scholarly journals Isaac Olsens kopibok som kulturuttrykk på tidlig 1700-tall

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 60-84
Author(s):  
Liv Helene Willumsen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Contemporary Practice ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Insight Into

Isaac Olsen's Copy Book as a Cultural Expression of the Early Eighteenth Century.This article deals with a copy book written by Isaac Olsen, dating from the early eighteenth century. Isaac Olsen was a teacher and catechist working among the Sami people in the region of Finnmark, Northern Norway. He was a predecessor of the Sami missionary Thomas von Westen. Isaac Olsen left a handwritten copy book of nearly 1000 pages, today preserved in The Museum of Cultural History in Oslo, Norway. The copy book is a compilation of documents related to Isaac Olsen’s work and person. Most of the documents are written in his own hand, but the book also contains documents written by governmental officials such as regional governors and provosts, and even the king in Copenhagen. The article focuses on the voices that may be heard in the texts contained in Isaac Olsen’s copy book: the pedagogical voice, the religious voice, the voice of popular culture, the voices of state officials. Attention is also paid to the contemporary practice of writing and the practice of professional copying. Isaac Olsen’s copy book, which dates from the early 1700s, is seen as a valuable historical source that may give insight into the mental horizon of an individual as well as knowledge about the society in which he lived.

Some Early Eighteenth-Century Roman Catholic Recusants

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Gordon Huelin
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Insight Into

Among the archives belonging to the diocese of London and housed in two muniment rooms in St. Paul's Cathedral, is a bundle of papers labelled ‘Certificates as to Papists, 1706’. Curiosity having tempted me to undo and examine its contents, I now give a survey of the documents therein contained, believing that this may prove to be of value in two respects: first, as throwing new light upon members of a proscribed religion at a time which, so far as can be ascertained from books and records in libraries, Catholic and non-Catholic alike, is very poorly documented; secondly, as giving yet another insight into the character and outlook of a section of the Anglican clergy at the beginning of the eighteenth century.

scholarly journals Newton's "Experimental Philosophy"

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
Restoration England ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractNewton abjured using the term "experimental philosophy," widely used in Restoration England at the start of his career, until 1712 when he added a passage to the General Scholium of the Principia that briefly expounded his anti-hypothetical methodology. Drafts for query 23 of the second edition of the Opticks (1706) (which became query 31 in the third edition), however, show that he had intended to introduce the term to explain his methodology earlier. Newton introduced the term for polemical purposes to defend his theory of gravity against the criticisms of Cartesians and Leibnizians but, especially in the Principia, against Leibniz himself. "Experimental philosophy" has little directly to do with experiment, but rather more broadly designates empirical science. Newton's manuscripts provide insight into his use of "experimental philosophy" and the formulation of his methodology, especially such key terms as "deduce," "induction," and "phenomena," in the early eighteenth century.

'In kompagnie geordonneert en geschildert'. Een onderzoek naar de ontstaansgeschiedenis van het Aardse Paradijs van Peter Paul Rubens en Jan Brueghel d.O

2001 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-130
Author(s):  
Dorien Tamis
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Peter Paul Rubens ◽  
Painted Surface ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
Onderzoek Naar ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractJan Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens: what was their respective contributions to Adam and Eve in Paradise, the painting in the Mauritshuis at The Hague the two artists produced in collaboration? Early eighteenth-century authors such as Houbraken and Weyerman assumed their shares were equal, but opinions differ considerably in scholarly art-historical literature. In order to gain more insight into the nature of the collaboration, Adam and Eve in Paradise, is first compared with other joint efforts by the two artists. A second approach is to examine the pictorial sources used for (elements of) the painting. Finally tracing the genesis of the work step by step from the purchase of the panel to the placement of the signature yields information about the progress of the collaboration. What the examination of the painted surface of Adam and Eve in Paradise reveals about the sequence of the operation is in accordance with what can be deduced from Jan Brueghel the Younger's diary entries about works for which another figure painter was recruited. It confirms that Jan Brueghel the Elder must have been the initiator and seller of the The Hague painting. But it is Rubens' artistry that makes the painting unique, and his contribution to the composition is particularly evident from the pictorial sources. The whole is more than merely the sum of the parts painted by the two artists: it is a genuine partnership, which must have involved mutual consultation.

The Shoemakers’ Riot and the Limits of Popular Politics

2020 ◽  
pp. 256-290
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kaicker
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Urban Crisis ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Economic Conflict ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

In 1729, a minor clash between a group of Muslim shoemakers and a Hindu jeweler in the streets of the city spiraled into an extraordinary urban tumult that led to fierce fighting and much bloodshed in the courtyard of the city’s congregational mosque. Offering a detailed study of the shoemakers’ riot, as the event came to be known, this chapter explores the possibilities—and the limits—of everyday popular politics in the Delhi of the early eighteenth century. Despite their artifactual nature, accounts of the riot offer invaluable insight into the actions and intentions of the city’s lowest inhabitants at a moment of urban crisis, and the goal of the historical reconstruction in this chapter will be to illuminate the tangled happenings of March 1729, while still preserving the multiplicity of meanings assigned to them. The shoemakers’ agitation cannot be neatly subsumed into the standard categories of economic conflict or sectarian hatred that have given us the conventional understanding of the period. Instead of closing the meanings of the event in narratives of “larger significance,” this chapter attempts to behold the city of the eighteenth century from the eyes of the shoemaker.

“National Identity in Premodern Rus”

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Cultural Heterogeneity ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ivan The Terrible

AbstractThis article is a commentary on some of the conclusions of Serhii Plokhy's The Origin of the Slavic Nations. Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. Plokhy addressed ethnocultural (national) identities and national identity projects from the tenth to the early eighteenth century. This essay is concerned with Kievan Rus', the Mongol impact on the East Slavs, and Muscovite history from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century. It offers alternative interpretations both of the historical background which Plokhy outlines for the evolution of East Slavic peoples and of Plokhy's interpretations of various historical, political, religious and literary texts. The chronology of the translatio of the myth of the Rus' Land from Kievan Rus' to Moscow is still a matter of contention. In synthesizing the views of such historians as Edward Keenan and Donald Ostrowski, Plokhy has attributed too much influence to the Mongols on Russian institutional and cultural history. Plokhy has failed to be consistent in his application of Keenan's criticism of sources and Keenan's concept of sixteenth-century Muscovite society and culture. Finally, Plokhy somewhat oversimplifies the cultural heterogeneity of Ivan the Terrible and Ivan the Terrible's Muscovy. These criticisms are a tribute to Plokhy's challenging but inspiring monograph.

Reassessing ROBERT DRURY'S JOURNAL as A Historical Source for Southern Madagascar

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 233-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Parker Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Local People ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Robinson Crusoe ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Relation ◽  
Insight Into

In 1729 a book entitled Madagascar: or Robert Drury's Journal During Fifteen Years Captivity on that Island was published in London. It describes the shipwreck of an East Indiaman on the south coast of Madagascar, the enforced stay of the crew at the royal capital of the Antandroy people, the crew's escape and massacre, the survival of the midshipmen, including Drury, as royal slaves, and Drury's eventual escape to the English colony of St. Augustine. It purports to be his authentic account, digested into order by a transcriber or editor and published at the request of his friends. A certification of its authenticity is provided at the front of the first edition by Captain William Mackett, the ship's captain who brought Drury back to England, and the author states that if anyone doubts the veracity of his tale or wishes for a further account, he is “to be found every day at Old Tom's Coffee-house in Birchin Lane, London.”The tale bears many superficial resemblances to Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and Knox's An Historical Relation of Ceylon and the anonymous editor is at pains to state in the preface that the book was undoubtedly likely to be “…taken for such another romance as ‘Robinson Crusoe’…” whereas it was “…nothing else but a plain, honest narrative of matter of fact.” If this is the case, then Drury's account provides a fascinating insight into the world of an emergent Malagasy kingdom at the beginning of the eighteenth century. This was a crucial moment in Madagascar's history, when the European world of long-distance trade, slaving, and piracy was exerting a strong impact on the local people, culminating in colonization by France two centuries later.

The Early Eighteenth-Century German Confessional Crisis: The Juridification of Religious Conflict in the Reconfessionalized Politics of the Holy Roman Empire

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Milton
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Holy Roman Empire ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Politics Of Religion ◽  
Great Power Politics ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Territorial States ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe success of the treaties of Westphalia in preserving the religious peace in the Holy Roman Empire after 1648 has been a popular scholarly theme. Many historians also realize, however, that confessional tensions and confrontations persisted well into the eighteenth century. Exploring an early eighteenth-century German confessional crisis centered in the Palatinate, this article focuses on the degree to which judicial, political, and diplomatic mechanisms successfully regulated and deescalated confessional strife. In short, it looks at the “juridification” of confessional conflict in the Empire. In so doing, it addresses a number of underresearched themes, such as the reactions of the Catholic princes and the Emperor, the internal dynamics within theCorpus Evangelicorum, as well as the international dimension of European great power politics. This not only provides a multiangle analysis of a crisis that saw the emergence of a new regime in the politics of religion, but also offers greater insight into the relationship between the powerful, militarized Protestant territorial-states of northern Germany and the Habsburg emperorship, specifically with regard to the judicial authority of the latter.

“Was There Not Reason to Doubt?”:Wielandand Its Secular Age

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-756
Author(s):  
Christine Hedlin
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hearing Voices ◽  
Medical Discourses ◽  
American Cultural History ◽  
Secular Age ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines Charles Brockden Brown'sWieland, or The Transformation(1798) as engaging with the distinctive “secular age” of the early republic, a volatile moment in American cultural history when such experiences as having visions and hearing voices, both prevalent in the novel, drew an array of religious and medical explanations. Drawing upon the work of theorists of new secular studies, I argue that the doubts of the novel's narrator Clara regarding who or what is responsible for her family's undoing signal the difficulty of storytelling in an age of spiritual and intellectual uncertainty. By thus reading Clara's indeterminacy as a reaction to the contrapuntal religious and medical discourses of the early republic, my essay offers new insight into the significance of her rhetorically strained, inconclusive attempt at rendering a didactic narrative. Rather than offering Clara merely as a negative example for readers – a victim of her own imperfect discipline, as she herself assesses – Brown utilizes her self-proclaimed failure to ironize the self-assuredness of eighteenth-century didactic novels in an age rife with doubt.

scholarly journals Hooke's figurations: a figural drawing attributed to Robert Hooke

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Robert Hooke ◽  
Experimental Philosopher ◽  
Artistic Training ◽  
First Arrival ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Graphic Work ◽  
Insight Into

The experimental philosopher Robert Hooke (1635–1703) is known to have apprenticed to the leading painter Peter Lely on his first arrival in London in the late 1640s. Yet the relevance of Hooke's artistic training to his mature draughtsmanship and identity has remained unclear. Shedding light on that larger interpretive problem, this article argues for the attribution to Hooke of a figural drawing now in Tate Britain (T10678). This attributed drawing is especially interesting because it depicts human subjects and bears Hooke's name functioning as an artistic signature, both highly unusual features for his draughtsmanship. From evidence of how this drawing was collected and physically placed alongside images by leading artists in the early eighteenth century, I suggest how it can offer new insight into the reception of Hooke and his graphic work in the early Enlightenment.

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