The Shoemakers’ Riot and the Limits of Popular Politics

2020 ◽  
pp. 256-290
Author(s):  
Abhishek Kaicker
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Popular Politics ◽  
Urban Crisis ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Economic Conflict ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

In 1729, a minor clash between a group of Muslim shoemakers and a Hindu jeweler in the streets of the city spiraled into an extraordinary urban tumult that led to fierce fighting and much bloodshed in the courtyard of the city’s congregational mosque. Offering a detailed study of the shoemakers’ riot, as the event came to be known, this chapter explores the possibilities—and the limits—of everyday popular politics in the Delhi of the early eighteenth century. Despite their artifactual nature, accounts of the riot offer invaluable insight into the actions and intentions of the city’s lowest inhabitants at a moment of urban crisis, and the goal of the historical reconstruction in this chapter will be to illuminate the tangled happenings of March 1729, while still preserving the multiplicity of meanings assigned to them. The shoemakers’ agitation cannot be neatly subsumed into the standard categories of economic conflict or sectarian hatred that have given us the conventional understanding of the period. Instead of closing the meanings of the event in narratives of “larger significance,” this chapter attempts to behold the city of the eighteenth century from the eyes of the shoemaker.

scholarly journals The Parthenon, Pericles and King Solomon: a case study of Ottoman archaeological imagination in Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-274
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Key Fowden
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
The City

What made Athens different from other multi-layered cities absorbed into the Ottoman Empire was the strength of its ancient reputation for learning that echoed across the Arabic and Ottoman worlds. But not only sages were remembered and Islamized in Athens; sometimes political figures were too. In the early eighteenth century a mufti of Athens, Mahmud Efendi, wrote a rarely studiedHistory of the City of Sages (Tarih-i Medinetü’l-Hukema)in which he transformed Pericles into a wise leader on a par with the Qur'anic King Solomon and linked the Parthenon mosque to Solomon's temple in Jerusalem.

scholarly journals The disciplined sea: a history of maritime security and zonation

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 1055-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Architecture ◽  
Territorial Claims ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This article details the evolution of maritime security from the perspective of its impact on the historical architecture of sea space. It argues that, as the fundamental unit of governance, zoning provides keen insight into the mechanics of maritime security. The article observes that Britain's Hovering Acts in the late eighteenth century represent the earliest example of modern zonation at sea and that they exhibit a shift from early modern territorial claims based on imperium and dominium. The article explores the way these hovering zones shaped the rationale underlying contemporary maritime security. It finds that maritime security has effectively relegated national security to a minor spatial belt of state power, while elevating non-traditional understandings of security to the level of global existential threat. The future of maritime security is under construction. Increasingly segmented by interconnecting, overlapping, multi-functional zones that seek to regulate all free movement and usage of the sea, security developments are reorganizing the maritime sphere. Nonetheless, the article argues, despite the novelty of this development, a historical military logic persists in new formations of security-oriented practices of maritime governance.

Violence and Defiance of Authority in Mughal India: A Study of the Shoe Sellers’ Riot of Shahjahanabad

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-177
Author(s):  
Najaf Haider
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Group Violence ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
The City

In March 1729 ad, the city of Shahjahanabad (Mughal Delhi) was brought to a standstill following a conflict between shoe sellers and state officials. The conflict led to a violent showdown during the Friday congregational prayer in the central mosque of the city (Jami Masjid). The shoe sellers’ riot exposed fissures based on religion, class and politics and posed a challenge to the authority of the Mughal state during the twilight of the Empire. The article is a study of the riot and the riot narratives preserved in three unpublished contemporary works. Together with a discussion of the Ahmedabad riot of 1714 ad, the article examines the nature of conflicts involving civilian population in the cities of Mughal India in the early eighteenth century and the response of political and religious authorities. An important aspect of the incidents studied in the article is the role of religion in organizing group violence even when the cause of the conflict was not necessarily religious. Conversely, cross-community support arising from patronage, class and notions of pride and honour demonstrated that religion was one among many possible forms of identity in Mughal India.

Some Early Eighteenth-Century Roman Catholic Recusants

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Gordon Huelin
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Insight Into

Among the archives belonging to the diocese of London and housed in two muniment rooms in St. Paul's Cathedral, is a bundle of papers labelled ‘Certificates as to Papists, 1706’. Curiosity having tempted me to undo and examine its contents, I now give a survey of the documents therein contained, believing that this may prove to be of value in two respects: first, as throwing new light upon members of a proscribed religion at a time which, so far as can be ascertained from books and records in libraries, Catholic and non-Catholic alike, is very poorly documented; secondly, as giving yet another insight into the character and outlook of a section of the Anglican clergy at the beginning of the eighteenth century.

scholarly journals Newton's "Experimental Philosophy"

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
Empirical Science ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Theory Of Gravity ◽  
Restoration England ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractNewton abjured using the term "experimental philosophy," widely used in Restoration England at the start of his career, until 1712 when he added a passage to the General Scholium of the Principia that briefly expounded his anti-hypothetical methodology. Drafts for query 23 of the second edition of the Opticks (1706) (which became query 31 in the third edition), however, show that he had intended to introduce the term to explain his methodology earlier. Newton introduced the term for polemical purposes to defend his theory of gravity against the criticisms of Cartesians and Leibnizians but, especially in the Principia, against Leibniz himself. "Experimental philosophy" has little directly to do with experiment, but rather more broadly designates empirical science. Newton's manuscripts provide insight into his use of "experimental philosophy" and the formulation of his methodology, especially such key terms as "deduce," "induction," and "phenomena," in the early eighteenth century.

'In kompagnie geordonneert en geschildert'. Een onderzoek naar de ontstaansgeschiedenis van het Aardse Paradijs van Peter Paul Rubens en Jan Brueghel d.O

2001 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-130
Author(s):  
Dorien Tamis
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Peter Paul Rubens ◽  
Painted Surface ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
Onderzoek Naar ◽  
Historical Literature ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractJan Brueghel the Elder and Peter Paul Rubens: what was their respective contributions to Adam and Eve in Paradise, the painting in the Mauritshuis at The Hague the two artists produced in collaboration? Early eighteenth-century authors such as Houbraken and Weyerman assumed their shares were equal, but opinions differ considerably in scholarly art-historical literature. In order to gain more insight into the nature of the collaboration, Adam and Eve in Paradise, is first compared with other joint efforts by the two artists. A second approach is to examine the pictorial sources used for (elements of) the painting. Finally tracing the genesis of the work step by step from the purchase of the panel to the placement of the signature yields information about the progress of the collaboration. What the examination of the painted surface of Adam and Eve in Paradise reveals about the sequence of the operation is in accordance with what can be deduced from Jan Brueghel the Younger's diary entries about works for which another figure painter was recruited. It confirms that Jan Brueghel the Elder must have been the initiator and seller of the The Hague painting. But it is Rubens' artistry that makes the painting unique, and his contribution to the composition is particularly evident from the pictorial sources. The whole is more than merely the sum of the parts painted by the two artists: it is a genuine partnership, which must have involved mutual consultation.

scholarly journals Snapshot or Signpost? The Role of English in Tadhg Ó Neachtain’s Early Eighteenth-Century Manuscripts

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Liam Mac Mathúna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Seán Ó Neachtain (c. 1640–1729) and his son Tadhg (c. 1671–c. 1752) were at the centre of an extensive circle of Gaelic scholars in the city of Dublin in the early part of the eighteenth century. Seán Ó Neachtain composed a broad range of creative literature. Although primarily written in Irish, his works include examples of Irish/English code-mixing as well as pieces composed entirely in English. His son, Tadhg Ó Neachtain, is credited with having written over 25 surviving manuscripts. He makes considerable use of English sources and of English itself in a number of these manuscripts, which are either pedagogical in nature, devoted to geography and history, or are characterised by frequent commonplace entries referring to contemporary events. This paper examines the interaction of the two languages in these manuscripts, exploring (1) the use of English language sources (textbooks and Dublin newspapers), (2) the content of the English portions of the manuscripts in question, and (3) the relationship of the English material to the Irish in the immediate compositional context. The paper seeks to assess whether the permeating bilingualism of these manuscripts is merely indicative of the contemporary socio-linguistic milieu in which the Ó Neachtains functioned, or can be regarded as harbinger of the subsequent community language change from Irish to English.

scholarly journals Isaac Olsens kopibok som kulturuttrykk på tidlig 1700-tall

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 60-84
Author(s):  
Liv Helene Willumsen
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Contemporary Practice ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Insight Into

Isaac Olsen's Copy Book as a Cultural Expression of the Early Eighteenth Century.This article deals with a copy book written by Isaac Olsen, dating from the early eighteenth century. Isaac Olsen was a teacher and catechist working among the Sami people in the region of Finnmark, Northern Norway. He was a predecessor of the Sami missionary Thomas von Westen. Isaac Olsen left a handwritten copy book of nearly 1000 pages, today preserved in The Museum of Cultural History in Oslo, Norway. The copy book is a compilation of documents related to Isaac Olsen’s work and person. Most of the documents are written in his own hand, but the book also contains documents written by governmental officials such as regional governors and provosts, and even the king in Copenhagen. The article focuses on the voices that may be heard in the texts contained in Isaac Olsen’s copy book: the pedagogical voice, the religious voice, the voice of popular culture, the voices of state officials. Attention is also paid to the contemporary practice of writing and the practice of professional copying. Isaac Olsen’s copy book, which dates from the early 1700s, is seen as a valuable historical source that may give insight into the mental horizon of an individual as well as knowledge about the society in which he lived.

August Tittel (1691–1756): The (Mis)fortunes of an Eighteenth-Century Translator

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-430
Author(s):  
Asaph Ben-Tov
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
New Testament ◽  
Republic Of Letters ◽  
German Translation ◽  
Biblical Scholarship ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Republic ◽  
A Minor

August Tittel, a Lutheran pastor, translator, ‘minor author’, and fugitive, was best known to contemporaries for his German translation of Humphrey Prideaux’s The Old and New Testament Connected and for his turbulent life. Together with his printed oeuvre, Tittel’s extant correspondence, especially with his patron Ernst Salomon Cyprian, allow us a close scrutiny of the life and work of a minor and troublesome member of the Republic of Letters. Despite its peculiarities, there is much in his career which is indicative of broader trends in early eighteenth-century scholarship, e.g. networks of patronage and a German interest in Jansenist and English biblical scholarship, theology, and confessional polemics. This view of the Republic of Letters ‘from below’ sheds light on a class of minor scholars, which often evades the radar of modern scholarship, but was an essential part of the early modern Republic of Letters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document