scholarly journals During Vigilance to Painful Stimuli: Slower Response Rate Related to High Trait Anxiety, whereas a Faster Response Rate is related to High State Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Meeker ◽  
Nichole M. Emerson ◽  
Jui-Hong Chien ◽  
Mark I. Saffer ◽  
Oscar Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Lower Response Rate ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Over Time

A pathological increase in vigilance, or hypervigilance, may be related to pain intensity in some clinical pain syndromes and may result from attention bias to salient stimuli mediated by anxiety. During a continuous performance task where subjects discriminated painful target stimuli from painful nontargets, we measured detected targets (hits), nondetected targets (misses), nondetected nontargets (correct rejections), and detected nontargets (false alarms). Using signal detection theory, we calculated response bias, the tendency to endorse a stimulus as a target, and discriminability, the ability to discriminate a target from nontarget. Due to the relatively slow rate of stimulus presentation our primary hypothesis was that sustained performance would result in a more conservative response bias reflecting a lower response rate over time on task. We found a more conservative response bias with time on task and no change in discriminability. We predicted that greater state and trait anxiety would lead to a more liberal response bias. A multivariable model provided partial support for our prediction; high trait anxiety related to a more conservative response bias (lower response rate), while high state anxiety related to a more liberal bias. This inverse relationship of state and trait anxiety is consistent with reports of effects of state and trait anxiety on reaction times to threatening stimuli. In sum, we report that sustained attention to painful stimuli was associated with a decrease in the tendency of the subject to respond to any stimulus over time on task, while the ability to discriminate target from nontarget is unchanged.

scholarly journals Anxiety Levels of Primary Caregivers of Children With Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 000992282110406
Author(s):  
Zeynep Reyhan Onay ◽  
Tugba Ramasli Gursoy ◽  
Tugba Sismanlar Eyuboglu ◽  
Ayse Tana Aslan ◽  
Azime Sebnem Soysal Acar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Moment State

We aim to evaluate the anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy during the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic. Caregivers of 31 children with tracheostomy and 105 healthy children (control group) were included. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered via teleconference in order to investigate how participants describe how they feel at a particular moment (State) and how they generally feel (Trait). The trait anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy were significantly higher ( P = .02). Their state anxiety levels were similar. The state and trait anxiety levels of caregivers of children with tracheostomy correlated ( r = 0.70, P < .001). At the end of the teleconference, caregivers of children with tracheostomy experienced greater anxiety relief than controls ( P < .001). Trait anxiety scores were higher among caregivers of children with tracheostomy, but their state anxiety levels were comparable to those of controls. Caregivers with high trait anxiety also exhibited high state anxiety. Informing caregivers of children with tracheostomy about COVID-19 via teleconference can reduce their anxiety during such stressful times.

Effects of cycling exercise on the soleus H-reflex and state anxiety among men with low or high trait anxiety

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Motl ◽  
Patrick J. O'connor ◽  
Rod K. Dishman
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

Trait and State Anxiety in People Who Stutter and People Who Do Not Stutter

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Palasik ◽  
Farzan Irani ◽  
Alexander M. Goberman
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Recording Session ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Trait And State Anxiety ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Previous research suggests that people who stutter (PWS) tend to have heightened general anxiety (i.e., trait anxiety) and situational anxiety (i.e., state anxiety) compared to people who do not stutter (PWDS). Most research with anxiety and stuttering utilizes self-perception scales; however, few studies have looked at anxiety over time. The current study examined self-reported state and trait anxiety in PWS and PWDS over six weeks, along with an investigation of the effects of audio-recording on anxiety. Results indicated no significant group differences in trait (general) anxiety over six weeks; however trends indicated that PWS may have increased trait anxiety compared to PWDS. Furthermore, for both groups, state (situational) anxiety was lower after a recording session compared to before.

scholarly journals Depression and anxiety in pet owners after a diagnosis of cancer in their pets: a cross-sectional study in Japan

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e024512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Nakano ◽  
Masato Matsushima ◽  
Azusa Nakamori ◽  
Junshiro Hiroma ◽  
Eiji Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

ObjectiveTo determine the presence and predictors of depression and anxiety in pet owners after a diagnosis of cancer in their pets.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA veterinary medical centre specialised in oncology for dogs and cats and two primary veterinary clinics in Japan.ParticipantsThe participants for analysis were 99 owners of a pet with cancer diagnosis received in the past 1–3 weeks and 94 owners of a healthy pet.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported questionnaires were used to assess depression and anxiety. Depression was assessed using the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and anxiety was measured by using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form JYZ.ResultsDepression scores were significantly higher in owners of a pet with cancer than owners of a healthy pet, even after adjustment for potential confounders (p<0.001). Within the owners of a pet with cancer, depression was significantly more common in those who were employed than those who were unemployed (p=0.048). State anxiety scores were significantly higher in owners of a pet with cancer than owners of a healthy pet, even after adjustment for potential confounders, including trait–anxiety scores (p<0.001). Furthermore, in owners of a pet with cancer, state anxiety was higher in owners with high trait anxiety (p<0.001) and in owners whose pets had a poor prognosis (p=0.027).ConclusionThe results indicate that some owners tended to become depressed and anxious after their pets had received a diagnosis of cancer. Employment may be a predictor of depression. High trait anxiety and a pet with a poor prognosis may increase owners’ state anxiety. Including the pet in a family genogram and attention to the pet’s health condition may be important considerations for family practice.

scholarly journals Effect of State and Trait Anxiety and Prestige of Model on Imitation

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Bauer ◽  
Robert S. Schlottmann ◽  
J. Vance Bates ◽  
Mark A. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Response Style ◽  
High State ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Model Condition ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Prestige

This study investigated the effects of state and trait anxiety on subjects' imitation of prestigious models. Female undergraduates were administered the Trait-anxiety scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and were then subjected either to anxiety inductions or relaxation procedures to manipulate state-anxiety levels. Four groups of 30 subjects each were obtained: high trait-high state, low trait-low state, high trait-low state, and low trait-high state. Subjects were then exposed to either a model of high prestige, one of low prestige, or a no-model condition. A visual fixation measure was taken to determine the amount of time subjects actually spent observing the model. A significant correlation was found between time spent observing the model and time taken to complete the maze. Subjects observing the model of high prestige tended to imitate the model's response style more than subjects observing one low in prestige. Highly trait-anxious subjects imitated more than low trait-anxious subjects when exposed to the model high in prestige. Since this study used only females, inferences to males should be made cautiously.

State-Trait Anxiety and Biofeedback Mediated Control of Peripheral Vasomotor Responses

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Bass ◽  
Wiley Mittenberg ◽  
Jerry Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Finger Skin Temperature ◽  
Vasomotor Control ◽  
Anxiety Trait ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Finger Skin

42 undergraduates completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and then received biofeedback for increases in index finger-skin temperature. Subjects with high-trait anxiety increased their temperature significantly more than subjects with low-trait anxiety. No significant differences were found among state anxiety groups. The results supported the conclusion that predisposition to anxiety (trait), and not situational (state) anxiety, improves peripheral vasomotor control.

scholarly journals The role of state and trait anxiety in the processing of facial expressions of emotion

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddy L. Dyer ◽  
Angela S. Attwood ◽  
Ian S. Penton-Voak ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

State anxiety appears to influence facial emotion processing (Attwood et al . 2017 R. Soc. Open Sci. 4 , 160855). We aimed to (i) replicate these findings and (ii) investigate the role of trait anxiety, in an experiment with healthy UK participants ( N = 48, 50% male, 50% high trait anxiety). High and low state anxiety were induced via inhalations of 7.5% carbon dioxide enriched air and medical air, respectively. High state anxiety reduced global emotion recognition accuracy ( p = 0.01, η p 2 = 0.14 ), but it did not affect interpretation bias towards perceiving anger in ambiguous angry–happy facial morphs ( p = 0.18, η p 2 = 0.04 ). We found no clear evidence of a relationship between trait anxiety and global emotion recognition accuracy ( p = 0.60, η p 2 = 0.01 ) or interpretation bias towards perceiving anger ( p = 0.83, η p 2 = 0.01 ). However, there was greater interpretation bias towards perceiving anger (i.e. away from happiness) during heightened state anxiety, among individuals with high trait anxiety ( p = 0.03, d z = 0.33). State anxiety appears to impair emotion recognition accuracy, and among individuals with high trait anxiety, it appears to increase biases towards perceiving anger (away from happiness). Trait anxiety alone does not appear to be associated with facial emotion processing.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Anxiety in Instrumental and Vocal Performances

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Hamann
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
The State ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Performance Conditions ◽  
Recorded Performances ◽  
Anxiety Condition

This study investigated the effect of anxiety in musical performance and assessed the quality of subjects' performances under enhanced and reduced anxious situations. Ninety subjects, 15 in each of five instrumental areas and one vocal area, performed one composition of their choice in an enhanced and a reduced anxiety condition. All performances were recorded. Three adjudicators evaluated recorded performances for musical quality. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the State-Trait Personality Inventory were administered to determine state and trait anxiety, curiosity, and anger under both performance conditions. A questionnaire was administered to collect additional data. From analyses of the data, it was found that performance condition with subjects' years of formal training was significantly related in its effect on judged performance quality (p < .05); subjects with high trait anxiety and curiosity exhibited significant increases in state anxiety and curiosity (p < .05); and subjects performing in enhanced anxiety situations exhibited significant increases in state anxiety and anger (p < .05).

scholarly journals A machine learning approach to identifying objective biomarkers of anxiety and stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Ramakrishnan ◽  
Adam Pardes ◽  
William Lynch ◽  
Christopher Molaro ◽  
Michael Louis Platt
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

AbstractAnxiety and stress-related disorders are highly prevalent and debilitating conditions that impose an enormous burden on society. Sensitive measurements that can enable early diagnosis could mitigate suffering and potentially prevent onset of these conditions. Self-reports, however, are intrusive and vulnerable to biases that can conceal the true internal state. Physiological responses, on the other hand, manifest spontaneously and can be monitored continuously, providing potential objective biomarkers for anxiety and stress. Recent studies have shown that algorithms trained on physiological measurements can predict stress states with high accuracy. Whether these predictive algorithms generalize to untested situations and participants, however, remains unclear. Further, whether biomarkers of momentary stress indicate trait anxiety – a vulnerability foreshadowing development of anxiety and mood disorders – remains unknown. To address these gaps, we monitored skin conductance, heart rate, heart rate variability and EEG in 39 participants experiencing physical and social stress and compared these measures to non-stressful periods of talking, rest, and playing a simple video game. Self-report measures were obtained periodically throughout the experiment. A support vector machine trained on physiological measurements identified stress conditions with ~96% accuracy. A decision tree that optimally combined physiological and self-report measures identified individuals with high trait anxiety with ~84% accuracy. Individuals with high trait anxiety also displayed high baseline state anxiety but a muted physiological response to acute stressors. Overall, these results demonstrate the potential for using machine learning tools to identify objective biomarkers useful for diagnosing and monitoring mental health conditions like anxiety and depression.

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