Stage-dependent restoration of sensory dorsal columns following spinal cord transection in anuran tadpoles

1986 ◽  
Vol 227 (1246) ◽  
pp. 67-82 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Anterograde Transport ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Complete Transection ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Dorsal Columns ◽  
Stage Viii

In frogs sensory axons from the lumbar dorsal roots ascend in the dorsal column of the spinal cord to terminate in the medulla and cerebellum. The response of these axons to complete transection of the thoracic spinal cord has been analysed in Rana temporaria tadpoles at different stages of development. The presence and position of dorsal column axons were assessed by using the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase or by electrophysiological methods. Before developmental stage VIII, dorsal column axons can grow across the transection and reach their normal areas of termination in the brainstem. Axons that do cross the transection follow their normal pathways. From stage VIII onwards this capacity for growth is largely lost. These results are discussed in terms of the relation between neurogenesis, axon growth and axonal regeneration.

scholarly journals Pathfinding by dorsal column axons in the spinal cord of the frog tadpole

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Holder ◽  
J.D. Clarke ◽  
D. Tonge
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Dorsal Funiculus ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Frog Tadpole ◽  
Dorsal Columns

Sensory fibres from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) enter the spinal cord and run within a clearly defined ipsilateral pathway, the dorsal column, which lies in the dorsal funiculus. We have examined the characteristics of this pathway as a defined substrate for dorsal column axons in Rana temporaria tadpoles by rotating the thoracic spinal cord through 180 degrees from dorsal to ventral. Using HRP as a neuronal tracer we establish that many dorsal column axons from the hindlimb locate the ipsilateral or contralateral dorsal column pathway in the rotated cord. Other axons locate and grow caudally down the contralateral dorsal column returning to the lumbar region. Axons of the dorsal column never take an inappropriate pathway except at the transection sites where they negotiate abnormal routes to reach the contralateral or ipsilateral dorsal columns in normally positioned or rotated cord. The results demonstrate that the dorsal columns act as highly specific pathways for axons from DRG neurones but the axons' interactions with the pathway do not control the craniocaudal or left-right options for growth.

Histopathology of experimental hematomyelia

1991 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H. Milhorat ◽  
David E. Adler ◽  
Ian M. Heger ◽  
John I. Miller ◽  
Joanna R. Hollenberg-Sher
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Dorsal Columns

✓ The pathology of hematomyelia was examined in 35 rats following the stereotactic injection of 2 µl blood into the dorsal columns of the thoracic spinal cord. This experimental model produced a small ball-hemorrhage without associated neurological deficits or significant tissue injury. Histological sections of the whole spinal cord were studied at intervals ranging from 2 hours to 4 months after injection. In acute experiments (2 to 6 hours postinjection), blood was sometimes seen within the lumen of the central canal extending rostrally to the level of the fourth ventricle. Between 24 hours and 3 days, the parenchymal hematoma became consolidated and there was an intense proliferation of microglial cells at the perimeter of the lesion. The cells invaded the hematoma, infiltrated its core, and removed erythrocytes by phagocytosis. Rostral to the lesion, the lumen of the central canal was found to contain varying amounts of fibrin, proteinaceous material, and cellular debris for up to 15 days. These findings were much less prominent in the segments of the canal caudal to the lesion. Healing of the parenchymal hematoma was usually complete within 4 to 6 weeks except for residual hemosiderin-laden microglial cells and focal gliosis at the lesion site. It is concluded that the clearance of atraumatic hematomyelia probably involves two primary mechanisms: 1) phagocytosis of the focal hemorrhage by microglial cells; and 2) drainage of blood products in a rostral direction through the central canal of the spinal cord.

scholarly journals Analysis of 82 cases of spinal cord injury treated by ozone [abstract]

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xirzat Abdukeram ◽  
Muhtar Rixit ◽  
Dilare Mahmut
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Epidural Injection ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Cord Injury

PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of ozone in the treatment of spinal cord injury so as to restore the function and sensation of the limbs. METHODS: From May 2007 to July 2016, 82 patients with spinal cord injury were treated, including 24 females and 58 males, with an average age of 32.1 years. Among all the research, 26 cases of cervical spinal cord injury, 12 cases of paraplegia in the thoracic spinal cord, 44 cases of paraplegia in the lumbar spine, all of whom had muscle strength 0 and had incontinence. Frankel classification, grade A is 69 cases, B class is 13 cases. 12 cases of spinous process wire fixation was performed; in 61 cases, internal pedicle screw fixation, and no internal fixation was required in 9 cases. In these patients, we did epidural injection of 2-8 mL of ozone at 35 mcrg/mL with the C arm. In 4 cases we did spinal canal decompression and internal fixation and we used an epidural catheter into the epidural and subarachnoid cavity to directly inject 2-8 mL of ozone at 35 mcrg/mL; after catheter withdrawal, we did ozone injection in the scar segment with the C arm to increase acurracy of the technique. RESULTS: In 10 patients, the treatment produced no neurological improvement; the remaining 72 patients, from the 3rd postoperative day, feeling started to recover. We observed 22 patients during 26 months that could stand up and walk with crutches and 18 patients of them could control defecation and 16 patients could feel the defecation; 14 cases could do slight activities with their lower extremities; 12 patients reached mild forearm movement. CONCLUSION: The key to the repair of the injured spinal cord is provided through the axon growth; ozone can play a worthy role in the release of scar and allow nerve axons to grow and access some function recovery.

Oxygen fields in specific spinal loci of the canine spinal cord

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (5) ◽  
pp. H761-H766
Author(s):  
B. T. Stokes ◽  
M. Garwood ◽  
P. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Multimodal Distributions ◽  
Dorsal Columns ◽  
Oxygen Microelectrode ◽  
Adult Spinal Cord ◽  
Made In

Oxygen tension (PO2) measurements were made in the dog spinal cord with a small recessed-tip oxygen microelectrode. The use of vibration and specific marking techniques has allowed the elimination of tissue compression artifacts and the mapping of regional PO2 in the thoracic spinal cord. A symmetrical distribution of PO2 values can be shown for the lateral white funiculi; the gray matter and dorsal columns have multimodal distributions. Statistical evaluation showed all these areas to have different PO2 profiles; PO2 values (mmHg) were 61.2 +/- 12.4 for the lateral white funiculi, 55.3 +/- 19.0 for the dorsal columns, and 30.0 +/- 13.6 in spinal gray. The relatively normal distribution patterns of these oxygen tensions indicate that traditional statistical methods may be used to compare and evaluate oxygen diffusion fields in the adult spinal cord.

Regeneration of supraspinal axons after complete transection of the thoracic spinal cord in neonatal opossums (Monodelphis domestica)

2003 ◽  
Vol 466 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Jane Fry ◽  
Helen Bronwyn Stolp ◽  
Michael Aron Lane ◽  
Katarzyna Magdalena Dziegielewska ◽  
Norman Ruthven Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Monodelphis Domestica ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Complete Transection ◽  
Thoracic Spinal

Spontaneous Herniation of the Thoracic Spinal Cord: A Case Report

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Chan Jin ◽  
Seoung Ro Lee ◽  
Dong Woo Park ◽  
Kyung Bin Joo
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Spontaneous Herniation

Lipomeningocele associated with diplomyelia in a dog

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (05) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele Ondreka ◽  
Sara Malberg ◽  
Emma Laws ◽  
Martin Schmidt ◽  
Sabine Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Split Cord Malformation ◽  
Lumbar Spinal Cord ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Type I ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Subcutaneous Mass ◽  
Lumbar Spinal

SummaryA 2-year-old male neutered mixed breed dog with a body weight of 30 kg was presented for evaluation of a soft subcutaneous mass on the dorsal midline at the level of the caudal thoracic spine. A further clinical sign was intermittent pain on palpation of the area of the subcutaneous mass. The owner also described a prolonged phase of urination with repeated interruption and re-initiation of voiding. The findings of the neurological examination were consistent with a lesion localization between the 3rd thoracic and 3rd lumbar spinal cord segments. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a spina bifida with a lipomeningocele and diplomyelia (split cord malformation type I) at the level of thoracic vertebra 11 and 12 and secondary syringomyelia above the aforementioned defects in the caudal thoracic spinal cord. Surgical resection of the lipomeningocele via a hemilaminectomy was performed. After initial deterioration of the neurological status postsurgery with paraplegia and absent deep pain sensation the dog improved within 2 weeks to non-ambulatory paraparesis with voluntary urination. Six weeks postoperatively the dog was ambulatory, according to the owner. Two years after surgery the owner recorded that the dog showed a normal gait, a normal urination and no pain. Histopathological diagnosis of the biopsied material revealed a lipomeningocele which confirmed the radiological diagnosis.

scholarly journals The Histopathology of Severe Graded Compression in Lower Thoracic Spinal Cord Segment of Rat, Evaluated at Late Post-injury Phase

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fedorova Jana ◽  
Kellerova Erika ◽  
Bimbova Katarina ◽  
Pavel Jaroslav
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Severe Traumatic Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Segment ◽  
Cord Injury

AbstractSpontaneous recovery of lost motor functions is relative fast in rodent models after inducing a very mild/moderate spinal cord injury (SCI), and this may complicate a reliable evaluation of the effectiveness of potential therapy. Therefore, a severe graded (30 g, 40 g and 50 g) weight-compression SCI at the Th9 spinal segment, involving an acute mechanical impact followed by 15 min of persistent compression, was studied in adult female Wistar rats. Functional parameters, such as spontaneous recovery of motor hind limb and bladder emptying function, and the presence of hematuria were evaluated within 28 days of the post-traumatic period. The disruption of the blood-spinal cord barrier, measured by extravasated Evans Blue dye, was examined 24 h after the SCI, when maximum permeability occurs. At the end of the survival period, the degradation of gray and white matter associated with the formation of cystic cavities, and quantitative changes of glial structural proteins, such as GFAP, and integral components of axonal architecture, such as neurofilaments and myelin basic protein, were evaluated in the lesioned area of the spinal cord. Based on these functional and histological parameters, and taking the animal’s welfare into account, the 40 g weight can be considered as an upper limit for severe traumatic injury in this compression model.

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