Hydridization and catalysis by lanthanide films
Hydrogen absorption to give the dihydrides MH 2+1 containing interstitial hydrogen H i has been studied for the metals Gd, Dy, Er, Yb and Lu in the form of films deposited in ultra-high vacuum on glass. Film areas were determined by Kr adsorption, and hydrogen content, in particular interstitial hydrogen H i , characterized by gas uptake, temperature programmed desorption, electrical conductivity and work function measurements by the diode method. The catalytic activity of the dihydride films for the H 2 + D 2 → 2HD reaction was studied at a pressure of 1.1 Torr over 175-579 K, and at 273 K over 0.19-6.2 Torr. Arrhenius plots for the rate constant show a low temperature low activation energy region changing over at a temperature T c to a higher temperature higher activation energy régime, with T c on average for the five metals about 50 K below the temperature T max at which the interstitial hydrogen H i has disappeared. The suggested mechanisms are T < T c : D 2 + H i □ s → (D 2 H i )□ s → □ s D i + HD, (1) T > T c : D 2 + H 2 + 4□ s → 2(D i □ s ) (H i □ s ) → 4□ s + 2HD, (2) where H i □ s , D i □ s , denotes a hydrogen, deuterium, atom held on a surface octahedral site in the f. c. c. metal sublattice. These mechanisms agree with the observed approximate first-order pressure dependency down to 77 K. The rate constants at both 273 K (under T c ) and 573 K (over T c ) decrease over Gd, Dy, Er, to Yb, and rise again to Lu, and this is discussed in terms of the metal-hydrogen, H i □ s or D i □ s bond strength.