scholarly journals Hooke's figurations: a figural drawing attributed to Robert Hooke

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Robert Hooke ◽  
Experimental Philosopher ◽  
Artistic Training ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Graphic Work ◽  
Insight Into

The experimental philosopher Robert Hooke (1635–1703) is known to have apprenticed to the leading painter Peter Lely on his first arrival in London in the late 1640s. Yet the relevance of Hooke's artistic training to his mature draughtsmanship and identity has remained unclear. Shedding light on that larger interpretive problem, this article argues for the attribution to Hooke of a figural drawing now in Tate Britain (T10678). This attributed drawing is especially interesting because it depicts human subjects and bears Hooke's name functioning as an artistic signature, both highly unusual features for his draughtsmanship. From evidence of how this drawing was collected and physically placed alongside images by leading artists in the early eighteenth century, I suggest how it can offer new insight into the reception of Hooke and his graphic work in the early Enlightenment.

Some Early Eighteenth-Century Roman Catholic Recusants

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Gordon Huelin
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Insight Into

Among the archives belonging to the diocese of London and housed in two muniment rooms in St. Paul's Cathedral, is a bundle of papers labelled ‘Certificates as to Papists, 1706’. Curiosity having tempted me to undo and examine its contents, I now give a survey of the documents therein contained, believing that this may prove to be of value in two respects: first, as throwing new light upon members of a proscribed religion at a time which, so far as can be ascertained from books and records in libraries, Catholic and non-Catholic alike, is very poorly documented; secondly, as giving yet another insight into the character and outlook of a section of the Anglican clergy at the beginning of the eighteenth century.

scholarly journals Newton's "Experimental Philosophy"

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
Restoration England ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractNewton abjured using the term "experimental philosophy," widely used in Restoration England at the start of his career, until 1712 when he added a passage to the General Scholium of the Principia that briefly expounded his anti-hypothetical methodology. Drafts for query 23 of the second edition of the Opticks (1706) (which became query 31 in the third edition), however, show that he had intended to introduce the term to explain his methodology earlier. Newton introduced the term for polemical purposes to defend his theory of gravity against the criticisms of Cartesians and Leibnizians but, especially in the Principia, against Leibniz himself. "Experimental philosophy" has little directly to do with experiment, but rather more broadly designates empirical science. Newton's manuscripts provide insight into his use of "experimental philosophy" and the formulation of his methodology, especially such key terms as "deduce," "induction," and "phenomena," in the early eighteenth century.

'In kompagnie geordonneert en geschildert'. Een onderzoek naar de ontstaansgeschiedenis van het Aardse Paradijs van Peter Paul Rubens en Jan Brueghel d.O

2001 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-130
Author(s):  
Dorien Tamis
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Peter Paul Rubens ◽  
Painted Surface ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
Onderzoek Naar ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractJan Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens: what was their respective contributions to Adam and Eve in Paradise, the painting in the Mauritshuis at The Hague the two artists produced in collaboration? Early eighteenth-century authors such as Houbraken and Weyerman assumed their shares were equal, but opinions differ considerably in scholarly art-historical literature. In order to gain more insight into the nature of the collaboration, Adam and Eve in Paradise, is first compared with other joint efforts by the two artists. A second approach is to examine the pictorial sources used for (elements of) the painting. Finally tracing the genesis of the work step by step from the purchase of the panel to the placement of the signature yields information about the progress of the collaboration. What the examination of the painted surface of Adam and Eve in Paradise reveals about the sequence of the operation is in accordance with what can be deduced from Jan Brueghel the Younger's diary entries about works for which another figure painter was recruited. It confirms that Jan Brueghel the Elder must have been the initiator and seller of the The Hague painting. But it is Rubens' artistry that makes the painting unique, and his contribution to the composition is particularly evident from the pictorial sources. The whole is more than merely the sum of the parts painted by the two artists: it is a genuine partnership, which must have involved mutual consultation.

scholarly journals Isaac Olsens kopibok som kulturuttrykk på tidlig 1700-tall

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 60-84
Author(s):  
Liv Helene Willumsen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Contemporary Practice ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Insight Into

Isaac Olsen's Copy Book as a Cultural Expression of the Early Eighteenth Century.This article deals with a copy book written by Isaac Olsen, dating from the early eighteenth century. Isaac Olsen was a teacher and catechist working among the Sami people in the region of Finnmark, Northern Norway. He was a predecessor of the Sami missionary Thomas von Westen. Isaac Olsen left a handwritten copy book of nearly 1000 pages, today preserved in The Museum of Cultural History in Oslo, Norway. The copy book is a compilation of documents related to Isaac Olsen’s work and person. Most of the documents are written in his own hand, but the book also contains documents written by governmental officials such as regional governors and provosts, and even the king in Copenhagen. The article focuses on the voices that may be heard in the texts contained in Isaac Olsen’s copy book: the pedagogical voice, the religious voice, the voice of popular culture, the voices of state officials. Attention is also paid to the contemporary practice of writing and the practice of professional copying. Isaac Olsen’s copy book, which dates from the early 1700s, is seen as a valuable historical source that may give insight into the mental horizon of an individual as well as knowledge about the society in which he lived.

The Shoemakers’ Riot and the Limits of Popular Politics

2020 ◽  
pp. 256-290
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kaicker
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Urban Crisis ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Economic Conflict ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

In 1729, a minor clash between a group of Muslim shoemakers and a Hindu jeweler in the streets of the city spiraled into an extraordinary urban tumult that led to fierce fighting and much bloodshed in the courtyard of the city’s congregational mosque. Offering a detailed study of the shoemakers’ riot, as the event came to be known, this chapter explores the possibilities—and the limits—of everyday popular politics in the Delhi of the early eighteenth century. Despite their artifactual nature, accounts of the riot offer invaluable insight into the actions and intentions of the city’s lowest inhabitants at a moment of urban crisis, and the goal of the historical reconstruction in this chapter will be to illuminate the tangled happenings of March 1729, while still preserving the multiplicity of meanings assigned to them. The shoemakers’ agitation cannot be neatly subsumed into the standard categories of economic conflict or sectarian hatred that have given us the conventional understanding of the period. Instead of closing the meanings of the event in narratives of “larger significance,” this chapter attempts to behold the city of the eighteenth century from the eyes of the shoemaker.

Antoine-François Payen, the 1666 Selenelion , and a rediscovered letter to Robert Hooke

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Poole
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Bodleian Library ◽  
Atmospheric Refraction ◽  
Robert Hooke ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century

This note concerns the horizontal eclipse of 16 June 1666, and the Avignon jurisconsult and astronomer Antoine-François Payen's reflections upon it, his Selenelion ou Apparition Luni-Solaire (Paris, 1666). Payen argued that observation of a horizontal eclipse had to take into account the effects of both atmospheric refraction and diurnal parallax. Payen sent a copy of his work via the Royal Society's Secretary, Henry Oldenburg, to the Curator of Experiments, Robert Hooke. This hitherto lost gift can be identified as Bodleian Library 4° W 27 (14) Jur, and it still bears Payen's autograph letter of presentation. It reached the Bodleian through Sir Hans Sloane, who acquired some of Hooke's books after the latter's death and who subsequently donated well over 1000 of his duplicates to the Bodleian in the early eighteenth century. Payen's Selenelion was included in Sloane's shipments by oversight, as it seems to have been Sloane's only copy. A text and translation of Payen's recovered letter to Hooke are provided, as well as a list of further Sloanian books in the Bodleian formerly owned by Hooke.

The Early Eighteenth-Century German Confessional Crisis: The Juridification of Religious Conflict in the Reconfessionalized Politics of the Holy Roman Empire

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Milton
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Politics Of Religion ◽  
Great Power Politics ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Territorial States ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe success of the treaties of Westphalia in preserving the religious peace in the Holy Roman Empire after 1648 has been a popular scholarly theme. Many historians also realize, however, that confessional tensions and confrontations persisted well into the eighteenth century. Exploring an early eighteenth-century German confessional crisis centered in the Palatinate, this article focuses on the degree to which judicial, political, and diplomatic mechanisms successfully regulated and deescalated confessional strife. In short, it looks at the “juridification” of confessional conflict in the Empire. In so doing, it addresses a number of underresearched themes, such as the reactions of the Catholic princes and the Emperor, the internal dynamics within theCorpus Evangelicorum, as well as the international dimension of European great power politics. This not only provides a multiangle analysis of a crisis that saw the emergence of a new regime in the politics of religion, but also offers greater insight into the relationship between the powerful, militarized Protestant territorial-states of northern Germany and the Habsburg emperorship, specifically with regard to the judicial authority of the latter.

“Humbly dedicated”: Petiver and the audience for natural history in early eighteenth-century Britain

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. James
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Modern Britain ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern Britain ◽  
Eighteenth Century Britain ◽  
Insight Into

Over the winter and spring of 1713–1714, Dr Patrick Blair (1666–1728) acted as agent for James Petiver (c. 1664–1718) while in Dundee and Edinburgh, promoting the London apothecary's publications on natural history. Blair was successful in attracting a readership for Petiver's works, despite enduring the diffi culty of having to wait for Petiver to act on his promise to supply the publications. Publications - through presentation copies, dedications, or subscriptions - were used as compliments to attract individuals into the network of correspondence and acquaintance by which natural history in early modern Britain was conducted. These dedications also exhibited the readership to itself, acting as a social advertisement for natural history. Blair's endeavours in 1713–1714 offer insight into the role of audience in the practice of natural history in early-modern Britain.

CONSTRUCTING A JACOBITE: THE SOCIAL AND INTELLECTUAL ORIGINS OF GEORGE LOCKHART OF CARNWATH

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 977-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL SZECHI
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intellectual Origins ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Insight Into

George Lockhart of Carnwath is best known for his bitter denunciation of the Anglo-Scottish Union in his Memoirs, concerning the affairs of Scotland, first published in 1714. There Lockhart appears as a wholly Jacobite narrator and moralist, passionately inveighing against the iniquity of his peers. Yet we know that his background was not cut from the same cloth as that of his more stereotypical Jacobite contemporaries. Not for him the brooding presence of a Cavalier ancestor ‘martyred’ while fighting alongside Montrose or ancient traditions of loyalty to the Stuarts. Rather, like many Scotsmen after him, he was converted to Jacobitism in the course of the political crisis gripping early eighteenth-century Scotland. From the point of view of the historian studying the dynamics of political commitment the fact that Lockhart falls into this category is a godsend. Uniquely among his Jacobite peers, in the Memoirs and in his many surviving letters, as well as the correspondence and accounts of affairs penned by contemporaries, Lockhart has left the historian a substantial amount of evidence to work on. This article will explore the social and intellectual background to George Lockhart's adherence to the Stuart cause, focusing in particular on the interplay of social forces that shaped his childhood and teenage years, before going on to trace the key features of his understanding of politics and society. Lockhart was not a natural convert to Jacobitism, and the fact that he and many like him moved in that direction merits close analysis. By better understanding why a man like Lockhart embraced the exiled Stuarts we can gain a more general insight into the revival of the Jacobite cause in Scotland in the early eighteenth century.

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