scholarly journals An instability of the standard model of cosmology creates the anomalous acceleration without dark energy

2017 ◽  
Vol 473 (2207) ◽  
pp. 20160887
Author(s):  
Joel Smoller ◽  
Blake Temple ◽  
Zeke Vogler
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Phase Portrait ◽  
Simple Wave ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Rest Point ◽  
Spherically Symmetric Solutions ◽  
Anomalous Acceleration

We identify the condition for smoothness at the centre of spherically symmetric solutions of Einstein’s original equations without the cosmological constant or dark energy. We use this to derive a universal phase portrait which describes general, smooth, spherically symmetric solutions near the centre of symmetry when the pressure p =0. In this phase portrait, the critical k =0 Friedmann space–time appears as a saddle rest point which is unstable to spherical perturbations. This raises the question as to whether the Friedmann space–time is observable by redshift versus luminosity measurements looking outwards from any point. The unstable manifold of the saddle rest point corresponding to Friedmann describes the evolution of local uniformly expanding space–times whose accelerations closely mimic the effects of dark energy. A unique simple wave perturbation from the radiation epoch is shown to trigger the instability, match the accelerations of dark energy up to second order and distinguish the theory from dark energy at third order. In this sense, anomalous accelerations are not only consistent with Einstein’s original theory of general relativity, but are a prediction of it without the cosmological constant or dark energy.

Nonvibrating energy strings as fundamental building blocks of space and particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-352
Author(s):  
Albert Zur (Albo)
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Displacement Vector ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Accelerated Expansion ◽  
Absolute Space ◽  
Position Space ◽  
3D Space ◽  
The Universe

In the proposed Energy String (ES) theory, we assume the existence of fundamental energy strings forming a generally Euclidean four-dimensional fabric of empty space as well as forming all types of particles in the universe. The 4D space fabric is composed of space energy strings bearing dark-energy as well as a newly described dark-momentum. Particles are composed of particle energy strings which interact with space energy strings inducing three-dimensional space curvatures embedded in a flat fourth-space dimension. The induced space curvatures are responsible for gravity of particles and assign a longitudinal and a transverse direction to particles. The proposed ES theory yields an adapted model of the universe with remarkable teachings as follows: (1) The fabric of space and related dark-energy are associated with a newly defined dark-momentum. This dark momentum is the sole contributor to the cosmological constant Λ in Einstein's field equations which describes the accelerated expansion of the universe. The energy of the quantum vacuum becomes nonrelevant to the cosmological constant Λ, enabling a solution to the “Cosmological Constant Problem”; (2) All particles perform an equal distance of translatory displacement in 4D-space, reflecting a universal displacement rate of particles relative to an absolute generally Euclidean 4D-space. This universal principle is equivalent to Lorentz transformation of a fundamental four-displacement vector, representing a new model of Special Relativity with superior compatibility to quantum theories. (3) Time is a displacement property of mass particles in 4D-space. Frames of 3D-space+time are the perspective by which mass particles experience 4D-space. In this perspective, absolute space longitudinally displaces over mass particles experienced as proper time elapse. Temporal momentum is an inherent invariant property of mass particles. Frames of 3D-space+time are mixed domains: three spatial coordinates of position-space and a temporal coordinate of momentum-space, meaning the position-space in the temporal coordinate is totally inaccessible.

Further spherically symmetric solutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Steane
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Field Equation ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Stellar Structure ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Schwarzschild Solution ◽  
Spherically Symmetric Solutions ◽  
Structure Equations

We obtain the interior Schwarzschild solution; the stellar structure equations (Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff); the Reissner-Nordstrom metric (charged black hole) and the de Sitter-Schwarzschild metric. These both illustrate how the field equation is tackled in non-vacuum cases, and bring out some of the physics of stars, electromagnetic fields and the cosmological constant.

scholarly journals The Higgs field and the resolution of the Cosmological Constant Paradox in the Weyl-geometrical Universe

2017 ◽  
Vol 375 (2106) ◽  
pp. 20160388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco De Martini
Keyword(s):  
Differential Geometry ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Critical Density ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Electroweak Theory ◽  
Parallel Displacement ◽  
The Universe

The nature of the scalar field responsible for the cosmological inflation is found to be rooted in the most fundamental concept of Weyl's differential geometry: the parallel displacement of vectors in curved space–time. Within this novel geometrical scenario, the standard electroweak theory of leptons based on the SU (2) L ⊗ U (1) Y as well as on the conformal groups of space–time Weyl's transformations is analysed within the framework of a general-relativistic, conformally covariant scalar-tensor theory that includes the electromagnetic and the Yang–Mills fields. A Higgs mechanism within a spontaneous symmetry breaking process is identified and this offers formal connections between some relevant properties of the elementary particles and the dark energy content of the Universe. An ‘effective cosmological potential’: V eff is expressed in terms of the dark energy potential: via the ‘mass reduction parameter’: , a general property of the Universe. The mass of the Higgs boson, which is considered a ‘free parameter’ by the standard electroweak theory, by our theory is found to be proportional to the mass which accounts for the measured cosmological constant, i.e. the measured content of vacuum-energy in the Universe. The non-integrable application of Weyl's geometry leads to a Proca equation accounting for the dynamics of a ϕ ρ -particle, a vector-meson proposed as an an optimum candidate for dark matter. On the basis of previous cosmic microwave background results our theory leads, in the condition of cosmological ‘critical density’, to the assessment of the average energy content of the ϕ ρ -excitation. The peculiar mathematical structure of V eff offers a clue towards a very general resolution of a most intriguing puzzle of modern quantum field theory, the ‘Cosmological Constant Paradox’ (here referred to as the ‘ Λ -Paradox’). Indeed, our ‘universal’ theory offers a resolution of the Λ -Paradox for all exponential inflationary potentials: V Λ ( T , ϕ )∝ e − nϕ , and for all linear superpositions of these potentials, where n belongs to the mathematical set of the ‘real numbers’. An explicit solution of the Λ -Paradox is reported for n =2. The resolution of the Λ -Paradox cannot be achieved in the context of Riemann's differential geometry. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Second quantum revolution: foundational questions’.

The curvature effect on the gravitational collapse of interacting and non-interacting combination of dark matter and dark energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (17) ◽  
pp. 2050078
Author(s):  
S. Z. Abbas ◽  
H. H. Shah ◽  
W. Chammam ◽  
H. Sun ◽  
Wasim Ul Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Gravitational Collapse ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Relativistic Astrophysics ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Curvature Effect ◽  
De Formula ◽  
General Relativistic

The study of gravitational collapse is a very interesting phenomena in general relativistic astrophysics. Here, in this study we investigated the gravitational collapse of a spherically symmetric core of a star, constituted of dark matter (DM) ([Formula: see text]), in dark energy (DE) ([Formula: see text]) background. It was investigated that gravitational collapse of interacting and noninteracting combination of DM and DE yields BH formation. In this work, our main aim is to examine the effect of space–time curvature [Formula: see text] on the gravitational collapse of interacting and noninteracting combination of dark matter and DE. We achieve the visible influence of curvature on gravitational collapse analytically and interpret the results graphically.

scholarly journals Unified Dark Matter Scalar Field Models

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Bertacca ◽  
Nicola Bartolo ◽  
Sabino Matarrese
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Galactic Halo ◽  
Kinetic Term ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Rotation Curves ◽  
Spherically Symmetric Solutions ◽  
Scalar Field Models ◽  
Unified Description

We analyze and review cosmological models in which the dynamics of a single scalar field accounts for a unified description of the Dark Matter and Dark Energy sectors, dubbed Unified Dark Matter (UDM) models. In this framework, we consider the general Lagrangian of -essence, which allows to find solutions around which the scalar field describes the desired mixture of Dark Matter and Dark Energy. We also discuss static and spherically symmetric solutions of Einstein's equations for a scalar field with noncanonical kinetic term, in connection with galactic halo rotation curves.

IS COSMOLOGICAL ACCELERATION DRIVEN BY CLASSICAL SPACE–TIME GEOMETRY?

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2189-2217
Author(s):  
SIDNEY BLUDMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Vacuum Energy ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Coincidence Problem ◽  
Energy Mechanism ◽  
Material Problem ◽  
Gravitational Vacuum

The homogeneous expansion history H(z) of our universe (Hubble diagram) measures only kinematic variables, it cannot fix the underlying dynamics driving the recent acceleration: cosmographic measurements of the homogeneous universe are consistent with either a static fine-tuned cosmological constant or a dynamic "dark energy" mechanism, which itself may be either material dark energy or low-curvature modifications of Einstein gravity (dark gravity). This dark energy/dark gravity degeneracy in the homogeneous expansion observations can only be resolved by observing the growth of the cosmological fluctuations. However, because the "dark energy" evolution is now quasi-static at most, any dynamical effects on the fluctuation growth function g(z) will be minimal. Projected observations may potentially distinguish static from dynamic "dark energy", but distinguishing dynamic dark energy from dark gravity will require a weak lensing shear survey more ambitious than any now projected. Dark gravity is also, in principle, observable in the solar system or in isolated galaxy clusters. The cosmological constant problem — that quantum material vacuum fluctuations apparently do not gravitate — suggests identifying gravitational "vacuum energy" with classical intrinsic space–time curvature, divorcing it from any quantum material property. This empty space–time curvature appears cosmologically and about isolated sources and can only be fine-tuned, at present. The cosmological coincidence problem — that we live when the ordinary matter density approximates the "gravitational vacuum energy" — on the other hand, is a material problem, calling for an understanding of the observers' role in cosmology. A particularly restrictive weak anthropic principle, that dark energy and dark gravity be indistinguishable, selects static "dark energy" (ΛCDM) and rejects any dynamical effects in the growth of fluctuations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document