scholarly journals The role of state and trait anxiety in the processing of facial expressions of emotion

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddy L. Dyer ◽  
Angela S. Attwood ◽  
Ian S. Penton-Voak ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

State anxiety appears to influence facial emotion processing (Attwood et al . 2017 R. Soc. Open Sci. 4 , 160855). We aimed to (i) replicate these findings and (ii) investigate the role of trait anxiety, in an experiment with healthy UK participants ( N = 48, 50% male, 50% high trait anxiety). High and low state anxiety were induced via inhalations of 7.5% carbon dioxide enriched air and medical air, respectively. High state anxiety reduced global emotion recognition accuracy ( p = 0.01, η p 2 = 0.14 ), but it did not affect interpretation bias towards perceiving anger in ambiguous angry–happy facial morphs ( p = 0.18, η p 2 = 0.04 ). We found no clear evidence of a relationship between trait anxiety and global emotion recognition accuracy ( p = 0.60, η p 2 = 0.01 ) or interpretation bias towards perceiving anger ( p = 0.83, η p 2 = 0.01 ). However, there was greater interpretation bias towards perceiving anger (i.e. away from happiness) during heightened state anxiety, among individuals with high trait anxiety ( p = 0.03, d z = 0.33). State anxiety appears to impair emotion recognition accuracy, and among individuals with high trait anxiety, it appears to increase biases towards perceiving anger (away from happiness). Trait anxiety alone does not appear to be associated with facial emotion processing.

scholarly journals During Vigilance to Painful Stimuli: Slower Response Rate Related to High Trait Anxiety, whereas a Faster Response Rate is related to High State Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Meeker ◽  
Nichole M. Emerson ◽  
Jui-Hong Chien ◽  
Mark I. Saffer ◽  
Oscar Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Lower Response Rate ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Over Time

A pathological increase in vigilance, or hypervigilance, may be related to pain intensity in some clinical pain syndromes and may result from attention bias to salient stimuli mediated by anxiety. During a continuous performance task where subjects discriminated painful target stimuli from painful nontargets, we measured detected targets (hits), nondetected targets (misses), nondetected nontargets (correct rejections), and detected nontargets (false alarms). Using signal detection theory, we calculated response bias, the tendency to endorse a stimulus as a target, and discriminability, the ability to discriminate a target from nontarget. Due to the relatively slow rate of stimulus presentation our primary hypothesis was that sustained performance would result in a more conservative response bias reflecting a lower response rate over time on task. We found a more conservative response bias with time on task and no change in discriminability. We predicted that greater state and trait anxiety would lead to a more liberal response bias. A multivariable model provided partial support for our prediction; high trait anxiety related to a more conservative response bias (lower response rate), while high state anxiety related to a more liberal bias. This inverse relationship of state and trait anxiety is consistent with reports of effects of state and trait anxiety on reaction times to threatening stimuli. In sum, we report that sustained attention to painful stimuli was associated with a decrease in the tendency of the subject to respond to any stimulus over time on task, while the ability to discriminate target from nontarget is unchanged.

Effects of cycling exercise on the soleus H-reflex and state anxiety among men with low or high trait anxiety

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Motl ◽  
Patrick J. O'connor ◽  
Rod K. Dishman
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

scholarly journals Depression and anxiety in pet owners after a diagnosis of cancer in their pets: a cross-sectional study in Japan

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e024512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Nakano ◽  
Masato Matsushima ◽  
Azusa Nakamori ◽  
Junshiro Hiroma ◽  
Eiji Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

ObjectiveTo determine the presence and predictors of depression and anxiety in pet owners after a diagnosis of cancer in their pets.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA veterinary medical centre specialised in oncology for dogs and cats and two primary veterinary clinics in Japan.ParticipantsThe participants for analysis were 99 owners of a pet with cancer diagnosis received in the past 1–3 weeks and 94 owners of a healthy pet.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported questionnaires were used to assess depression and anxiety. Depression was assessed using the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and anxiety was measured by using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form JYZ.ResultsDepression scores were significantly higher in owners of a pet with cancer than owners of a healthy pet, even after adjustment for potential confounders (p<0.001). Within the owners of a pet with cancer, depression was significantly more common in those who were employed than those who were unemployed (p=0.048). State anxiety scores were significantly higher in owners of a pet with cancer than owners of a healthy pet, even after adjustment for potential confounders, including trait–anxiety scores (p<0.001). Furthermore, in owners of a pet with cancer, state anxiety was higher in owners with high trait anxiety (p<0.001) and in owners whose pets had a poor prognosis (p=0.027).ConclusionThe results indicate that some owners tended to become depressed and anxious after their pets had received a diagnosis of cancer. Employment may be a predictor of depression. High trait anxiety and a pet with a poor prognosis may increase owners’ state anxiety. Including the pet in a family genogram and attention to the pet’s health condition may be important considerations for family practice.

State-Trait Anxiety and Biofeedback Mediated Control of Peripheral Vasomotor Responses

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Bass ◽  
Wiley Mittenberg ◽  
Jerry Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Finger Skin Temperature ◽  
Vasomotor Control ◽  
Anxiety Trait ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Finger Skin

42 undergraduates completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and then received biofeedback for increases in index finger-skin temperature. Subjects with high-trait anxiety increased their temperature significantly more than subjects with low-trait anxiety. No significant differences were found among state anxiety groups. The results supported the conclusion that predisposition to anxiety (trait), and not situational (state) anxiety, improves peripheral vasomotor control.

Interpretation Bias Featured in Military Personnel with High Trait Anxiety Measured by a Novel Paradigm

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianlan Yin ◽  
Wenpeng Cai ◽  
Xiaoming Zhang ◽  
Aibin Chen ◽  
Xiangrui Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Anxiety Group ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
High Trait ◽  
Positive Valence ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

Abstract Background: Anxiety has become one of the most common psychological problems affecting the combat effectiveness of soldiers. As the generation, maintenance, and recurrence of anxiety have an important interaction with interpretation bias, yet none proof was for the existence of interpretation bias in military personnel.Methods: 112 military officers and soldiers were recruited. Based on scores of the Trait-anxiety Inventory, participants were divided into the high trait anxiety group and the low trait anxiety group. the Picture Sentence Association Paradigm comprised of military-simulated ambiguous scenarios and emotional facial expressions was used to test the differences of the interpretation bias between the two groups.Results: Military personnel with high trait anxiety showed interpretation bias by endorsing more negative valence to the ambiguous scenarios and reject the positive valence. Especially in a self-related scenario, the interpretation bias was more remarkable.Conclusion: This study revealed the existed interpretation bias in military personnel with high trait anxiety using a new paradigm and highlighted the need for further researches to improve the measurement of interpretation bias. Moreover, the picture sentence association paradigm could provide plausible methods for cognitive bias modification to decrease the soldiers’ anxiety.

scholarly journals Interpretation bias of high trait anxiety Chinese military servicemen in ambiguous military scenarios

Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. e18746
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Xiaomin Zhang ◽  
Xiaofei Mao ◽  
Aibin Chen ◽  
Qianlan Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Chinese Military ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

scholarly journals Effects of early institutionalization on emotion processing in 12-year-old youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1749-1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Bick ◽  
Rhiannon Luyster ◽  
Nathan A. Fox ◽  
Charles H. Zeanah ◽  
Charles A. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Institutional Care ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Emotional Facial Expressions ◽  
Fearful Faces

AbstractWe examined facial emotion recognition in 12-year-olds in a longitudinally followed sample of children with and without exposure to early life psychosocial deprivation (institutional care). Half of the institutionally reared children were randomized into foster care homes during the first years of life. Facial emotion recognition was examined in a behavioral task using morphed images. This same task had been administered when children were 8 years old. Neutral facial expressions were morphed with happy, sad, angry, and fearful emotional facial expressions, and children were asked to identify the emotion of each face, which varied in intensity. Consistent with our previous report, we show that some areas of emotion processing, involving the recognition of happy and fearful faces, are affected by early deprivation, whereas other areas, involving the recognition of sad and angry faces, appear to be unaffected. We also show that early intervention can have a lasting positive impact, normalizing developmental trajectories of processing negative emotions (fear) into the late childhood/preadolescent period.

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