scholarly journals Plant–soil feedbacks provide an additional explanation for diversity–productivity relationships

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1740) ◽  
pp. 3020-3026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Kulmatiski ◽  
Karen H. Beard ◽  
Justin Heavilin
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Plant Community Dynamics ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
As Species ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Additional Explanation

Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) have gained attention for their role in plant community dynamics, but their role in productivity has been overlooked. We developed and tested a biomass-specific, multi-species model to examine the role of PSFs in diversity–productivity relationships. The model predicts a negative relationship between PSFs and overyielding: plants with negative PSFs grow more in communities than in monoculture (i.e. overyield), and plants with positive PSFs grow less in communities than in monoculture (i.e. underyield). This effect is predicted to increase with diversity and saturate at low species richness because the proportion of ‘self-cultivated’ soils rapidly decreases as species are added to a community. Results in a set of glasshouse experiments supported model predictions. We found that PSFs measured in one experiment were negatively correlated with overyielding in three-species plant communities measured in a separate experiment. Furthermore, when parametrized with our experimental PSF data, our model successfully predicted species-level overyielding and underyielding. The model was less effective at predicting community-level overyielding and underyielding, although this appeared to reflect large differences between communities with or without nitrogen-fixing plants. Results provide conceptual and experimental support for the role of PSFs in diversity–productivity relationships.

Plant community dynamics in arid lands: the role of desert ants

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-316
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sharafatmandrad ◽  
Azam Khosravi Mashizi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Arid Lands ◽  
Plant Community Dynamics ◽  
Desert Ants

scholarly journals Terrestrial ecosystems buffer inputs through storage and recycling of elements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Spohn ◽  
Felipe Aburto ◽  
Todd A. Ehlers ◽  
Nina Farwig ◽  
Patrick J. Frings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Community Dynamics ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Storage Pools

AbstractThis study presents a conceptual framework of buffering through storage and recycling of elements in terrestrial ecosystems and reviews the current knowledge about storage and recycling of elements in plants and ecosystems. Terrestrial ecosystems, defined here as plant-soil systems, buffer inputs from the atmosphere and bedrock through storage and recycling of elements, i.e., they dampen and delay their responses to inputs. Our framework challenges conventional paradigms of ecosystem resistance derived from plant community dynamics, and instead shows that element pools and fluxes have an overriding effect on the sensitivity of ecosystems to environmental change. While storage pools allow ecosystems to buffer variability in inputs over short to intermediate periods, recycling of elements enables ecosystems to buffer inputs over longer periods. The conceptual framework presented here improves our ability to predict the responses of ecosystems to environmental change. This is urgently needed to define thresholds which must not be exceeded to guarantee ecosystem functioning. This study provides a framework for future research to explore the extent to which ecosystems buffer variability in inputs.

scholarly journals The Effect of Prolonged Drought Legacies on Plant-Soil Feedbacks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamrul Hassan ◽  
Yolima Carrillo ◽  
Uffe N. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
C4 Grasses ◽  
Plant Community Dynamics ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
C3 And C4 Grasses

Abstract Background Climate changes can shift plant-soil feedbacks (PSFs) causing unexpected knock-on effects on plant community dynamics. We test the hypothesis that prolonged drought legacies cause shifts in PSFs due to changes in plant-soil biotic interactions.Methods PSFs of twelve plant species representing four functional groups (C3 and C4 grasses, forbs, and legumes) were assessed in monocultures, and communities composed of one species from each of the four functional groups, in soils collected from plots with a five-year legacy of ambient rainfall or drought conditions under laboratory conditions. Plants were grown under well-watered conditions, with observed effects, therefore, being related to field drought legacies rather than experimental drought. Sterile soil conditioning was included to assess shifts in plant-soil biotic interactions associated with field rainfall legacies explicitly.Results C3 and C4 grasses displayed negative and positive PSFs, respectively, in both rainfall legacies treatments. PSFs of Plantago lanceolata shifted from positive to negative in drought legacies, while Cichorium intybus showed neutral PSFs in both soils. PSFs of Medicago sativa shifted from negative to positive, while Biserrula pelecinus and Trifolium repens showed neutral PSFs, in prolonged drought legacies. PSFs at the community level showed a trend to shift from near-positive to neutral PSFs in soils with a drought legacy, with significant negative PSFs observed when comparing home versus sterile soils, suggesting that drought may destabilise plant communities. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that prolonged drought legacies can modify plant community dynamics due to species-specific changes in PSFs that persist after droughts are alleviated.

Testing ecological release as a compensating mechanism for mass mortality in a keystone predator

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sullivan-Stack ◽  
BA Menge
Keyword(s):  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Top Predator ◽  
Oregon Coast ◽  
Ecological Release ◽  
Keystone Predator ◽  
Pisaster Ochraceus ◽  
Wasting Syndrome

Top predator decline has been ubiquitous across systems over the past decades and centuries, and predicting changes in resultant community dynamics is a major challenge for ecologists and managers. Ecological release predicts that loss of a limiting factor, such as a dominant competitor or predator, can release a species from control, thus allowing increases in its size, density, and/or distribution. The 2014 sea star wasting syndrome (SSWS) outbreak decimated populations of the keystone predator Pisaster ochraceus along the Oregon coast, USA. This event provided an opportunity to test the predictions of ecological release across a broad spatial scale and determine the role of competitive dynamics in top predator recovery. We hypothesized that after P. ochraceus loss, populations of the subordinate sea star Leptasterias sp. would grow larger, more abundant, and move downshore. We based these predictions on prior research in Washington State showing that Leptasterias sp. competed with P. ochraceus for food. Further, we predicted that ecological release of Leptasterias sp. could provide a bottleneck to P. ochraceus recovery. Using field surveys, we found no clear change in density or distribution in Leptasterias sp. populations post-SSWS, and decreases in body size. In a field experiment, we found no evidence of competition between similar-sized Leptasterias sp. and P. ochraceus. Thus, the mechanisms underlying our predictions were not in effect along the Oregon coast, which we attribute to differences in habitat overlap and food availability between the 2 regions. Our results suggest that response to the loss of a dominant competitor can be unpredictable even when based in theory and previous research.

Plant Community Dynamics, Nutrient Cycling, and Alternative Stable Equilibria in Peatlands

2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Pastor ◽  
Peckham ◽  
Bridgham ◽  
Weltzin ◽  
Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Plant Community Dynamics ◽  
Stable Equilibria

scholarly journals The Role of Enterobacteriaceae in Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Valerio Baldelli ◽  
Franco Scaldaferri ◽  
Lorenza Putignani ◽  
Federica Del Chierico
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Symbiotic Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases with unknown etiology. There is a combination of well documented factors in their pathogenesis, including intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. The symbiotic microbiota plays important functions in the host, and the loss of beneficial microbes could favor the expansion of microbial pathobionts. In particular, the bloom of potentially harmful Proteobacteria, especially Enterobacteriaceae, has been described as enhancing the inflammatory response, as observed in IBDs. Herein, we seek to investigate the contribution of Enterobacteriaceae to IBD pathogenesis whilst considering the continuous expansion of the literature and data. Despite the mechanism of their expansion still remaining unclear, their expansion could be correlated with the increase in nitrate and oxygen levels in the inflamed gut and with the bile acid dysmetabolism described in IBD patients. Furthermore, in several Enterobacteriaceae studies conducted at a species level, it has been suggested that some adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) play an important role in IBD pathogenesis. Overall, this review highlights the pivotal role played by Enterobacteriaceae in gut dysbiosis associated with IBD pathogenesis and progression.

scholarly journals The Curvilinear Relationship Between Job Control and Voice: Role of Emotional Resistance to Change and Supervisor Developmental Feedback

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110278
Author(s):  
Xian Tiantian ◽  
Zhang Zhenduo ◽  
Xiao Huan ◽  
Xiu Jing ◽  
Jia Wentong
Keyword(s):  
Resistance To Change ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Developmental Feedback ◽  
Emotional Resistance ◽  
Moderating Role

The purpose of this study was to delve into the underlying mechanism and contextual boundary condition of the U-shaped relationship between job control and voice at the episode level within the framework of conservation of resources theory. Adopting a two-wave experience sampling method, this study collected 265 matched cases nested in 53 Chinese employees for 5 consecutive days. By hierarchical linear regression, the U-shaped effect of job control on voice at the episode level was replicated. Furthermore, the mediating role of emotional resistance (ER) to change and to the moderating role of supervisor developmental feedback (SDF) was examined. Job control has a U-shaped effect on day-level voice and an inverted U-shaped effect on trait ER, which mediates the curvilinear relationship between job control and day-level voice. Daily SDF moderates the curvilinear relationship between job control and day-level voice such that daily SDF buffers the negative relationship between low job control and day-level voice, as well as amplifies the positive relationship between high job control and day-level voice. The current study unveils the mediating states and contextual boundary conditions of the curvilinear relationship between job control and day-level voice by testing the mediating role of ER and moderating role of SDF at the episode level, thereby further contributing to the literature on voice.

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