Frederick Hughes Scott and his contribution to the early history of the transmitter concept

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Transmission ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Early History ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Nerve Impulses ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical Transmission

The first experimental evidence in favour of the theory of humoral transI mission of nerve impulses was Otto Loewi’s classical observation on the vagus and accelerans substances in the frog’s heart (i). It is well known that ideas of this kind had been discussed earlier, and the literature that is often quoted includes work by T. R. Elliott (2), on the possibility of a release of adrenaline from sympathetic nerve endings, and that by Dixon (F.R.S. 1911), on the release of muscarine in the mammalian heart (3). There are, however, even earlier publications: in 1937 Sir Henry Dale read a paper (4) to the Physiological Society entitled: ‘E. Du Bois-Reymond and chemical transmission’. Dale refers to a paper by Du Bois-Reymond (For. Mem. R.S. 1877), in which ideas of chemical transmission were formulated (5). The aim of this essay is to draw attention to two remarkable papers by F. H. Scott (6,7) that have in recent years been rescued from total oblivion. The present writer became aware of these at the occasion of the Royal Society Discussion on ‘Subcellular and Macromolecular Aspects of Synaptic Transmission’, held in 1970. Two of the contributors quoted Scott: A. D. Smith (8) the paper from 1905, and A. Dahlström (9) that from 1906 (7).

The birth and early days of the Philosophical Transactions

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-27 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Early History ◽  
Scientific Society ◽  
Hundredth Anniversary ◽  
Corporate Body ◽  
Scientific Periodical ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Accademia Del Cimento

The Royal Society was not the first scientific society, or organized academy for the promotion of science, to be founded, since it was preceded by the original Accademia del Cimento, which took its rise in 1657, but lived only ten years. The Royal Society is, then, the oldest corporate body of its kind to have enjoyed continuous existence until today. In a like way the Philosophical Transactions was not the earliest scientific periodical to come forth, since the first number of the Journal des Sçavans appeared, on 5 January 1665, two months before the first number of the Transactions . The Journal , however, while much concerned with scientific matters, including scientific books, dealt with the world of learning in general, including literary, legal and theological matters. Its pronouncements often led to stormy controversy, it had a troubled history and finally ceased to appear in 1790. The Transactions , except for a short break when it was replaced by Hooke’s Philosophical Collections , and for an interruption of three years that followed the landing of William of Orange and the flight of James II, has been published continuously from the issue of the first number dated 6 March 1664/5, the present year thus being the three hundredth anniversary of its beginning. Conspicuously connected with the first appearance of the Philosophical Transactions was Henry Oldenburg, a character very much to the fore in the early history of the Society.

An index of proper names in Thomas Birch, The History of the Royal Society (London, 1756-1757)

1974 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-329 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Early History ◽  
British Isles ◽  
History Of

Almost any position in academe has odd moments the sum of which can furnish a genuine contribution if they are productively used. My assistant Mrs Gail Ewald Scala used hers for a year to compile this index which had been suggested by Professor Howard B. Adelmann. It is our hope that it will prove of real assistance to scholars investigating the early history of the Royal Society, the activities of its members, and its and their relations with learned men both within and beyond the British Isles.

scholarly journals II.—Gastaldi on Italian Geology and the Crystalline Rocks

1887 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 531-540
Author(s):  
T. Sterry Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Crystalline Rocks ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Especial Reference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Made In

The present writer in 1883 reviewed the history of the rocks of the Alps and the Apennines with especial reference to the geological relations of serpentine and its associates, in a paper which appeared in the first volume of the Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, and is reprinted, revised and with some additions, as the tenth chapter of his volume entitled “Mineral Physiology and Physiography” (Boston, 1886). Therein he gave a somewhat detailed account of the labours in Italian geology of the late Professor Bartolomeo Gastaldi, of Turin, a list of whose publications on that subject from 1871 to 1878, so far as known to the writer, will there be found, including his letter to Quintino Sella, in 1878, on the general results of explorations made in 1877 (loc. cit., 458).

Samuel Hartlib’s influence on the early history of The Royal Society

1953 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-130 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Early History ◽  
Circumstantial Evidence ◽  
Invisible College ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Group ◽  
The Invisible

In a valuable article 1 on ‘The origins of the Royal Society’ Miss R. H. Syfret considers various possible influences on the foundation of the Royal Society, among them that of John Amos Comenius and his group of friends in England, particularly Samuel Hartlib and Theodore Haak. She mentions also J. V. Andreae, to whose writings Comenius owed much, but comes to the conclusion that he was only one of many influences on the schemes of what she calls the Comenian group and that his connexion with the Royal Society, depending as it does on his relation to the Comenian group and then on their relation to the Royal Society, is at best remote and indirect. 2 She then considers the question of the connexion between the Comenian group and the group that in 1645 began the meetings which led to the foundation of the Royal Society, and finds enough circumstantial evidence to show some connexion between the two groups.3 She holds that the publication of Comenius’s Via Lucis in 1668 and its dedication to the Royal Society supports, in a general way but by no means exclusively, the supposition of a connexion between the two groups. 4 She believes that, if the Invisible College were indeed, as has always been assumed, Dr Wallis’s scientific group, this fact would point quite conclusively to the Royal Society’s origins in the schemes of Samuel Hartlib ; but, after considering various points about the Invisible College, she concludes that it seems that it was something quite different from that group. 5

‘Plain’, ‘Shore’, and ‘Hill’ in early Athens

1961 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 189-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Early History ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
History Of

All those concerned with the early history of Athens must give some consideration to the three ‘parties’ (the term used in this discussion rather than ‘faction’) which, it was believed in classical antiquity, divided Attica in the first half of the sixth century B.C. and formed the background to the career of Peisistratos. A considerable bibliography might be assembled on this subject and there would be little excuse for adding to it, did the present writer not feel that previous treatment of the problems involved has been too brief and disjointed. It is intended here first to examine at some length the questions at issue, even if this entails some repetition of generally accepted ideas, and then to hazard some general observations on Athenian affairs of the period.There are, in fact, four heads under which the problems must be treated: (i) the reality of the existence of regional divisions of Attica such as the parties presuppose, and their localization; (ii) the question of the degree to which parties are, in the ancient sources, connected with these regions; (iii) the question how far persons of whose position and activities we know something can be connected with the regions and the parties; (iv) the validity of the generally accepted views of the aims and policy of the parties and their supposed leaders, followed by an effort to discover an issue which divided Athens and gave rise to the tradition of party strife.

scholarly journals Instruments and relics

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-485
Author(s):  
Rebekah Higgitt
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Early History ◽  
Scientific Instruments ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Royal Society Of London

Abstract Despite the age and prestige of the Royal Society of London, the history of its collections of scientific instruments and apparatus has largely been one of accidental accumulation and neglect. This article tracks their movements and the processes by which objects came to be recognized as possessing value beyond reuse or sale. From at least the mid-nineteenth century, the few surviving objects with links to the society’s early history and its most illustrious Fellows came to be termed ‘relics’, were treated with suitable reverence, put on display and made part of the society’s public self-presentation. If the more quotidian objects survived into the later 1800s, when their potential as objects for collection, research, display, reproduction and loan began to be appreciated, they are likely to have survived to the present day.

scholarly journals IV.—Note on a Model of the Skull and Mandible of Prozeuglodon atrox, Andrews

1908 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Early History ◽  
Present Writer ◽  
Primitive Group ◽  
Baleen Whales ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
History Of ◽  
Extreme Probability

During the last few years several papers have been published which throw much light on the early history of the whales, a matter about which there have been great doubt and difference of opinion. Two important points appear to have been settled: first, that the Zeuglodonts (Archœceti) are descended from the primitive group of land-carnivores, usually known as the Creodonta, and, second, that the Toothed-whales (Odontoceti) are really derived from the Zeuglodonts. On this second point there may still be room for doubt, although in the opinion of the present writer the evidence brought forward by Professor Abel in several papers, is at least sufficient to demonstrate the extreme probability that the Archæoceti are really ancestors of the Odontoceti. The origin of the Baleen-whales (Mystacoceti) is still obscure, but the fact that numerous true teeth are found in the unborn young, points to the probability that these animals also may have originated from the same, or a closely related stock as that from which the Odontoceti have descended.

scholarly journals Preface

1976 ◽  
Vol 275 (936) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Early History ◽  
Human History ◽  
Arts And Sciences ◽  
The Third ◽  
History Of Agriculture ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

This volume contains the proceedings of the third Discussion Meeting organized jointly by the British Academy and the Royal Society. The first, on the impact of the natural sciences on archaeology, took place on 11 and 12 December 1969. The second, on the place of astronomy in the ancient world, was held on 7 and 8 December 1972. The third, which is here recorded, was on 9 and 10 April 1975, and in covering the early history of agriculture, continues the joint exploration of the arts and sciences in human history.

Conversazione to mark the 300th anniversary of the publication of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , Hooke’s Micrographia , and Evelyn's Sylva

1966 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Keyword(s):  
Special Interest ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Early History ◽  
Robert Hooke ◽  
History Of ◽  
Queen Mother ◽  
Definite Period

Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother and His Majesty King Gustav Adolf of Sweden honoured the Society by their presence at a conversazione on 16 November 1965 to celebrate the 300th anniversary of the publication of the Philosophical Transactions . Professor Andrade, F. R. S. , in his account of the early history of the Transactions (1) has told how they were edited by Henry Oldenburg from 1665 until his death in September 1677, and how with the last part of the twelfth volume, which appeared four months later, they ceased publication for four years. The first twelve volumes thus constitute a definite period in the history of the Philosophical Transactions , and the exhibits focussed on this period, with a special interest in Robert Hooke and Micrographia , and in the husbandry of the period.

Notes on the foundation and history of the Royal Society

1938 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Early History ◽  
Francis Bacon ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
General Sense ◽  
The Third ◽  
Evolution And Development ◽  
Corporate Organization ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Type

'The Foundation of the Royal Society was one of the earliest practical fruits of the philosophical labours of Francis Bacon;' with these words Sir Archibald Geikie began the chapter on the ‘Foundation and Early History of the Royal Society' in the third edition of the Record . The statement is no doubt true in a general sense. It is, however, seldom possible to trace to a single source the inception of an idea which led to the foundation of a new type of corporate organization. The evolution and development of human institutions is, as a rule, a slow process, conditioned by many factors operating in a favourable atmosphere. As Pasteur said of scientific research : ‘le hasard ne favorise que les esprits préparés.’

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