State-Trait Anxiety and Biofeedback Mediated Control of Peripheral Vasomotor Responses

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Bass ◽  
Wiley Mittenberg ◽  
Jerry Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Finger Skin Temperature ◽  
Vasomotor Control ◽  
Anxiety Trait ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Finger Skin

42 undergraduates completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and then received biofeedback for increases in index finger-skin temperature. Subjects with high-trait anxiety increased their temperature significantly more than subjects with low-trait anxiety. No significant differences were found among state anxiety groups. The results supported the conclusion that predisposition to anxiety (trait), and not situational (state) anxiety, improves peripheral vasomotor control.

scholarly journals During Vigilance to Painful Stimuli: Slower Response Rate Related to High Trait Anxiety, whereas a Faster Response Rate is related to High State Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J Meeker ◽  
Nichole M. Emerson ◽  
Jui-Hong Chien ◽  
Mark I. Saffer ◽  
Oscar Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Time On Task ◽  
Lower Response Rate ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety ◽  
Over Time

A pathological increase in vigilance, or hypervigilance, may be related to pain intensity in some clinical pain syndromes and may result from attention bias to salient stimuli mediated by anxiety. During a continuous performance task where subjects discriminated painful target stimuli from painful nontargets, we measured detected targets (hits), nondetected targets (misses), nondetected nontargets (correct rejections), and detected nontargets (false alarms). Using signal detection theory, we calculated response bias, the tendency to endorse a stimulus as a target, and discriminability, the ability to discriminate a target from nontarget. Due to the relatively slow rate of stimulus presentation our primary hypothesis was that sustained performance would result in a more conservative response bias reflecting a lower response rate over time on task. We found a more conservative response bias with time on task and no change in discriminability. We predicted that greater state and trait anxiety would lead to a more liberal response bias. A multivariable model provided partial support for our prediction; high trait anxiety related to a more conservative response bias (lower response rate), while high state anxiety related to a more liberal bias. This inverse relationship of state and trait anxiety is consistent with reports of effects of state and trait anxiety on reaction times to threatening stimuli. In sum, we report that sustained attention to painful stimuli was associated with a decrease in the tendency of the subject to respond to any stimulus over time on task, while the ability to discriminate target from nontarget is unchanged.

Effects of cycling exercise on the soleus H-reflex and state anxiety among men with low or high trait anxiety

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Motl ◽  
Patrick J. O'connor ◽  
Rod K. Dishman
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

scholarly journals Depression and anxiety in pet owners after a diagnosis of cancer in their pets: a cross-sectional study in Japan

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. e024512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Nakano ◽  
Masato Matsushima ◽  
Azusa Nakamori ◽  
Junshiro Hiroma ◽  
Eiji Matsuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pet Owners ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

ObjectiveTo determine the presence and predictors of depression and anxiety in pet owners after a diagnosis of cancer in their pets.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA veterinary medical centre specialised in oncology for dogs and cats and two primary veterinary clinics in Japan.ParticipantsThe participants for analysis were 99 owners of a pet with cancer diagnosis received in the past 1–3 weeks and 94 owners of a healthy pet.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported questionnaires were used to assess depression and anxiety. Depression was assessed using the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and anxiety was measured by using the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form JYZ.ResultsDepression scores were significantly higher in owners of a pet with cancer than owners of a healthy pet, even after adjustment for potential confounders (p<0.001). Within the owners of a pet with cancer, depression was significantly more common in those who were employed than those who were unemployed (p=0.048). State anxiety scores were significantly higher in owners of a pet with cancer than owners of a healthy pet, even after adjustment for potential confounders, including trait–anxiety scores (p<0.001). Furthermore, in owners of a pet with cancer, state anxiety was higher in owners with high trait anxiety (p<0.001) and in owners whose pets had a poor prognosis (p=0.027).ConclusionThe results indicate that some owners tended to become depressed and anxious after their pets had received a diagnosis of cancer. Employment may be a predictor of depression. High trait anxiety and a pet with a poor prognosis may increase owners’ state anxiety. Including the pet in a family genogram and attention to the pet’s health condition may be important considerations for family practice.

scholarly journals ingkat Kecemasan Pasien Post Operasi yang Mengalami Fraktur Ekstremitas

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seviya Gani Maisyaroh ◽  
Urip Rahayu ◽  
Siti Yuyun Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
School Level ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Anxiety Trait ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety

Kecemasan merupakan salah satu masalah psikologis yang dialami oleh pasien fraktur ekstremitas setelah dilakukannya pembedahan. Kecemasan yang tidak teratasi akan berdampak pada lamanya proses penyembuhan, akan tetapi data kecemasan pasien post operasi masih belum jelas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kecemasan pasien post operasi fraktur ekstremitas berdasarkan karakteristik pasien. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan jumlah sampel 46 orang yang diambil dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Tingkat kecemasan dikategorikan menjadi ringan, sedang, dan berat. didapatkan bahwa state anxiety paling banyak berada pada tingkat sedang 54,3% dan trait anxiety paling banyak berada pada tingkat ringan 60,9%. Terdapat 46,4% responden yang memiliki state anxiety sedang berasal dari trait anxiety ringan. Berdasarkan karakteristik baik pada state anxiety ataupun trait anxiety, kecemasan berat dialami oleh pasien usia dewasa awal, perempuan, berpendidikan terakhir SMP dan SMA, bekerja sebagai pegawai swasta, belum pernah menjalani operasi sebelumnya, lokasi fraktur pada bagian ekstremitas bawah, dan merasakan nyeri sedang. Kondisi post operasi fraktur ekstremitas menjadi faktor yang dapat memengaruhi kecemasan. Terlihat dari pasien yang memiliki state anxiety yang sedang, memiliki trait anxiety yang ringan. Maka disarankan bagi perawat untuk melakukan pengkajian dan penanganan kecemasan terhadap state anxiety dan trait anxiety.Kata kunci: Fraktur ekstremitas, post operasi, state anxiety, trait anxiety.Anxiety Levels of Patients with Extremity Fractures after SurgeryAbstractAnxiety is one of the psychological problems experienced by patients with extremity fractures after undergoing surgery. Anxiety that is not managed well will have an impact on the recovery process. However, anxiety in patients with extremity fractures is not well understood. The aim of this study was to determine the anxiety level of patients with extremity fractures after surgery based on the patients’ characteristics. This study used descriptive quantitative method. Fourty six patients were recruited in this study by consecutive sampling technique. The data was collected by STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) quetionnaires. Anxiety levels were categorized into mild, moderate, and severe. The results showed that 54.3% of patients experienced state anxiety at a moderate level, and 60.9% had trait anxiety at a mild level. There were 46.4% of the patients whose moderate state anxiety originated from mild trait anxiety. Based on the characteristics of both state and trait anxiety, severe anxiety was experienced by young adults, women, patients with secondary school-level educational background, private employees, patients who have never had surgery before, patients with lower extremity fractures and patients in moderate pain. The postoperative state of extremity fractures is a factor that affects anxiety. Patients who had moderate state anxiety were found to also have mild trait anxiety.  Thus, assessment and intervention of anxiety should be conducted on both state and trait anxiety.  Key words: Extremity fracture, post-operative, state anxiety, trait anxiety.

scholarly journals Estresse e ansiedade em atletas universitários de handebol no Estado de São Paulo

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Rubens Venditti Júnior ◽  
Rômulo Dantas Alves ◽  
Ivan Wallan Tertuliano ◽  
Vivian De Oliveira ◽  
Gustavo Lima Isler
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Stress Process ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Anxiety Trait ◽  
University Athletes

Introdução: A competição é intrínseca ao esporte e pode gerar estados emocionais variados, com o potencial de influenciar o rendimento. Dentre estes, a ansiedade aparece como elemento emocional e, em conjunto com o processo de estresse, se configuram como aspectos psicológicos a serem observados. Estes aspectos não são diferentes no esporte universitário e aparecem intensamente nos períodos das competições. Objetivo: Identificar o nível de ansiedade-traço, ansiedade-estado e de estresse em atletas universitários de handebol de duas equipes diferentes do interior do estado de São Paulo. Métodos: A amostra deste estudo foi composta por 22 atletas universitários de handebol, do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 21±1,8 anos. Os atletas responderam ao “Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado” (IDATE) e ao “Situações de Stress no Handebol” (SSH). Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que as situações mais citadas pelos atletas como causadoras de estresse foram: “errar tiros de 7m em momentos decisivos do jogo”; “estar perdendo para equipe tecnicamente inferior”; “errar um arremesso completamente livre”; “arbitragem prejudicar minha equipe”; “ser excluído nos momentos decisivos da partida” e “sofrer gol devido à falha defensiva”. Em relação à ansiedade, os resultados demonstraram que todos os atletas demonstraram, de forma geral, níveis de ansiedade-traço e ansiedade-estado considerados moderados (36,59 e 41,45, respectivamente). Conclusão: Diante dos resultados, pode-se tecer que os atletas investigados apresentaram algumas situações de jogo como estressores e que, em relação a ansiedade, os níveis dos atletas encontram-se moderados.ABSTRACT. Stress and anxiety in handball college athletes. Background: Competition is intrinsic to sport and can generate so many emotional states with the potential to influence performance. Among these states, anxiety appears as emotional element and, in addiction with stress process, they configure themselves as psychological aspects to be observed. These aspects are not different in college sports scope and appear intensively at competition´s periods. Objective: To identify the level of trait anxiety, state anxiety and stress process in university handball athletes of two different teams at São Paulo State in Brazil. Methods: The sample of this study was composed of 22 male handball university athletes, with a mean age of 21±1.8 years. The athletes answered to the “State-Trait Anxiety Inventory” (STAI) and to “Situations of Stress in Handball” (SSH). Results: The results indicated that the situations most cited by athletes as causing stress were: “miss 7-meter shots at decisive moments of the game”; “Being lost to technically inferior staff”; “Miss a pitch completely free”; “Arbitration hamper my team”; “To be excluded in the decisive moments of the game” and “to concede a goal due to defensive failure”. Concerning anxiety, the results showed that all athletes showed, in general, levels of anxiety-trait and anxiety-state considered moderate (36.59 and 41.45, respectively). Conclusion: In view of the results, it can be seen that the athletes investigated presented some situations of play as stressors and that, in relation to anxiety, the levels of the athletes are moderate.

scholarly journals Psychological Benefits of Walking through Forest Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chorong Song ◽  
Harumi Ikei ◽  
Bum-Jin Park ◽  
Juyoung Lee ◽  
Takahide Kagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
Psychological Responses ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Psychological Benefits ◽  
Effective Reduction ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

This study aimed to clarify the psychological benefits of brief walks through forest areas. In addition, we aimed to examine the associations between psychological responses and trait anxiety levels. Five-hundred-and-eighty-five participants (mean age, 21.7 ± 1.6 years) were instructed to walk predetermined courses through forest (test) and city (control) areas for 15 min. The Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaire and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to assess participants’ psychological responses and trait anxiety levels, respectively. The results revealed that walking through forest areas decreased the negative moods of “depression-dejection”, “tension-anxiety”, “anger-hostility”, “fatigue”, and “confusion” and improved the participants’ positive mood of “vigor” compared with walking through city areas. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between participants’ trait anxiety levels and their changes in the subscale of “depression-dejection” of POMS after walking through forest areas. A more effective reduction in the feeling of “depression-dejection” after walking through forest areas was observed for participants with high trait anxiety levels than for those with normal and low trait anxiety levels. This study showed the psychological benefits of walking through forest areas and identified a significant correlation between psychological responses to walking through forests and trait anxiety levels.

scholarly journals Effect of State and Trait Anxiety and Prestige of Model on Imitation

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory P. Bauer ◽  
Robert S. Schlottmann ◽  
J. Vance Bates ◽  
Mark A. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Response Style ◽  
High State ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Model Condition ◽  
State And Trait Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Prestige

This study investigated the effects of state and trait anxiety on subjects' imitation of prestigious models. Female undergraduates were administered the Trait-anxiety scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and were then subjected either to anxiety inductions or relaxation procedures to manipulate state-anxiety levels. Four groups of 30 subjects each were obtained: high trait-high state, low trait-low state, high trait-low state, and low trait-high state. Subjects were then exposed to either a model of high prestige, one of low prestige, or a no-model condition. A visual fixation measure was taken to determine the amount of time subjects actually spent observing the model. A significant correlation was found between time spent observing the model and time taken to complete the maze. Subjects observing the model of high prestige tended to imitate the model's response style more than subjects observing one low in prestige. Highly trait-anxious subjects imitated more than low trait-anxious subjects when exposed to the model high in prestige. Since this study used only females, inferences to males should be made cautiously.

Resting metabolic rate is influenced by anxiety in college men

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 638-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Schmidt ◽  
P. J. O'Connor ◽  
J. B. Cochrane ◽  
M. Cantwell
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Male College ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Trait ◽  
Anxious Group

The effects of psychological parameters on resting metabolic rate (RMR) have been inadequately researched. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between anxiety and RMR. Seventy-nine male college students completed the trait portion (form Y-2) of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (C. D. Spielberger, R. L. Gorsuch, R. Lushene, P. R. Vagg, and G. A. Jacobs. Self-evaluation questionnaire (form Y). In: Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto, CA, Consulting Psychologists Press, 1983) as a screening. Volunteers whose trait anxiety scores were = or = 1 SD above (52.7 +/- 2.7, n = 9) or below (26.5 +/- 3.0, n = 11) the male college student normal values (38 +/- 9) participated in the study. Fat-free weight was assessed using a seven-site skinfold equation (A. S. Jackson and M. L. Pollock. Phys. Sports Med. 13: 76-90, 1985). Resting metabolism was measured (Sensormedics metabolic cart model 2900) at two separate trials (1-2 wk apart) in the early morning after a 12-h fast and 36 h postexercise. An analysis of covariance with fat-free weight as the covariate revealed a significantly greater (P < 0.005) RMR in the high trait anxious group than in the low trait anxious group. State anxiety (form Y-1) assessments made before and after each RMR measurement revealed a significant main effect of group such that state anxiety was higher in the high trait anxious than in the low trait anxious group for both trials before and after RMR measurement. Moreover, a significant (P < 0.003) main effect for the time factor was found showing that state anxiety was reduced after the RMR procedure. The results of this study show that a statistically significant portion of the variance in RMR can be accounted for by individual differences in anxiety.

scholarly journals The role of state and trait anxiety in the processing of facial expressions of emotion

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maddy L. Dyer ◽  
Angela S. Attwood ◽  
Ian S. Penton-Voak ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Emotion Processing ◽  
Interpretation Bias ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
High Trait ◽  
High Trait Anxiety

State anxiety appears to influence facial emotion processing (Attwood et al . 2017 R. Soc. Open Sci. 4 , 160855). We aimed to (i) replicate these findings and (ii) investigate the role of trait anxiety, in an experiment with healthy UK participants ( N = 48, 50% male, 50% high trait anxiety). High and low state anxiety were induced via inhalations of 7.5% carbon dioxide enriched air and medical air, respectively. High state anxiety reduced global emotion recognition accuracy ( p = 0.01, η p 2 = 0.14 ), but it did not affect interpretation bias towards perceiving anger in ambiguous angry–happy facial morphs ( p = 0.18, η p 2 = 0.04 ). We found no clear evidence of a relationship between trait anxiety and global emotion recognition accuracy ( p = 0.60, η p 2 = 0.01 ) or interpretation bias towards perceiving anger ( p = 0.83, η p 2 = 0.01 ). However, there was greater interpretation bias towards perceiving anger (i.e. away from happiness) during heightened state anxiety, among individuals with high trait anxiety ( p = 0.03, d z = 0.33). State anxiety appears to impair emotion recognition accuracy, and among individuals with high trait anxiety, it appears to increase biases towards perceiving anger (away from happiness). Trait anxiety alone does not appear to be associated with facial emotion processing.

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