scholarly journals Rapid recovery following short-term acoustic disturbance in two fish species

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 150686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Bruintjes ◽  
Julia Purser ◽  
Kirsty A. Everley ◽  
Stephanie Mangan ◽  
Stephen D. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Rapid Recovery ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Additional Noise ◽  
Startle Latency

Noise from human activities is known to impact organisms in a variety of taxa, but most experimental studies on the behavioural effects of noise have focused on examining responses associated with the period of actual exposure. Unlike most pollutants, acoustic noise is generally short-lived, usually dissipating quickly after the source is turned off or leaves the area. In a series of experiments, we use established experimental paradigms to examine how fish behaviour and physiology are affected, both during short-term (2 min) exposure to playback of recordings of anthropogenic noise sources and in the immediate aftermath of noise exposure. We considered the anti-predator response and ventilation rate of juvenile European eels ( Anguilla anguilla ) and ventilation rate of juvenile European seabass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ). As previously found, additional-noise exposure decreased eel anti-predator responses, increased startle latency and increased ventilation rate relative to ambient-noise-exposed controls. Our results show for the first time that those effects quickly dissipated; eels showed rapid recovery of startle responses and startle latency, and rapid albeit incomplete recovery of ventilation rate in the 2 min after noise cessation. Seabass in both laboratory and open-water conditions showed an increased ventilation rate during playback of additional noise compared with ambient conditions. However, within 2 min of noise cessation, ventilation rate showed complete recovery to levels equivalent to ambient-exposed control individuals. Care should be taken in generalizing these rapid-recovery results, as individuals might have accrued other costs during noise exposure and other species might show different recovery times. Nonetheless, our results from two different fish species provide tentative cause for optimism with respect to recovery following short-duration noise exposure, and suggest that considering periods following noise exposures could be important for mitigation and management decisions.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF CAR PROPERTIES ON A PHYSICAL MODEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Oleksii Timkov ◽  
Dmytro Yashchenko ◽  
Volodymyr Bosenko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Remote Control ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Model Experiment ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Motor Current ◽  
Memory Card ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The article deals with the development of a physical model of a car equipped with measuring, recording and remote control equipment for experimental study of car properties. A detailed description of the design of the physical model and of the electronic modules used is given, links to application libraries and the code of the first part of the program for remote control of the model are given. Atmega microcontroller on the Arduino Uno platform was used to manage the model and register the parameters. When moving the car on the memory card saved such parameters as speed, voltage on the motor, current on the motor, the angle of the steered wheel, acceleration along three coordinate axes are recorded. Use of more powerful microcontrollers will allow to expand the list of the registered parameters of movement of the car. It is possible to measure the forces acting on the elements of the car and other parameters. In the future, it is planned to develop a mathematical model of motion of the car and check its adequacy in conducting experimental studies on maneuverability on the physical model. In addition, it is possible to conduct studies of stability and consumption of electrical energy. The physical model allows to quickly change geometric dimensions and mass parameters. In the study of highway trains, this approach will allow to investigate the various layout schemes of highway trains in the short term. It is possible to make two-axle road trains and saddle towed trains, three-way hitched trains of different layout. The results obtained will allow us to improve not only the mathematical model, but also the experimental physical model, and move on to further study the properties of hybrid road trains with an active trailer link. This approach allows to reduce material and time costs when researching the properties of cars and road trains. Keywords: car, physical model, experiment, road trains, sensor, remote control, maneuverability, stability.

The capacity of short term memory from an evolutionary perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Manoochehri
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Cognitive System ◽  
Evolutionary Approach ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Memory span in humans has been intensely studied for more than a century. In spite of the critical role of memory span in our cognitive system, which intensifies the importance of fundamental determinants of its evolution, few studies have investigated it by taking an evolutionary approach. Overall, we know hardly anything about the evolution of memory components. In the present study, I briefly review the experimental studies of memory span in humans and non-human animals and shortly discuss some of the relevant evolutionary hypotheses.

Short-term survival, space use and diel patterns of coastal fish species revealed from ‘solo datasets’

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Mucientes ◽  
Katharina Leeb ◽  
Fiona-Elaine Straßer ◽  
David Villegas-Ríos ◽  
Alexandre Alonso-Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Coastal Fish ◽  
Diel Patterns ◽  
Survival Space ◽  
Short Term Survival

scholarly journals The Immune System Can Hear Noise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Zhang ◽  
Tianyuan Zou ◽  
Dongye Guo ◽  
Quan Wang ◽  
Yilin Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intensity Noise ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy

As a stressor widely existing in daily life, noise can cause great alterations to the immune system and result in many physical and mental disorders, including noise-induced deafness, sleep disorders, cardiovascular diseases, endocrine diseases and other problems. The immune system plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis by recognizing and removing harmful substances in the body. Many studies have shown that noise may play vital roles in the occurrence and development of some immune diseases. In humans, both innate immunity and specific immunity can be influenced by noise, and different exposure durations and intensities of noise may exert various effects on the immune system. Short-term or low-intensity noise can enhance immune function, while long-term or high-intensity noise suppresses it. Noise can lead to the occurrence of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) through the production of autoantibodies such as anti-Hsp70 and anti-Hsp60 and exert adverse effects related to other immune-related diseases such as some autoimmune diseases and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The neuroendocrine system, mainly including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) system, is involved in the mechanisms of immune-related diseases induced by noise and gut microbiota dysfunction. In addition, noise exposure during pregnancy may be harmful to the immune system of the fetus. On the other hand, some studies have shown that music can improve immune function and alleviate the adverse effects caused by noise.

Combined effects of short-term noise exposure and hygrothermal conditions on indoor environmental perceptions

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1119-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wonyoung Yang ◽  
Hyeun Jun Moon ◽  
Myung-Jun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Environmental Perceptions ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fan Noise ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
Different Types

Realistic thermal conditions with various humidity levels have been considered to examine the combined effects of noise and thermal conditions on indoor environmental perceptions. Subjective assessments of temperature, humidity and psychoacoustics were conducted with 26 subjects under combined environments of seven thermal conditions (18℃: RH 30, 60%, 24℃: RH 27, 43, 65%, 30℃: RH 30, 60%), two noise types (fan and babble noises) and five noise levels (45, 50, 55, 60 and 65 dBA). Three-minute moderate noise exposure did not affect temperature or humidity sensations. However, the temperature and humidity levels affected loudness, annoyance and acoustic preferences when noise was presented as babble. Fan noise perceptions were found to be independent of thermal conditions. Gender differences were clearly found in terms of thermal and psychoacoustic perceptions. Men were more sensitive to hot sensations than women, and women were more sensitive to arid sensations than men. Women were more sensitive to noise levels than men. Gender differences were also found in terms of different types of noise. Men were found to be significantly less sensitive to fan noise than women. Even though psychoacoustic parameters were affected by indoor thermal conditions, thermal parameters were not affected by short-term moderate noise. The combined effect of various types of noise and temperature is still unclear, and this will be considered in a future larger cohort study.

Numerical simulations of flow induced noise from a dual rotor cooling fan used in electronic cooling systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 1308-1319
Author(s):  
Sahan Wasala ◽  
Yutong Xue ◽  
Lon Stevens ◽  
Ted Wiegandt ◽  
Tim Persoons
Keyword(s):  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Cooling Fan ◽  
Flow Induced Noise ◽  
High Level

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) system enclosures in a data center require effective cooling systems to avoid HDD overheating. These systems often rely on air cooling because of their cost effciency and maintainability. Air cooling systems typically consist of an array of axial fans which push or pull the air through the system. These fans emit high level tonal noise particularly at high tip speed ratios. High-capacity HDDs, on the other hand, are sensitive to high acoustic noise, which consequently increases the risk of read/write error and deteriorates drive performance. Therefore, cooling fan noise adversely affects the function of the HDD enclosure systems which emphasizes the need to understand the noise sources and develop methods to mitigate HDD noise exposure.

Design, development and evaluation of Artificial Breathing Capability Device (ABCD): a novel innovation for respiratory support

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Joseph L Mathew ◽  
Manu Sharma ◽  
Ankush Gawri ◽  
Sukesha ◽  
Navin Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peak Inspiratory Pressure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Expiration Time

ObjectiveThe paucity of mechanical ventilators necessitates development of innovative respiratory support devices.MethodsWe developed the Artificial Breathing Capability Device (ABCD) to automate compression of self-inflating bags (SIB), while controlling peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), ventilation rate (VR) and inspiration to expiration time (I:E) ratio (as in a conventional ventilator). ABCD has additional smart features including self-regulatory checks, auto cut-off during cough, endotracheal tube disconnection and blockage alarms, and SIB disconnection alarm. ABCD was tested non-stop for 60 days with 396 user combinations, using adult-size and paediatric-size SIB. The device was evaluated for robustness, reliability and precision.ResultsABCD did not have mechanical, electrical or electronic failures during continuous testing under various ambient conditions, confirming robustness. Reliability and precision evaluated by the proportion of user combinations showing <10% deviation from the set parameters showed: PIP 100%, VR 100% and I:E 84.3% with an adult SIB. The corresponding proportions with a paediatric-size SIB were 85.4%, 100% and 95.5%. With both SIB, the only combinations showing >10% deviation were outside the physiologic range.ConclusionABCD is a safe, efficacious and cost-effective option, which could be considered for adults and children in the context of ventilator shortages especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effects of short- and long-term treatments of sardine (Sardina pilchardus) protein hydrolysates on blood lipid concentrations and antioxidant status, in rats fed cholesterol-enriched diets

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-745
Author(s):  
Nora Athmani ◽  
Allaoui Amine ◽  
Nasri Moncef ◽  
Boualga Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hypercholesterolemic Diet ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Radical Attack

Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A limited number of experimental studies have shown that sardine protein hydrolysates (SPH) could be a very useful natural compound to prevent hy-percholesterolemia by both improving the lipoprotein profile and modula-ting oxidative stress. In the present study, the effect of short and long term treatments with SPH were examined on serum lipid contents, lipid peroxida-tion and antioxidant enzymes activities in rats fed cholesterol-enriched diet. At day 0, rats were divided into five groups. The group of day 0 was the stan-dard group, and the four remaining groups were divided into two parts of two groups each consuming for 14 or 28 days an hypercholesterolemic diet, and treated (HC-SPH) or not (HC) by gavage with SPH. Compared with day 0, serum TC contents were increased at day 14 and remained unchanged at day 28 in HC-SPH group. These values were decreased in HC-SPH versus HC. Liver and heart TBARS concentrations were increased at day 14 then diminished at day 28 in HC-SPH group. Liver and heart SOD and CAT activities were decrea-sed at short term then remained unchanged at long term in HC-SPH group. In addition, these activities were enhanced in HC-SPH versus HC. In conclusion, these results indicate the potential effects of short and long term treatments of SPH to improved cholesterolemia and reduced radical attack in rats fed high-cholesterol diets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document