Madukasi
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Library Research ◽  
In Christ ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Church

The fundamental difference between the Jews and Gentiles is circumcision. This fact introduced a serious barrier between them. This is to the extent that they could not mingle or relate cordially. Thus, their relationship was like the one that exists between lepers and the healthy. Hence, Gentiles were excluded from membership of Israel, aliens with no part in the covenants of the fatherhood. Christ is the unifying force between the circumcised and the uncircumcised. With his blood, he absolved the Gentiles of all that used to distance them and made the circumcised to know that he is the end of the Law (Rom 10:4). Thus, through his blood he destroyed the hostility that used to be between them. Vv 19-22 expresses the value of this newly founded unity in Christ. Despite the above, there is still divisions in the Church today, hence, absence of peace in Christendom. This article therefore answers why it is so. It aims at showing that rivalry that exists among believers, exposes their insincerity and hypocrisy. It argues that if all Christians understand the mind of Christ in destroying the barrier that existed between nations (Gentiles and Jews), then the whole Christendom would have remained peaceful and truly under one head. Unless this happens, there will be no end to sectarianism, tribalism, and nepotism among Christian believers in Nigeria. The outcome of this article will be significant to all Christians. The method will be exegetical analysis of Ephesians 2:11-22 and Library research.

scholarly journals Problematika Nomos Dan Hubungannya Dengan Kasih Karunia Dalam Surat Roma

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
Prabowo Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
God's Will ◽  
Grammatical Analysis ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Law ◽  
Paul's Letters ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Church

It’s long time, churches debate on the application of the law to believers today. Some of the figures found grace is no longer relevant in the church. But some Christian leaders argue otherwise, saying that the law is still relevant and should be done. But, now a days many interpretations that are not right about Paul's theology on the application of the law in a period of grace. False interpretations of verses taken from Paul's letters caused God's people to be confused. Therefore, there is a need for proper interpretation through the process of exegesis of the Book of Romans 2-8, resulting in the existence of the correct interpretation of the law in a period of grace.From the background and the problems, this research focused to sharpen understanding of the problems related to the application of grace in the church today. Researchers used descriptive method to describe it. Then the authors conducted a study exegesis consisting of an observational analysis, textual analysis, structural analysis, grammatical analysis, lexical analysis, historical analysis or conceptual, analytical theological and exegetical analysis of Romans 2-8. The purpose of this study is the first, to understand the interrelationships of the law and grace; second, to understand the uniqueness of Paul's theology in describing the application of the law in a period of grace; Third, investigate exegesis mean passages from Paul's Letter to the Romans chapters 2-8 which discusses the relevance of the law and grace. The results of the discussion found several things: First, the assumption that Paul abolishes the law is not correct. Paul did not abolish the Law in a period of grace. Second, the law still relevant in the church today. Jesus fulfill the law for believers, so that believers can do the latter by the power of the Holy Spirit. And keep in mind that God has put His laws are no longer in tablets of stone dead, but in the mind of his people. Third, the law has a unique role and functions in the day of grace. The Law was God's will for believers because it still remains a self-revelation of God.Recommended for ministers, pastors, and teachers of theology seriously investigate the truth about the existence of the law in the church today, so that people are not confused by every falseteaching. Abstrak Indonesia  Sudah lama sekali, gereja berdebat tentang penerapan hukum kepada orang percaya hari ini. Beberapa tokoh menemukan kasih karunia tidak lagi relevan di gereja. Tetapi beberapa pemimpin Kristen berpendapat sebaliknya, dengan mengatakan bahwa hukum masih relevan dan harus dilakukan. Namun, sekarang ini banyak tafsir yang tidak benar tentang teologi Paulus tentang penerapan hukum dalam masa kasih karunia. Penafsiran yang salah dari ayat-ayat yang diambil dari surat-surat Paulus menyebabkan umat Tuhan menjadi bingung. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penafsiran yang tepat melalui proses penafsiran Kitab Roma 2-8, sehingga terjadi penafsiran hukum yang benar dalam masa rahmat.Dari latar belakang dan permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini difokuskan untuk mempertajam pemahaman tentang permasalahan terkait penerapan anugerah di gereja saat ini. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk mendeskripsikannya. Kemudian penulis melakukan studi tafsir yang terdiri dari analisis observasional, analisis tekstual, analisis struktural, analisis gramatikal, analisis leksikal, analisis historis atau konseptual, analisis teologis dan analisis eksegetik Roma 2-8. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah yang pertama, untuk memahami keterkaitan antara hukum dan rahmat; kedua, memahami keunikan teologi Paulus dalam menjelaskan penerapan hukum dalam masa kasih karunia; Ketiga, menyelidiki eksegesis yang berarti bagian-bagian dari Surat Paulus kepada Roma pasal 2-8 yang membahas relevansi hukum dan kasih karunia.Hasil diskusi menemukan beberapa hal: Pertama, anggapan bahwa Paulus menghapus hukum adalah tidak tepat. Paulus tidak menghapus Hukum dalam masa kasih karunia. Kedua, hukum masih relevan di gereja saat ini. Yesus menggenapi hukum untuk orang percaya, sehingga orang percaya dapat melakukan yang terakhir dengan kuasa Roh Kudus. Dan perlu diingat bahwa Tuhan telah meletakkan hukum-hukum-Nya tidak lagi di loh batu mati, tetapi di benak umat-Nya. Ketiga, hukum memiliki peran dan fungsi yang unik di hari kasih karunia. Hukum adalah kehendak Tuhan bagi orang percaya karena itu tetap merupakan wahyu Tuhan. Dianjurkan agar pendeta, pendeta, dan guru teologi menyelidiki dengan serius kebenaran tentang keberadaan hukum di gereja saat ini, agar masyarakat tidak dibingungkan oleh setiap kesalahan pengajaran.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC-METHODICAL ASPECTS OF FORMATION OF READINESS FOR GERMAN-LANGUAGE PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED COMMUNICATION OF FUTURE AGRICULTURISTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetyana Pakhomova ◽  
◽  
Olga Piddubtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
German Language ◽  
Language Training ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Language Communication ◽  
German Speaking

Active European integration processes in the state, education and business determine relevance of the study. They pay special attention to the discipline «Foreign language for specific purposes» in the training of agricultural specialists. The purpose of this study is to consider the scientific and methodical aspects of formation of readiness for German-language professionally oriented communication among future agriculturists. Theoretical (analysis, systematization, generalization, modeling) and empirical methods were used to achieve this goal. They allowed to analyze the latest scientific research in the field of foreign language training, problems of readiness for foreign language communication, features of foreign language professionally oriented communication of agro-industrial enterprises` specialists. The analysis of the professional requirements for future farmers, scientific approaches to interpretation of the concept «readiness», modern concepts of foreign language teaching methods gave grounds to specify the concept of readiness for German-speaking professionally oriented communication of agriculturists, which is seen as the competence to use acquired knowledge, ability and skills for successful German-speaking professionally oriented communication. Analysis of the national experience of foreign language training of agricultural sector specialists shows that the main purpose of foreign languages studying in higher educational establishments is the training a specialist who can use the German language as a tool of professional activity and professional knowledge. In order to achieve this goal it is necessary to develop the linguistic, social-cultural, educational and professional components of German-speaking professionally oriented communicative competence. Communication is an integral part of the professional activities of specialists. It is based on general social and psychological patterns and focuses on the successful and effective implementation of professional duties, and includes the exchange of proposals, requirements, views, motives to solve specific problems, sign agreements or establish other relations between the subjects of joint activities. German-language professionally oriented communication has its linguistic features, namely: lexical (terms, scientific and technical phraseology, professionalism, jargon, abbreviations and acronyms), grammatical (nominal style, modal verbs, passive voice, sentence length) and stylistic (metaphor, comparison and epithets). According to the fundamental bases of foreign language training the model of formation of readiness for German-language professionally oriented communication among future agriculturists is proposed, based on the peculiarities of teaching foreign languages in agricultural universities and the specificity of professionally oriented communication of specialists in the agricultural sector. It consists of the following blocks: motivational-target, theoretical-methodological, content-technological and productive-estimated. The effectiveness of the model depends on such factors as: the organization of the appropriate language environment, modeling of professional situations in the classroom and increase motivation for professionally oriented communication. The results of the study are to determine the place of formation of readiness for foreign language communication in the professional education of future farmers, to determine the linguistic features of German-language communication of agronomists, to substantiate the organizational and pedagogical conditions of German-language training and create an appropriate model. The formation of readiness for professionally oriented communication in a foreign language is a systematic, long-term process that involves the development of traditional professional ideas, professional thinking and professional behavior.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document