Development of a dynamic decohesion criterion for subsonic fracture of the interface between two dissimilar materials

1995 ◽  
Vol 451 (1943) ◽  
pp. 711-736 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Complex Stress ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Dynamic Crack ◽  
Shear Wave Speed ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Lateral Shearing Interferometer

We present findings of an experimental study of dynamic decohesion of bimaterial systems composed of constituents with a large material property mismatch. Poly-methylmethacrylate (PMMA)-steel and PMMA-aluminium bimaterial fracture specimens were used. Dynamic one-point bend loading was accomplished with a drop-weight tower device (for low and intermediate loading rates) or a high-speed gas gun (for high loading rates). High-speed interferometric measurements were made using the lateral shearing interferometer of coherent gradient sensing in conjunction with high-speed photography. Very high crack propagation speeds (terminal crack-tip speeds up to 1.5 c s PMMA , where c s PMMA is the shear wave speed of PMMA) and high accelerations (of about 10 7 g , where g is the acceleration of gravity) were observed and are reported. Issues regarding data analysis of the high-speed interferograms are discussed. The effects of near-tip three-dimensionality are also analysed. Dynamic complex stress factor histories are obtained by fitting the experimental data to available asymptotic crack-tip fields. A dynamic crack growth criterion for crack growth along bimaterial interfaces is proposed. In the subsonic regime of crack growth it is seen that the opening and shearing displacements behind the propagating crack tip remain constant and equal to their value at initiation, i.e. the crack retains a self-similar profile during crack growth at any speed. This forms the basis of the proposed dynamic interfacial fracture criterion.

Subsonic and Intersonic Failure of Composites: High-Speed Optical and Thermographic Measurements and Numerical Simulations

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Rosakis ◽  
D. Coker ◽  
C. Yu ◽  
M. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Shear Crack ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Crack Face ◽  
Shear Wave Speed

Abstract In this paper dynamic fracture behavior of unidirectional graphite-epoxy composite plates is investigated experimentally and numerically. Crack propagation experiments are conducted on thick unidirectional graphite-epoxy composite plates subjected to in-plane, symmetric and asymmetric, impact loading. The coherent gradient sensing technique (CGS) is used in conjunction with high-speed photography to visualize the crack growth events. Cracks are found to propagate at subsonic speeds in the Mode-I case, whereas in both mixed mode and Mode-II the crack tip speed clearly exceeds the shear wave speed of the laminate. In the case of symmetric loading (Mode-I), the crack tip speeds approach the Rayleigh wave speed of the composite (1500 m/s), however it never exceeds it as predicted by asymptotic analysis. The situation is found to be entirely different for growing shear (Mode-II) cracks. A shock wave emanating from the crack tip is observed in the optical patterns. This provides direct evidence that the crack propagates faster than the shear wave speed of the composite. The crack tip speed is then observed to jump to a level close to the axial longitudinal wave speed along the fibers (7500 m/s) and then to stabilize to a lower level of approximately 6500 m/s. This speed corresponds to the speed at which the energy release rate required for shear crack growth is non-zero as determined from asymptotic analysis. The CGS interferograms also reveal the existence of large-scale frictional contact of the crack faces behind the moving shear cracks. In addition high speed thermographic measurements are conducted that show concentrated hot spots behind the crack tip indicating crack face frictional contact. Finally, these experiments are modeled by a detailed dynamic finite element calculation involving cohesive elements, newly developed adaptive remeshing using subdivision and edge collapse, composites element, and penalty contact. The numerical calculations are calibrated on the basis of fundamental material properties measured in the laboratory. The numerical methodology is subsequently validated by direct comparison to optical experimental measurements (crack speed record and near tip deformation field structure). For shear crack growth the numerics also reveal the experimentally observed shock wave structure and confirm the optical observation of large-scale crack face contact.

scholarly journals Temperature dependent crack initiation of 42CrMo4 steel at high loading rates

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Sebastian Henschel ◽  
Lutz KrÜger
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Crack Initiation ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Initiation Toughness ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Dynamic Crack ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
42Crmo4 Steel

Dynamic crack initiation with crack tip loading rates K˙ of approximately 2 ‧ 106 MPa√ms− in high-strength 42CrMo4 steel was investigated. To this end, a recently developed split Hopkinson pressure bar with four-point bending was utilized. V-notched and precracked Charpy specimens were tested. The tests were performed at temperatures of –40 °C and 20 °C. The loading of the specimen was determined by analyzing the strain in the incident and transmission bars. Furthermore, strain gauges at the specimen’s surface were applied to measure the crack tip loading. High-speed photography complemented the analysis of the specimens loading and the detection of the crack initiation. Fracture surface analysis by means of scanning electron microscopy enabled the measurement of the fracture surface topography and, consequently, stretch zone height and width. Hence, the macroscopically measured dynamic crack initiation toughness was correlated with the toughness at microscopic scale. It was observed that the resistance against dynamic crack initiation decreased with decreasing temperature. Microscopically, a decrease in toughness was analogously observed. Non-metallic inclusions resulted in crack path deflection with localized shear zones. After a small stable crack extension, cleavage fracture was observed.

Subsonic and Intersonic Dynamic Crack Growth in Unidirectional Composites

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demirkan Coker ◽  
Ares J. Rosakis ◽  
Yonggang Y. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Crack Growth ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Mode Ii ◽  
Fiber Direction ◽  
High Speed Photography ◽  
Dynamic Crack ◽  
Dynamic Crack Growth ◽  
Shear Wave Speed

Abstract Some recent experimental observations of highly dynamic crack growth events in thick unidirectional graphite fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composite plates are presented. The composite plates were symmetrically (mode-I) and asymmetrically (mode-II) loaded in a one-point bend configuration with an edge pre-notch machined in the fiber direction. The lateral shearing interferometric technique of coherent gradient sensing (CGS) was used in conjunction with high-speed photography. Symmetric, mode-I cracks initiated at 1300 m/s and subsequently accelerated up to the Rayleigh wave speed but never exceeded it. For asymmetric, Mode-II types of loading, the results reveal highly unstable and intersonic, shear-dominated crack growth along the fibers. The intersonic cracks propagated with unprecedented speeds reaching 7400 m/s, more than three times the shear wave speed of the composite, and featured a shock wave structure typical of disturbances travelling with speeds higher than one of the characteristic wave speeds in the solid.

scholarly journals An approach to analysis of dynamic crack growth at bimaterial interface

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Nikolic ◽  
Jelena Djokovic
Keyword(s):  
Asymptotic Analysis ◽  
Strain Field ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Bimaterial Interface ◽  
Dynamic Crack ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Shear Wave Speed ◽  
Propagating Crack

In this paper is presented the new approach to asymptotic analysis of the stress and strain fields around a crack tip that is propagating dynamically along a bimaterial interface. Through asymptotic analysis the problem is being reduced to solving the Riemann-Hilbert's problem, what yields the strain potential that is used for determination of the strain field around a crack tip. The considered field is that of a dynamically propagating crack with a speed that is between zero and shear wave speed of the less stiffer of the two materials, bound along the interface. Using the new approach in asymptotic analysis of the strain field around a tip of a dynamically propagating crack and possibilities offered by the Mathematica programming package, the results are obtained that are compared to both experimental and numerical results on the dynamic interfacial fracture known from the literature. This comparison showed that it is necessary to apply the complete expression obtained by asymptotic analysis of optical data and not only its first term as it was done in previous analyses.

scholarly journals Study on the Fracture Process Zone near the Mode I Dynamic Crack Tip

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chenmeng Ji ◽  
Chengzhi Qi
Keyword(s):  
Approximate Method ◽  
Fracture Process ◽  
Fracture Process Zone ◽  
Process Zone ◽  
Crack Problem ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Complex Stress ◽  
Mode I ◽  
Dynamic Crack ◽  
Stress Function Method

Evaluation of the shape and size of the fracture process zone near the mode I dynamic crack tip is still a problem unsolved completely at present. The research on the relationship between the fracture process zone and crack velocity near the mode I dynamic crack tip is quite limited, and some researchers have also developed experimental methods or numerical methods. In this research, based on the theory of elastodynamics and the complex stress function method, an approximate method for solving the mode I dynamic crack problem was proposed. The fracture process zone near the mode I dynamic crack tip was analyzed. The results showed that the areas of the fracture process zone determined based on the approximate method are nearly the same as the results obtained based on the well-known stress fields. The approximate method could provide a good reference for determining the fracture process zone near the mode I dynamic crack tip since no analytic methods had been found for evaluating the fracture process zone near the dynamic crack tip to the authors’ knowledge.

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